The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Potato Doughnuts Using Semi-Liquid Local Yeast Derived from Myrrh of Red Fermented Palm Sap

Natural or local yeasts are microorganisms from natural ingredients obtained from fermentation without the need for artificial additives. The objectives of the present study were 1.) to evaluate the physical quality of potato doughnuts produced from the local yeast derived from residue of red fermented palm sap, 2) to obtain the best treatment from the use of local yeast in making doughnuts. In the fermentation process, yeast converts sugar and carbohydrates in the dough into carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and alcohol. Doughnuts are made from wheat flour, but the addition of potato paste can improve the texture so that it is softer and tender due to the interaction between gelatinized starch and gluten but can reduce its swelling power. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and five replications to produce 15 experimental units. The treatments were a) Control (commercial yeast); b) Wheat flour: potato paste: local yeast; 2:1:1; c) Wheat flour: potato paste: local yeast; 2:1:2 and d) Wheat flour: potato paste: local yeast; 2:1:3. The results showed that the best treatment formula was obtained in the treatment B (wheat flour: potato paste: local yeast; 2:1:1) with 20,6% moisture content, 2,09% protein content and 3,644 color value (very like), 3,800 taste value (very like) and texture/tenderness with a value of 1032,500.

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PEMANFAATAN BIJI KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN DAN SERAT PADA PRODUK MAKANAN STIK

AGROTECH : JURNAL ILMIAH TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN ◽

10.37631/agrotech.v1i1.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Eman Darmawan

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Test Method ◽

Snack Food ◽

Organoleptic Properties ◽

Seed Flour ◽

A Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of substitution ketapan seed to chemical and organoleptic properties of the resulted snack food, knowing the exact level of substitution, so obtain the snack food liked the panelists. The design used in this study was completely randomized design (CRD) with single factor that influences the concentration of seed flour substitution ketapan seed consisting of 5 treatments. Each treatment be repeated 3 times. The data obtained was analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), if there was a difference between the treatment of advanced test conducted by Duncan`s Multiple Ranges Test Method (DMRT) at the level of 5%. Substitution of wheat flour with ketapan seed flour affects the snack food produced, which can reduce the water content of the snack food and increase levels of protein and fiber snack food. Ketapan seed flour substitution preferred by the panelists was substitution ketapan seed flour up to 30% with a value of 3.52 and the criteria snack food produced had a water content of 3.67%, 15.10% db protein content, fiber content of 3.64 % db, brownish yellow color (2.95), a rather tasted wheat flour (3.35), and crispy (3.60).

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Karakteristik Tepung Ampas Tahu yang Difermentasi dengan Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap kandungan Daidzein, Glycitein, dan Genistein

BUANA SAINS ◽

10.33366/bs.v20i1.1931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Eka Fitasari ◽

Budi Santosa

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Animal Feed ◽

High Energy ◽

Microbial Culture ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Animal feed should ideally be inexpensive and not competing with humans. Ampas know is a waste of the manufacture of tofu that contains protein and high energy. Its use has problems due to the existence of antinutrient and cannot be kept long. Lactobacillus Plantarum is a lactic acid (Gram-positive) bacteria used in the fermentation process to improve the quality of feed. The goal of fermentation is to remove the anti-nutrients that exist in the tofu pulp and increase the content of Isoflavone (Daidzin, Glycitein, and Genistein) and Isoflavone is a source of antioxidants important to growth. The study uses a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatment of microbial culture concentrations of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (V/w), respectively repeated 3 times. The result of analyzes in the pulp of tofu fermentation suggests that fermentation by Lactobacillus Plantarum can increase the content of Daidzein, Glycitein, and genistein with the highest value resulting from the use of L. Plantarum 20% respectively 191.21 + 24.9 μg/g, 85.96 μg/g, and 120.82 μg/g. It can be concluded that the higher the use of the concentration of L. Plantarum in tofu pulp can increase the levels of isoflavone, so it is advisable to conduct research with the concentration of L. Plantarum higher in tofu pulp

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EKSTRAK KARAGINAN RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI PANTAI TABLOLONG

Indigenous Biologi : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Sains Biologi ◽

10.33323/indigenous.v3i3.137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 119-127

Author(s):

Runa Matias Ruku ◽

Alfred G.O Kase ◽

Hartini R.L Solle

Keyword(s):

Fat Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Test Results ◽

A Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Yield Test ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Treatment Concentration

ABSTRACTEucheuma cottonii (E. cottonii) seaweed is a low level plant that has a high nutritional value. One of the ingredients that play a role in the formation of texture is carrageenan.Carrageenan is a type of hydrocolloid extracted from the seaweed of the red algae group (Rhodophyceae). The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of yields of Seaweed Carrageenan Extract (E. cottonii) obtained from Tablolong beach in the form of yield, ash content and fat content. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) and for fat testing using quantitative descriptive methods. This study uses various concentrations of 0.1 N KOH, 0.2 N KOH, 0.3 N KOH and 0.4 N KOH. The results of the carrageenan yield test show that the addition of 0.1 N KOH concentration has a value of 56.10, KOH 0 , 2 N 62.16, KOH 0.3 N 72.73 and the best treatment was at P4 KOH 0.4 N 80.90. Carrageenan ash content test results showed that the addition of KOH concentration value obtained P1 KOH 0.1 N was 60.50, P2 KOH 0.2 N was 70.70, P3 KOH 0.3 N was 80.50, and P4 KOH 0.4 with a value of 90.50. The results of the carrageenan fat content of 0.1 KOH treatment has a fat content of 0, 2 while the treatment of KOH 0,2, KOH 0,3, KOH 0,4 have no fat content by showing the value (0). The results showed that the highest yield in the treatment of KOH concentration of 0.4 N with a value 80.95% and carrageenan ash content has the highest value in the treatment concentration of 0.4 N with a value of 90.50% while the fat content has a value of 0.2 in the treatment of KOH concentration of 0.1 N Keywords: Carrageenan, extract of E. cottonii seaweed.

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Quality Improvement of White Pepper with Processing through Optimizing the Ratio of Starter Culture from Acetobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus

HAYATI Journal of Biosciences ◽

10.4308/hjb.29.1.87-96 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 87-96

Author(s):

Kirana Sanggrami Sasmitaloka ◽

Hernani Hernani

Keyword(s):

Fermentation Process ◽

Starter Culture ◽

High Quality ◽

Soaking Time ◽

White Pepper ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Short Period ◽

Study Characteristics ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Fermentation process using known microbial species can be exploited for the processing of white pepper. It is expected to generate quality of white pepper in a short period soaking time. This research aimed to study characteristics of white pepper through a fermentation process by addition of combination isolates of Acetobacter sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus. After threshing, 2 kg of fresh pepper berries was soaked in water mixed with starter culture. The experiment used a completely randomized design, two replications. The treatment consisted of: A) starter culture ratio of Acetobacter sp.: B. subtillis: B. cereus (A1 = 0:0:0; A2 = 1:1:1; A3 = 2:1:1; A4 = 1:2:1; and A5 = 1:1:2) and soaking time (B1 = 5 and B2 = 7 days). Fermented pepper was decorticated, washed, and dried. The best treatment was fermented for 7 days with the combination isolates of Acetobacter sp., B. subtilis, and B. cereus with ratio 2:1:1. This condition produced white pepper in fulfilling in requirement of SNI standards with piperine and essential oil contents and TPC of 5.95%, 2.95% and 1.1 x 102 CFU/g, respectively. This process is expected to generate high quality of white pepper in a short soaking time.

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PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG KOMPOSIT PISANG GOROHO (Musa acuminate) DAN UBI JALAR KUNING (Ipomoea batatas. L) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN CRUST PIE

Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian (Agricultural Technology Journal ◽

10.35791/jteta.10.2.2019.29118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nizar Ria ◽

Dekie Rawung ◽

Erny J. N. Nurali

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Sensory Quality ◽

Ash Content ◽

Composite Flour ◽

A Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sweet Potato Flour ◽

Completely Randomized Design

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to analyze the composition and sensory quality of the crust pie made of composite flour of goroho and yellow sweet potato. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 different composition ratio of goroho plantain flour to yellow sweet potato flour, i.e., A (80% : 20%), B (70%: 30%), C (60%: 40%), and D (50% : 50%). The results of the study showed that the chemical composition of pie crust were in a range of 2.87% - 4.74% for moisture content, 2.66% - 2.72% for ash content, 32.10% - 32.95% for fat content, 5.90% - 6.06% for protein content, 3.76% - 4.77% for crude fiber, and 50.04% - 55.50% for carbohydrates content. The pie crust made from composite flour 50% goroho : 50% yellow sweet potato was the most preferred by panelists in terms of color, aroma, taste and texture with a value of 3.89 (like).Keywords: pie crust, composite flour, goroho plantain, sweet potato

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Tepung ubi kayu (manihot esculenta) dan tepung tempe kedelai mempengaruhi pengembangan volume dan mutu gizi protein roti tawar

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.4.1.55-62 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62

Author(s):

Nanik Hamidah ◽

Anang M Legowo ◽

Syaiful Anwar

Keyword(s):

Wheat Flour ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Composite Flour ◽

White Bread ◽

Cassava Flour ◽

Modification Process ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Volume Characteristics

Backround: Bread was a carbohydrate source’s food, was made from wheat flour. Cassava flour as substitution for wheat flour by modification process used physic method (boiling) to obtain resitant starch. Collaboration cassava flourwith tempeh flour to add protein velue. The research for attest substitution wheat flour with cassava flour and tempeh flour influence to volume characteristics and quality of protein nutrient for white breadMethods:The research methods used exsperiment with completely randomized design which consists of 5 treatment with 4 replications. Cassava flour was processed by modification used physical methods (boiling).Proportion for tempeh and cassava flour 0%, 6%, 12%, 18%, 24% combinated by tempeh flour proportion 3:1. Dependent variabel were size of volume white bread, quality of protein nutrient. Data Analysis used Anova. Result:The result of those research were found that the best chararacteristic from white bread was treatment 6%. Size of volume 3,15ml/g was size volume bread from composite flour ingredient. Quality of nutrient for protein consist of protein content increased from 6,15% to 8,76%, protein digestibility increased from 11,7% to 13,83%was compared for treatment 0%. Conclusion: Substitution wheat flour with cassava flour and tempeh flour influence white bread organoteptic (texture, colour (crumb, crust), taste), size of quality of nutrient protein.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF SORGUM MUFFIN (Sorghum bicolor) OF KD 4 VARIETY WITH SOAKING GRAIN AND SORGUM FLOUR CONCENTRATION TREATMENT

Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian ◽

10.21082/jpasca.v18n1.2021.37-44 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Ita Yustina ◽

Ana Nurhasanah ◽

SS. Antarlina

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Sorghum Flour ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sorghum Grains ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

By processing sorghum grains into flour, the use of sorghum grains to support food diversification can be made more varied. The research objective was to determine the physical and chemical properties of sorghum muffins and changes of physical properties of sorghum muffins during storage. The research uses a completely randomized design with two factor, grain soaking duration (hours) and ratio of concentration of whole sorghum flours with gluten flour (%) and consists of nine treatments combination. The result shows that treatment has a significant effect on the power expansion, degree of brightness, fat, and preference for organoleptic properties. The best treatment was 24-hours of soaking, 25% whole sorghum flour, 75% gluten flour that produces expanded power at 138,83%, degree of brightness (L) at 67.03, redness (a) at +4.33, yellowness (b) at +27.37, water content of 12.59%, protein content of 6.95%, fat content of 2.46%, score of color at 3.20, texture score at 3.13, aroma score at 3.16, taste score at 3.24, and for overall acceptance at 3.53 (like). Changes of physical properties of sorghum muffins during storage for 3 days can be explained with the linear equation. For all parameter (weight loss, volume loss, brightness loss), the value of constant a in the equation of sorghum muffin was lower than control muffin that indicated quality loss of sorghum muffins is higher than control muffin. Increasing the concentration of sorghum flour resulted a decrease in the quality of the muffins. The soaking treatment of the seeds in making sorghum flour can maintain the quality of the muffin.

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Optimasi Produksi Virgin Coconut Oil dengan Metode Direct Micro Expelling [Production Optimization of Virgin Coconut Oil by Direct Micro Expelling Method]

Buletin Palma ◽

10.21082/bp.v20n2.2019.91-99 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Adhitya Yudha Pradhana ◽

Ismail Maskromo ◽

Nugroho Utomo ◽

Engelbert Manaroinsong ◽

Steivie Karouw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Production Optimization ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Quality Requirements ◽

A Value ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) production with dry extraction oils such as copra is time consuming and resulting in quality. The purpose of this study was to optimize the production of VCO using the Direct Micro Expelling-Flat Bed Dried (DME-FBD) method. This research was carried out at the Indonesian Palm Crops Research Institute (IPCRI) on January - March 2019 in the coconut processing unit of the postharvest laboratory using two coconut varieties, namely Mapanget Tall (MTT) and Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), each with 10, 11, and 12 months harvest period. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 repetition. The results showed that the yield of VCO oil from coconut 11 months old of MTT was 18.39% (16 nuts/L VCO) with optimum DME-FBD temperature of approximately 40-88°C on plate and 36–72°C on grated coconut meat. VCO obtained from MTT coconut has a quality of 0.07% water content, free fatty acid 0,0017%, fresh aroma coconut, non-rancid with a value of 4.50, a distinctive of coconut oil taste of 4.10, and clear color of 4.30 accordingly with SNI 7381: 2008 and export quality requirements of APCC. Almost the same quality was obtained from SGD coconut with 11 months of harvest with a water content of 0.06%, free fatty acids 0.0018%, a fresh aroma of coconut with a value of 4.30, a distinctive of coconut oil taste of 4.00, and clear color 4.10.ABSTRAKProduksi Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dengan ekstraksi kering seperti kopra membutuhkan waktu lama dan metode yang digunakan kurang optimal. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan optimasi produksi VCO dengan menggunakan metode Direct Micro Expelling-Flat Bed Dried (DME-FBD). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2019 di unit pengolahan kelapa laboratorium pascapanen, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma menggunakan dua varietas kelapa, yaitu kelapa Dalam Mapanget (DMT) dan kelapa Genjah Salak (GSK), masing-masing dengan umur panen 10, 11, dan 12 bulan. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen minyak VCO tertinggi dari kelapa DMT umur 11 bulan, sebesar 18,39% (16 butir/L VCO) dengan suhu optimum sekitar 40-88°C di pelat dan 35-72°C pada kelapa parut, sedangkan rendemen VCO kelapa GSK umur 11 bulan sebesar 16,38%, tetapi dengan jumlah buah 26 butir untuk mendapatkan 1 liter VCO, dengan suhu optimum sekitar 42-94°C di pelat dan 36-72°C pada kelapa parut. VCO yang diperoleh dari kelapa DMT mempunyai kualitas kadar air 0,07%, asam lemak bebas 0,0017%, aroma khas kelapa segar, tidak tengik dengan nilai 4,50, rasa normal, khas minyak kelapa 4,10, dan warna jernih 4,30 yang sesuai dengan SNI 7381:2008 dan syarat mutu ekspor APCC. Kualitas yang hampir sama diperoleh dari kelapa GSK dengan umur panen 11 bulan dihasilkan kadar air 0,06%, asam lemak bebas 0,0018%, aroma segar khas kelapa, tidak tengik dengan nilai 4,30, rasa khas minyak kelapa 4,00, dan warna jernih 4,10.

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Perubahan Suhu, pH, Protein Kasar, dan Serat Kasar pada Fermentasi Biji Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) dan Tepung Jagung dengan Level Jamur Trichoderma viride yang Berbeda

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v5i3.4766 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

Catur Suci Purwati ◽

Danang Riyadi

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plastic Bag ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Ph Increase

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui proses fermentasi yang tepat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas protein kasar dan serat kasar pada biji kecipir dan menentukan level terbaik penambahan jamur Trichoderma viride yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas protein kasar dan serat kasar pada biji kecipir sehingga mampu meningkatkan kualitas dan tingkat kecernaan. Produk yang akan dihasilkan pada penelitian ini adalah alaternatif pakan fermentasi biji kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) untuk peternak unggas. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan yaitu P0 = biji kecipir dengan 10% tepung jagung tanpa fermentasi; P1 = Biji kecipir dengan 10% tepung jagung + 0,1% jamur Trichoderma viride (Tv); P2 = biji kecipir dengan 10% tepung jagung + 0,2% Tv; dan P3 = biji kecipir dengan 10% tepung jagung + 0,3% Tv. Materi yang digunakan adalah biji kecipir yang dihaluskan digunakan sebagai substrat dan dihomogenkan dengan cara diaduk. Masing-masing sampel perlakukan ditimbang sebanyak 100 g, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik dengan ketebalan 2 cm dan dilubangi agar tercipta suasana aerob. Selanjutnya diinkubasikan dalam ruang fermentor pada suhu 30oC selama 7 hari. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Peubah yang diamati pH, suhu, protein kasar dan serat kasar. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi perubahan suhu, penurunan pH, serta kenaikan pada protein kasar dan penurunan serat kasar.Kata kunci: biji kecipir, Trichoderma viride, pH, suhu, protein, serat kasar ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the proper fermentation process used to improve the quality of crude protein and crude fiber in winged beans and the best level of addition of Trichoderma viride fungus which could improve the quality of crude protein and crude fiber in winged beans to improve feed quality and digestibility. The result product of this study is an alternative fermented winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) feed for poultry farmers. This study utilized completely randomized design with four treatments. P0 = Unfermented winged beans with cornstarch, P1 = winged beans with 10% cornstarch + 0,1% Trichoderma viride fungus (Tv), P2 = winged beans with 10% cornstarch + 0,2% Tv, P3 = winged beans with 10% cornstarch + 0,3% Tv. The material used were powdered winged beans as substrate then homogenized by stirring. Each sample was weighed 100 g, then put into a plastic bag with a 2 cm thickness and perforated to create an aerobic atmosphere. Subsequently, the sample was incubated in a fermenter room at 30oC for 7 days. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. Variables observed for pH, temperature, crude protein, and crude fiber. The result of this study concluded that there were change in temperature, decrease in pH, increase in crude protein, and decrease in crude fiber.Keywords: winged beans, Trichoderma viride, pH, temperature, protein, crude fiber

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Technological Quality of Dual-purpose Wheat Submitted to Successive Defoliations

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n1p95 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Giselle R. Rodolfo ◽

Clovis A. Souza ◽

Luiz C. Gutkoski ◽

Deivid L. V. Stefen

Keyword(s):

Wheat Flour ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Grain Production ◽

Falling Number ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Technological Quality ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Cutting Height

Defoliation may interfere in the sink-source relationship and influence grain production and the respective technological quality of wheat flour, particularly in cultivars with potential as forage and in subsequent grain production. This study aimed to determine the effects of plant cutting heights and number of cuttings on the technological wheat flour quality of BRS Umbu and BRS Tarumã cultivars. A completely randomized design with four repetitions was used and treatments consisted of a combination of cutting heights (20 and 30 cm) and number of cuttings (no cutting, 1, 2 and 3 cuttings), resulting in the following treatments: 20/1, 20/2, 20/3 30/1, 30/2, 30/3 and controls with no cuttings. Hectoliter weight, grain crude protein, tenacity: extensibility ratio, gluten strength, falling number and wet gluten were measured. Regardless of the cutting height used, and after defoliation, the variables exhibited higher values than in non-defoliated plants, with protein content increasing by 6 and 11.3% for the BRS Tarumã and BRS Umbu cultivars, respectively. As such, it can be inferred that defoliation does not negatively affect the technological quality of wheat flour grown in a dual-purpose system.

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