Shorter Lives with Poor Health: The Toll on Spain’s Less Educated Population

Perspectives Demogràfiques ◽

10.46710/ced.pd.eng.24 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Amand Blanes ◽

Sergi Trias-Llimós

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Educational Level ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Inequalities In Health ◽

The Social ◽

Low Levels ◽

Health And Mortality ◽

High Educational

More than three years separate life expectancy at the age of 30 in more educated groups compared with those with low levels of education. Recent decades have seen considerable advances in the longevity of the Spanish population but these improvements mask the persistence of significant inequalities in health and mortality. Socioeconomic level is a discriminating factor in the health status of individuals throughout their lives and education is one of the most frequently used indicators in studies on social inequalities in health and mortality. In addition to being an indirect variable of the socioeconomic situation, educational level largely conditions the lifestyles and health preferences of individuals as well as their use of the resources of the social and healthcare system. In this issue of Perspectives Demogràfiques, we discuss the present-day differences in health and mortality in Spain according to educational level. These inequalities can be summarised as a threefold penalisation of less educated individuals in comparison with those with a high educational level: a) lower life expectancy; b) greater inequality in age at death; and c) a smaller proportion of years with quality of life.

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Phonological distortion as a humorous strategy in Folarin Falana’s comedy skits

European Journal of Humour Research ◽

10.7592/ejhr2018.6.4.adesoye ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronke Eunice Adesoye

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methods ◽

Educational Level ◽

Language Use ◽

Entertainment Industry ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Social Functions ◽

Phonological Processes ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

High Educational

Various studies exist on the social functions of humour and such studies have been carried out in diverse fields that range from the humanities to the sciences. In linguistics specifically, research shows that humour has been studied from the perspectives of syntax, pragmatics and semantics; moreover, there is a dearth of studies on the creation of humour through phonological processes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate humour and how it is achieved using phonological processes. The study engages mainly qualitative methods of analysis. Five comedy skits were purposively selected from Folarin Falana’s (Falz the Bahd Guy) eleven collections. These were chosen on the basis of their internet popularity among Nigerians; this popularity was determined on the basis of the rates of downloading the skits. McGraw & Warren’s (2010) Benign Violation Theory was used to account for the phonological violations in the comedies. The various phonological processes that were violated include liaison, deletion, insertion, monophthongisation, coalescence and vowel strengthening. It is argued that the phonological distortions are deliberately made to achieve humour in these Nigerian comedies, especially when the high educational level of the artist is considered. Also, there anti-Anglicism and pro-Nigerianism in the data as the artist identifies himself with Nigeria(ns) and creates a niche for himself in the entertainment industry using the phonological peculiarities among Nigerians’ language use, especially the Yoruba tribe. He also creates different personalities to project different messages which are not only peculiar to Nigeria but to the world, using these personalities to portray people’s feelings and views of the world and how these influence their attitudes.

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Nursing care and outcome in surgical patients – why do we have to care?

Innovative Surgical Sciences ◽

10.1515/iss-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 139-143

Author(s):

Nadja Nestler

Keyword(s):

Nursing Staff ◽

Educational Level ◽

Close Contact ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Highly Educated ◽

Lengths Of Stay ◽

High Educational ◽

Quality Of Nursing

AbstractNurses have an important role in patient care. They continuously work in very close contact with patients and foster the realization of activities of daily living as well as ensure quality medical treatment. For both, a high educational level is needed. A large proportion of patients with complex health situations involving chronic illnesses and multimorbidities are treated in hospitals with shortened hospital lengths of stay, changing the caring needs and the demands on nursing. Nurses must handle complex nursing tasks for which a higher educational level is indispensable, including the ability to implement evidence-based practice. In addition, studies show a correlation between the educational level of nursing staff and the health outcomes of patients. If there are too few highly educated nurses, there is an increase in patient mortality as well as the risk of patient complications, such as falls. Also, a low number of nursing staff and a high proportion of admissions decrease the quality of nursing and result in unfavorable patient outcomes. Both developments call for the necessity of a changing nursing practice and the possibilities to transform interprofessional work.

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The mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between social factors and DNA methylation

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

A Maugeri ◽

M Barchitta ◽

G Favara ◽

C La Mastra ◽

MC La Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Educational Level ◽

Methylation Level ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Age Related ◽

High Educational

Abstract Background Social disadvantage and unhealthy lifestyles may induce molecular changes associated with aging and age-related diseases. For instance, previous studies reported socioeconomic difference in DNA methylation, which in turn led to aberrant gene expression and genome instability. Socioeconomic status (SES) alone, however, does not completely explain this difference, and further studies are needed to unveil what factors contribute to it. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 349 Italian women, aged 25-64 years, to assess SES differences in LINE-1 methylation level - a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation - and to examine the mediating effect of lifestyles (i.e. diet, smoking habits, physical activity, and weight status). Educational level was used as SES indicator. The adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Leukocyte LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for the SPSS software. Results We first observed that women with high educational level were more likely to be normal weight (p < 0.001) and to adhere to MD (p = 0.018), and less likely to perform physical activity (p = 0.012) than their less educated counterpart. Moreover, age-adjusted linear regression demonstrated that LINE-1 methylation level increased with increasing educational level (β = 0.016; SE = 0.003; p < 0.001). In line, mediation analysis demonstrated an indirect effect of high educational level on LINE-1 methylation through the adherence to MD (β = 0.003; 95%CI=0.001-0.006). Specifically, the mediator could account for 9.5% of the total effect. None of the other lifestyles, instead, exhibited a significant mediating effect. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the mediation of diet in the relationship between SES and DNA methylation. Thus, our findings add even more value to the promotion of healthy dietary habits among social disadvantaged people. Key messages Social disadvantage is associated with epigenetic changes related to aging and age-related diseases. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet might mediate the association between socioeconomic status and DNA methylation.

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Pregnant women and risk factors: a cross-sectional study

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

V L a Fauci ◽

R Squeri ◽

C Genovese ◽

V Alessi ◽

A Facciolà

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Health Education ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Educational Level ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Educational

Abstract Background Many investigations have shown the important role played by risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol in the development of congenital anomalies. Methods Through the administration of an hoc questionnaire, we evaluated the attitude towards smoking and alcohol of a sample of 200 pregnant women at the University Hospital of Messina. The questionnaire was structured to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, type of gynaecological assistance and their lifestyles (smoking and alcohol). Statistical analysis was performed using version 10 of StatSoftVR software. Results 14% of the women continued to smoke despite pregnancy; the majority of these were young adults, divorced, employed and with a high educational level. Correlating the smoking habit with the socio-demographic characteristics of the studied women, we found a statistically significant difference for the marital status, with a higher number of smokers among the single women (p < 0.05).Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference also for the profession with a higher number of smokers in the worker women (p < 0.05). About the drinking habit, the 4.3% declared to be moderate drinkers (occasional use of alcohol equal to 2-3 glasses a week) despite pregnancy, the 34.4% stated they do not drink alcohol during pregnancy and the 56% stated do not usually drink alcohol. Particularly, about the drinkers' socio-demographic characteristics, the 50% of them were 24-25 years old and the 75% were married. About the type of alcoholic beverages consumed, 86% stated they usually drink bier during the weekend. Conclusions Our study shows that the awareness of the women about the importance of these risk factors is still rather poor. In order to improve the awareness of pregnant women on the importance of avoiding these risk factors and prevent CAs, health education campaigns at various levels surely represent the public health cornerstone. Key messages In our sample 14% of the pregnant women continued to smoke and 4.3% to drink despite pregnancy and they generally were young or young adults and with a high educational level. Our results highlight the importance of continuous health education about the risk to smoke and drink during pregnancy.

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Diseguaglianze sociali di salute: lo stigma

SALUTE E SOCIETÀ ◽

10.3280/ses2011-003008 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 114-134

Author(s):

Cristina Lonardi

Keyword(s):

Social Inequalities ◽

Social Inequalities In Health ◽

Inequalities In Health ◽

The Social ◽

Related Stigma ◽

Health Related

This essay offers a reading of the social inequalities in health through the Health Related Stigma perspective, explaining its different meanings and its deeper implications in the lives of those affected by stigma.

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Prevalence of low back pain in different educational levels: a systematic review

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ar04 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 351-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Apolinário de Souza Batista ◽

Nicholas Henschke ◽

Vinícius Cunha Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Educational Level ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Low Back ◽

Educational Levels ◽

Educational Differences ◽

High Educational

Abstract Introduction: Non-specific low back pain (LBP) can be understood through the interaction of biopsychosocial factors such as education. Unfortunately, it remains unclear whether education can be considered an important risk and prognostic factor for the occurrence of LBP. Objective: To investigate the association between education and LBP. Methods: The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED and PsyINFO. Results: Thirteen studies were included in the review. The Prevalence Critical Appraisal Instrument (PCAI) was used to assess risk of bias. Methodological quality scores ranged from 7 to 10 on a scale of 0-10. There was a 23% (95% CI, 13-37) prevalence of LBP (10,582 out of a total of 99,457 cases) in the general sample at the time of assessment. The meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of LBP in people with low, medium or high educational level found the following results, respectively: 24% (95% CI, 12-43), 27% (95% CI, 9-56), and 18% (95% CI, 5-50). The meta-regression identified heterogeneity among the studies included in the review. This can be explained by educational differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Occurrence of LBP varies according to educational level. Individuals with higher educational levels are less often affected by LBP than individuals with medium or low educational levels.

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Validation of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-Long Version II (COPSOQ II) in Greek employees

EMBnet journal ◽

10.14806/ej.26.1.977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. e977

Author(s):

Eleni Zigkiri ◽

Maria Charalampopoulou ◽

Anastasia Kokka ◽

Flora Bacopoulou ◽

Christina Darviri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychosocial Risk ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Second Phase ◽

Greek Language ◽

Entire Study ◽

Care Services ◽

The Social ◽

Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire ◽

Two Phases ◽

High Educational

The aim of this study was to validate the long second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II) in the Greek language. The study was carried out in two phases following a mixed-method design. Six hundred and fifty-two Greek employees (response rate 93.3%) responded in the second phase of the study, either online or in writing. Both types of participation to the study were confidential for the participants and the companies as well. Most participants were females (68.1%), married (47.4%), aged 30-49 years (60.9%), with high educational level (60.4%). The majority were occupied in the health and the social care services (37.4%) and employed by the private sector (63.2%). Internal consistency of the GR-COPSOQ II was assessed with the Cronbach alpha criterion (Cronbach’s a) and it was acceptable (0.8>α>0.7) for most of the scales. Mean scores were high in many scales that describe exposure to psychosocial risk factors at the workplace. Construct validity was established by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) for the entire study sample and scales. In conclusion, the Greek version of the COPSOQ-II (GR-COPSOQ II) has good psychometric properties and can be recommended as a valid tool for the assessment of psychosocial risk in Greek employees.

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NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MOROCCAN NUTRITIONAL TRANSITION: THE ROLE OF PARENTAL EDUCATION

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932011000757 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 481-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

PILAR MONTERO LÓPEZ ◽

KARIM ANZID ◽

MOHAMED CHERKAOUI ◽

ABDELLATIF BAALI ◽

SANTIAGO RODRIGUEZ LOPEZ

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Educational Level ◽

Parental Education ◽

Educational Background ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Nutritional Transition ◽

Lower Height ◽

High Educational

SummaryIn Morocco, the beginning of the nutritional transition is closely linked to social and economic transformations and changes in behaviour and traditional lifestyles. The objective of this study is to describe the current pattern of food consumption and the nutritional status of adolescents in the province of Ouarzazate and its association with parents' educational level. The sample comprises 327 high school students from Ouarzazate: 135 (41.3%) boys and 192 (58.7%) girls (age range 15–20 years). For both boys and girls, the results show lower height and BMI z-scores than the WHO reference values. Adolescents whose parents have a low educational level have lower height/age and BMI/age z-scores than those whose fathers have a high educational level. No differences are observed in total daily energy intake depending on fathers' educational level, but the energy provided by lipids is higher in adolescents whose fathers have a high educational background. The quality of fats consumed (MUFA+PUFA/SFA) is better among those boys whose fathers have low education, but no differences are observed for girls. The process of nutritional transition is not uniform in the sample, but depends on the socioeconomic characteristics of population groups, which include, among others, accessibility of certain food, differences in habits and lifestyles related to energy expenditure, and higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in more favoured groups.

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KARAKTERISTIK, MOTIVASI DAN NIAT WISATAWAN SURFING DI PANTAI KECAMATAN KUTA UTARA

Jurnal IPTA ◽

10.24843/ipta.2017.v05.i01.p13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Ni Putu Windy Pramita ◽

I Wayan Suardana ◽

Luh Gede Leli Kusuma Dewi

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

Sandy Beach ◽

Male Gender ◽

Tourist Attraction ◽

Probability Level ◽

Literature Study ◽

The Social ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Push And Pull

Black sandy beach tourist attraction of Kuta Northen region that is Batu Bolong beach and Batu Mejan beach which has potential a beautifull oncean, sunset, sunbathing and surfingthe purpose of this study was to determinethe characteristics, motivasi, and intentions rating surfing at Kuta Northen beach. The method used observation, questionnaires, interviews, literature study, and documentation. 213 respondens rating surfing with quantitative descriptive and regression linier analisys. The result obtained in this study are based on age characteristics surfing travelers will see the most travelers age between 18-29 years, male gender, country of origin Australia, and is a businessman, a master degree educational level, and marital status is not married. Surfing tourist motivation using push and pull factor with the highest scores on the social interaction. And Intention surfing tourist with the highest score there is positive world of mouth with Variabel tourist have the effect of 13,20% with a probability level of sig. 0,000, the motivation positive and significant efeect on the intention tourist but in small quantities. Therefore to improve the intention tourist come to the beach district of north kuta from the motivation pull and push should also improve the quality of beaches such as keeping the beach becomes the most importans thing that will directly make tourist feel comfortable. advice for managers is to add a lifeguard to keep the beach.

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