scholarly journals Unification of the Preparation of Schoolchildren of Medical Classes for Competitions of Pre-Professional Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
I. P. Levchuk ◽  
M. V. Kostyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Vocational Guidance ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Single Strategy

Currently, within the framework of vocational guidance for schoolchildren, quite active work is underway; since 2018, a pre-professional exam has been introduced, including in the theoretical part of the program in biology, chemistry, the basics of medical knowledge and other natural science subjects, in the practical part, first aid skills are assessed. However, until now there is no single strategy for preparing students for the first aid program. In order to unify the training of students in medical classes, a work program and a textbook for medical classes have been developed.

Improvised first aid techniques for terrorist attacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Loftus ◽  
Harvey Pynn ◽  
Paul Parker
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Oral Morphine ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
High Street ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Basic Medical Knowledge ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
The Military

Terrorist acts occur every day around the world. Healthcare professionals are often present as bystander survivors in these situations, with none of the equipment or infrastructure they rely on in their day-to-day practice. Within several countries there has been a move to disseminate the actions to take in the event of such attacks: in the UK, Run, Hide, Tell, and in the USA, Fight Back. This paper outlines how a very basic medical knowledge combined with everyday high-street items can render highly effective first aid and save lives. We discuss and summarise modern improvised techniques. These include the <C> ABCDE approach of treating catastrophic haemorrhage before airway management, bringing together improvised techniques from the military and wilderness medicine. We explain how improvised tourniquets, wound dressings, splinting and traction devices can be fabricated using items from the high street: nappies, tampons, cling film, duct tape and tablecloths. Cervical spine immobilisation is a labour-intensive protocol that is often practised defensively. With little evidence to support the routine use of triple immobilisation, this should be replaced with a common sense dynamic approach such as the Montana neck brace. Acid or alkali attacks are also examined with simple pragmatic advice. Analgesia is discussed in the context of a prehospital setting. Pharmacy-obtained oral morphine and diclofenac suppositories can be used to treat moderate pain without relying on equipment for intravenous/intraosseous infusion in prolonged hold situations. The differentiation between concealment and cover is summarised: scene safety remains paramount.

scholarly journals The level of readiness of the EMERCOM of Russia employees to provide first aid in road and transportation accidents

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
I. S. Melnikova ◽  
E. V. Shkatova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Work Program ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Regular Training

Relevance. Timely competent provision of first aid by fire-fighters and rescuers can minimize the complications of injuries related to road traffic accidents, thereby supporting the lives of victims until the arrival of an ambulance team. Effective first aid training of the Emercom employees is a prerequisite for reducing mortality from road accidents at the pre-hospital stage.Intention. To analyze preparedness for first aid provision in the Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk city) among the EMERCOM of Russia employees directly involved in the elimination of the consequences of road accidents.Methodology. 199 employees of the Emercom of Russia were surveyed in the Udmurt Republic (Izhevsk) to assess their preparedness for the first aid provision based on a specially developed questionnaire.Results and Discussion. When processing the questionnaire data, it was found that 46.7 % of the respondents consider their knowledge and skills to be sufficient for providing first aid to victims of road accidents, 53.3 % are not satisfied with their practical skills. Before the arrival of medical workers, first aid was always provided to the injured by 10.5 %, sometimes by 31.2 % of the respondents. When tested on first aid issues, on average, each employee gave (73.1 ± 1.1) % correct answers. Periodically, 45.2 % of the EMERCOM of Russia employees practiced their skills in first aid on dummies.Conclusion. The results of the study showed the need to improve the regular training on the first aid among EMERCOM of Russia employees: to use dummies and simulators more widely. The data obtained can be used in planning the interagency interaction of services involved in the elimination of the consequences of road accidents, developing a work program for extended first aid for EMERCOM of Russia employees.

CONCEPT OF VIRTUAL INTERACTIVE CENTRE PERFECTING PROFESSIONAL SKILLS OF BORDER GUARD OFFICERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Burnat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Virtual Interactive ◽  
Critical Situations

The paper presents a project aimed to develop, start, and test a modern didactic centre for the Border Guard. Implementation of an innovative interactive 3D multimedia cave for perfecting the procedures of using the weapons and direct enforcement means, and checking the persons, vehicles and goods, shall improve the qualifications of the border guard officers in conditions similar to realistic ones. The virtual interactive centre for perfecting professional skills is aimed to train the officers on a wide range of situations starting from operational planning, depending on the encountered and changeable situation including also terroristic incidents, and throughout the decision making at operational conditions relevant to the Border Guard tasks, the use of shooting skills and means of direct enforcement, and ending on providing the first aid and teaching the preparation of reports. It is important that a decision made by a trainee at a specific moment of scenario could trigger a following stage of an evolving situation or its termination. It is assumed that the course of an exercise may be recorded and replayed to make a detailed analysis of actions undertaken by trainees, and to discuss faults, and to find out correct solutions for critical situations.

scholarly journals Do Urology Male Patients Prefer Same-Gender Urologist?

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1379-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadar Amir ◽  
Avi Beri ◽  
Ravit Yechiely ◽  
Yifat Amir Levy ◽  
Mordechai Shimonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Gender Preference ◽  
Professional Skills ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
Actual Selection ◽  
Urology Clinic

There are several studies on patients’ preference for same-gender physicians, especially female preference for same-gender gynecologists. Data regarding the preferences of urology patients, of whom the majority are males, are scarce. The objective of this study is to assess provider gender preference among urology patients. One hundred and nineteen consecutive men (mean age 57.6 years) who attended a urology clinic in one university-affiliated medical center were prospectively enrolled. A self-accomplished 26-item anonymous questionnaire was used to assess patients’ preferences in selecting their urologist. Of the 119 patients, 51 (42.8%) preferred a male urologist. Patients exhibited more same-gender preference for physical examination (38.3%), or urological surgery (35.3%), than for consultation (24.4%). Most patients (97%) preferred a same-gender urologist because they felt less embarrassed. Four patient characteristics were identified to be significantly associated with preference for a male urologist: religious status, country of origin, marital status, and a prior management by a male urologist. Of these, religious status was the most predictive parameter for choosing a male urologist. The three most important factors that affected actual selection, however, were professional skills (84.6%), clinical experience (72.4%), and medical knowledge (61%), rather than physician gender per se. Many male patients express gender bias regarding their preference for urologist. However, professional skills of the clinician are considered to be more important factors when it comes to actually making a choice.

scholarly journals Does Informal Education Training Increase Awareness of Anaphylaxis among Students of Medicine? Before-After Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8150
Author(s):  
Julia Leszkowicz ◽  
Agata Pieńkowska ◽  
Wojciech Nazar ◽  
Eliza Bogdan ◽  
Natalia Kwaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Medical University

Allergies are among the most common chronic diseases in Europe. The most serious complication is anaphylactic shock. Most cases occur outside the hospital; thus, knowledge of symptoms and first aid is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness of anaphylaxis and the ability to use adrenaline auto-injectors among medical students, and to determine an improvement after training based on non-formal education. The research was conducted among 364 medicine students (years 1–5) from the Medical University of Gdańsk, with year-specific curriculum-based general medical knowledge. Training consisted of pre-test, practical training and post-test. Descriptive statistics were used to reveal the characteristics of students from different grades. A Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. The tested students did not have sufficient knowledge to provide first aid in cases of anaphylaxis before training. There was an increase in knowledge (on average, 28.6%, p = 0.005) after training. Almost all (99.4%) of the respondents believed that they would be able to use an adrenaline auto-injector in case of emergency after the training. The training based on non-formal education was effective. The use of the subject-performed task method helped students to remember the stages of action in stressful situations.

scholarly journals PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ NATURAL SCIENCE LITERACY EXPRESSION ANALYSING THE TOPIC “ORGANISM NUTRITIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT”

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Rita Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Science Literacy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
School Students ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Theoretical Part

Both in Lithuania and abroad, a lot of natural science contests, quiz shows are organised for primary school students. By these events it is sought to motivate the participants, to provide knowledge, to deepen it and expand, to develop research work abilities and skills. Research aim – to analyse and generalise the contest “Lithuanian naturalist” theoretical part task answers, to ascertain what concepts (domestic or scientific) dominate in the contest participant works, to find typical mistakes made by students, and to present recommendations to the teachers. Research sample. Twenty-eight 3rd – 4th form students from 14 different Lithuanian schools, that is, 14 teams (the team consists of two students). Activity sheets were used for the research, in which 10 tasks were presented. An evaluation instruction was prepared for result evaluation. Slides were shown for the students while presenting the tasks. Team members worked in pairs. It was established that the 3rd and the 4th form students were able to make nutrition chains, could explain what it starts with, to ground, why. Contest participants correctly defined what a predator was, and what a victim was. Students had a sufficient understanding why predators were necessary in nature. Students lacked the ability to read the task to the end, attentiveness helping to discern the features. A typical mistake was noticed: part of the students the concepts of an insect and a beetle used as synonyms. Domestic concepts happened to be used. The participation in such contests, and the ability of organisers to lead the students through the science cognition way not only motivates them, but also allows them to believe in such activity meaningfulness. It is experienced how much I know, and together it is felt that still there is where to develop. Having introduced the teachers with the contest tasks, and having discussed with them students’ made typical mistakes, use of concepts, having presented methodological advice how to analyse one or another topic, what methods to use, one can hope for more thorough primary school students’ dialogue with science. Keywords: natural science knowledge and understanding, natural science contest, abilities, primary school students, activity sheet tasks.

scholarly journals Training students basis of first provision health care

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
V. Zyuz ◽  
T. Babich ◽  
V. Balukhtina
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
High Level

It is known that in connection with the untimely provision of medical assistance in case of disasters, incidents, any events where there are victims, up to 30% of victims die in the first hour, up to 70% in 3:00, and up to 90% in 6:00. Usually the life and health of the victim depends on first aid by persons without special medical education. The high level of injuries is always alarming, therefore it is very important to be able to prevent injuries, and the ability to provide first-aid medical care is a necessary knowledge for all specialists – university graduates. First aid is a set of urgent measures taken in case of accidents and sudden illnesses aimed at terminating the harmful factor, eliminating life-threatening phenomena, alleviating suffering and preparing the victim to be sent to a medical institution. It is essential that each student be aware of the essence, principles, rules and sequence of first aid. The article is a brief guide to the first aid in emergency situations in different circumstances, and can also be used in the educational process to prepare students who do not have a medical education, but are required to be able to provide first aid. The solution of this problem requires the development and implementation of modern scientifically based information on injury prevention and untimely first aid. In order to increase the effectiveness of first aid, the article offers instruction on knowledge and skills, which is developed in accordance with the program of the course «Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge» and «The Course of Medical Training for Rescuers», which is approved by the Medical Directorate of Ukraine MSC, which should be laid out for students at the life safety basics classes.

scholarly journals Software Development for First Aid Decision Support System

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shihab Ahmed ◽  
Hussein Ali Salah ◽  
Jalal Q. Jameel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Aid Decision

This work presents an approach to deal with modelling a decision support system framework to introduce an application for decisions in medical knowledge system analysis. First aid is extremely important worldwide and, hence, a decision support framework, know as First Aid Decision Support System (FADSS), was designed and implemented to access experimental cases exerting danger to the general population, offering advanced conditions for testing abilities in research and arranging an emergency treatment through the graphical user interface (UI). The design of first aid treatment in FADSS depends on the general cases in first aid. We presented a strategy to manage first aid treatment  by modelling an application (FADSS) that assists people in finding information about first aid cases that are available as an application service. FADSS service uses a set of 15 important situations that might happen to people. The decision for treatment is suggested on the system for a different accident. FADSS tests the information in real-time by using mathematical models, decision tree and data mining (C4.5 algorithm) that are used in this research to build a decision making system. The system automatically sends warnings when the case is very critical, using text messages as email reports. The main objective of this study is to provide an efficient tool that helps people and junior workers in first aid centres in order to find the available resources of information.

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