scholarly journals The Influence of Deportation on the Identity of Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Anna N. Blinova ◽  
Tatyana B. Smirnova ◽  
Elena A. Shlegel
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Central Place ◽  
International Union ◽  
The People ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
Ethnic History ◽  
Modern Identity

The deportation of the Soviet Germans in 1941 was a turning point in their ethnic history. The deportation had a big influence on the ethnic identity of the Germans and transformed it. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of the deportation of 1941 on the modern identity of the Germans in Russia and Kazakhstan. The article contains facts about the deportation, analyzes its consequences, first of all the radical change in the territorial distribution of the Germans. The central part of the article is devoted to the influence of traumatic events on the identity of the people. The empirical base of the research consists of memories collected in expeditions and archives, as well as the results of an ethnosociological survey of Germans conducted in 2020 with the support of the International Union of German Culture. The final part is dedicated to the historical memory and presentation of the deportation events in the museums of Russia and Kazakhstan. The conclusions of the research are that the events of the deportation continue influencing the ethnic identity of the Germans of Russia and Kazakhstan greatly. The cause of it is incompleteness of rehabilitation, activities of public organizations, historical memory in which deportation occupies a central place. The authors show the need to form a positive identity that generates interest in the history and culture of their own people, a sense of pride and integrity of ethnic identity.

scholarly journals РОЛЬ МУЗЕЇВ У ФОРМУВАННІ ЦІННІСНИХ ОРІЄНТАЦІЙ СУЧАСНОЇ МОЛОДІ: ФІЛОСОФСЬКО-АНТРОПОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
С. В. Бережна
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Multicultural Competencies ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
The People ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation

The article deals with the philosophical and anthropological analysis of the functioning of the museum. It is noted that the outlook changes that are observed in the modern world are connected with the implementation of the philosophical and cultural paradigm, where the central place is reserved for a person. Museum communication is a peculiar phenomenon that is reflected in human life, mechanisms of formation of individual and social consciousness, national mentality. Thanks to the real form of information transmission operations are carried out with "perfect objects" that represent the values of a particular social group, ethnic group, individual, and the formation of a personality. The role of museums in shaping the value orientations of youth is revealed, because modern museums are important centers of cultural and educational activity, education and training. It is noted that the creative interpretation of museum monuments is capable of detecting the transcendental nature of things, switching the viewer's perspective on the actual - social to the cultural - historical, thus transforming the imaginative exposition environment into the communication channel. The purpose of museums is reflected in the ability to provide young people with an ideological, interactive and material platform for a deeper understanding of their ethnic identity and to form multicultural competencies. The main directions are described: anthropologism, tolerance, compassion and respect for "Others", self-respect for own history and culture, and others like that. It is noted that now the formation of the cultural and anthropological picture of the development of humanity and society, based on universal values and meanings, is underway. Museum communication is a socio-cultural technology for the formation of a new qualitative degree of civilizational development of a society, where the strategic consideration is to take into account the mental characteristics of the people. It is concluded that museums, as a phenomenon of cultural, national, historical memory, can become an effective tool for improving the understanding of today's world and man in the world.

On the Will of the People: Notes on the Political “Theory” of Populism

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Offe
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
National People ◽  
The Will

The “will of the (national) people” is the ubiquitously invoked reference unit of populist politics. The essay tries to demystify the notion that such will can be conceived of as a unique and unified substance deriving from collective ethnic identity. Arguably, all political theory is concerned with arguing for ways by which citizens can make e pluribus unum—for example, by coming to agree on procedures and institutions by which conflicts of interest and ideas can be settled according to standards of fairness. It is argued that populists in their political rhetoric and practice typically try to circumvent the burden of such argument and proof. Instead, they appeal to the notion of some preexisting existential unity of the people’s will, which they can redeem only through practices of repression and exclusion.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
The People ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Governmental Management

This introduction outlines how the idea of a national economy subject to governmental management was constructed in Britain out of the dissolution of the unmanaged economy of the pre-1914 era. It argues that a key turning point came in 1931 with the departure from the gold standard and the introduction of protection. But, it is argued, it was only from the 1940s that national economic management was combined with ‘managing the people’, through major efforts to shape public opinion on the economy. This chapter also summarizes the development of the major kinds of economic statistics which underpinned both facets of economic management.

Two Centuries of Excavating Merovingian-Era Cemeteries In France

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Bonnie Effros
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Central Place ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Creation

The excavation of Merovingian-period cemeteries in France began in earnest in the 1830s spurred by industrialization, the creation of many new antiquarian societies across the country, and French nationalism. However, the professionalization of the discipline of archaeology occurred slowly due to the lack of formal training in France, weak legal protections for antiquities, and insufficient state funding for archaeological endeavors. This chapter identifies the implications of the central place occupied by cemeterial excavations up until the mid-twentieth century and its impact on broader discussions in France of national origins and ethnic identity. In more recent years, with the creation of archaeological agencies such as Afan and Inrap, the central place once occupied by grave remains has been diminished. Rescue excavations and private funding for new structures have brought about a shift to other priorities and research questions, with both positive and negative consequences, though cemeteries remain an important source of evidence for our understanding of Merovingian society.

ETHNIC IDENTITY TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN GERMANS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF MATERIALS IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
E.A. Grak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Identity Transformation ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Russian Germans

The article considers the nature of ethnic identity transformation of Russian Germans and their descendants currently residing in Krasnoyarsk Region. Ethnic and demographic development of Russian Germans is characterized by depopulation, migration loss and irreversibility of ethnic assimilation. This actualizes the problem of finding effective mechanisms for preservation and ethnical and cultural reproduction of the German ethnic group. Analyze of the ethnic identification model of the deported Germans and their descendants allows to determine key ethnic-forming factors. It is concluded that traditional markers, such as language and religion, have lost their meaning in the process of ethnic self-identification. Their reproduction was destroyed by alien ethnic environment with the spread of nationally mixed marriages. The article notes the increased role of historical memory in the post-deportation period, which is formed through interfamilial and intergenerational communication. Images of the past are represented and transmitted, first of all, through family and other social institutions. The otherness of the Russian Germans is manifested through their opposition to Germans of Germany. The study is based on biographical interviews of deported Germans and their descendants taken by a group of Krasnoyarsk historians during a field expedition to the south of the region in 2017 in termd of the project «Ethnic groups in Siberia: conditions for cultural memory preservation» with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. The article is dated to the 80th anniversary of the Russian Germans deportation.

Ethnic Identity in Abkhazia and the Paradigms of Its Institutionalization: From the Soviet Past to the Present [Etnicheskaia identichnost’ v Abkhazii i paradigmy ee institutsionalizatsii: ot sovetskogo proshlogo k nastoiashchemu]

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Nuri Bagapsh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Identity ◽  
History Of Formation

The article focuses on the aspects of nation-building and the main paradigms of the institutionalization of ethnicity in Abkhazia during the Soviet era and assesses the impact of Soviet practices of ordering ethnic categories on the modern ethnocultural and ethnopolitical landscape of the country. I examine the history of formation of the ethnic mosaic of Abkhazia, analyze the particular Abkhazian ways of solving general issues of the early Soviet nation-building, and discuss the influence of Soviet nation-building on the modern identity of various groups of Abkhazia’s population. The article further assesses the impact of ethnic mixing on the shaping of identity of Abkhazia’s population and explores the questions of civil nation-building and multilevel identity.

scholarly journals Mass Media and Ethnic Discourse in the North Caucasus: Politicization or Depoliticization?

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Viktor Anatolyevich Avksentev ◽  
Boris Vladimirovich Aksiumov ◽  
Galina Dmitrievna Gritsenko
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Ethnic Media ◽  
The North ◽  
Optimal Balance ◽  
Made In

Based on the content analysis of “non-ethnic” mass media in the federal subjects of Russia in the North Caucasus, the attempt to determine the place of ethnicity in the information field of the region and the influence of these sources on the processes of politicization/depoliticization of ethnicity is made in the paper. It was revealed that the topic “historical memory” is the leading one in ethnically marked publications. The next places in the thematic classi-fier are occupied by “ethnic identity” and “ethnic traditions and values”. Along with this, the dis-course of modernization turned out to be in de-mand, which indicates that the North Caucasus is in a situation of search for an optimal balance between old and new, traditions and innovations. Only one case of the use of the concept of “nation” as a syn-onym for the Russian (“Rossiyan”) nation has been identified, however, references to the nation in the ethnic sense are extremely rare. It is concluded that the “non-ethnic” media of the North Caucasus keep ethnic and confessional issues within public dis-course, but it is not “superfluous”, i. e. the tendency to politicize ethnicity is not typical or explicit.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF THE POLES INTO THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS (LATE 18TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
С.Г. МИРЗОЕВА ◽  
Е.Х. АПАЖЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

С конца восемнадцатого столетия Российская империя постепенно усиливает свое присутствие на Северном Кавказе. В этой связи разные этнические группы, в том числе и поляки, все активней начинают появляться в этом регионе, поскольку он уже находится под контролем России. Источники проникновения на Кавказ были разные: во-первых, это российские служащие со своими семьями, попавшие в состав России после разделов Речи Посполитой и отправленные на службу на Северный Кавказ вследствие внутренних ротаций, и, во-вторых – ученые и коммивояжеры, увидевшие в этом крае безопасное и привлекательное место после начала освоения его Россией. Процесс переселения поляков в данный регион является актуальным вопросом и на сегодняшний день, так как его изучение дает возможность проследить слияние совершено разных культур и их благотворное влияние друг на друга. Культурно-просветительская деятельность поляков в северокавказском регионе в XIX в. проявилась в строительстве польских церквей – костелов, организации школ, благоустройстве городов и сел, открытии курортов. Просветительская деятельность, сохранение традиций, обычаев, менталитета, культуры народа были необходимы прежде всего самим полякам, так как они попали в совершенно новое культурное пространство. Since the end of the eighteenth century, the Russian Empire has gradually increased its presence in the North Caucasus. In this regard, different ethnic groups, including Poles, are increasingly beginning to appear in this region. They now do not perceive it as something terrible, since these territories since these territories are already under the control of Russia. The sources of their penetration into the Caucasus were different: firstly, these were Russian employees with their families who fell into Russia after the partitions of the Commonwealth and were sent to serve in the North Caucasus due to internal rotations, and secondly, scientists and traveling salesmen who saw in this region a safe and attractive place after the start of development by Russia. A radical change in the situation in Russia in terms of eliminating the “white spots” of history, the openness of archives, enable modern researchers to study moral, spiritual, social, cultural and national problems in Russia in general, and in the North Caucasus, in particular. The process of resettlement of Poles in this region is a topical issue today, since its study makes it possible to trace the merger of completely different cultures and their beneficial influence on each other. The cultural and educational activities of Poles in the North Caucasus region in the nineteenth century manifested itself in the construction of Polish churches - churches, the organization of schools, the improvement of cities and villages, the opening of resorts. Educational activities, preservation of traditions, customs, mentality, and culture of the people were necessary primarily for the Poles themselves, since they found themselves in a completely new cultural space.

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