scholarly journals Maintaining The Status of Hydration on Mr. G With Pneumonia in Fatmawati Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Aat Djanatunisah ◽  
Riri Maria
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Nursing Assessment ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Airway Clearance ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Adequate Hydration ◽  
The Status

Pneumonia is a health problem in the world with a high mortality rate both in developing countries and in developed countries such as America, Canada and European countries. In Indonesia, the number three cause of death after cardiovascular disease and tuberculosis. Low socioeconomic factors increase mortality. This infection is generally spread from someone who is exposed in the neighborhood or has direct contact with infected people through their hands or by breathing air (droplets) due to coughing or sneezing. In the pandemic era, pneumonia is very feared because it is related to respiratory diseases which are becoming a trend and issue, so it requires special treatment in this case. This case report aims to improve the provision of nursing care for pneumonia patients to mantaining hydration status with airway clearance problems. Nursing assessment of pneumonia patients was carried out on September 13, 2020, a 52-year-old man who has a history of DM and smoking comes with complaints of coughing but no phlegm, fever since one week ago has disappeared, the patient has diarrhea since 2 days before entering the house pain and stomach pain, the patient also has nausea and vomiting and has no appetite. Nursing intervention for 3 days in accordance with the established outcome criteria. From the nursing intervension carried out, the problem of clearing the airway was resolved, marked by no coughing, normal breathing, no ronchi, moist mucosa and no cyanosis. Nursing intervention to maintaining the patient's adequate hydration status can overcome the problem of ineffective airway clearance. Keywords: Pneumonia, Airway Clearance, Hydration Status

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

A critical scenario analysis of end-of-life ship disposal

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Cairns
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ship Breaking ◽  
Future Status

Purpose – This paper aims to critically engage with the premise of development at the “bottom of the pyramid” through consideration of the current and potential future status of the workers who dismantle end-of-life ships in the breaking yards of “less developed countries”, here with specific reference to the dynamic situation in Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies “critical scenario method” (CSM) to explore different possible and plausible futures for the ship-breaking industry globally and locally. Findings – The paper argues that the status of the workers in the ship-breaking industry of Bangladesh can be conceptualised as firmly set at the “bottom of the pyramid”, and that, for most if not all, this situation cannot be changed within any industry future without wider, radical change to socioeconomic and political structures both in the country and globally. Originality/value – This paper offers a contribution to the discourse on consumption at the “bottom of the pyramid” as a development process.

scholarly journals Megaproject Management Research: The Status Quo and Future Directions

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hongping Yuan ◽  
Wenbo Du ◽  
Zeyu Wang ◽  
Xiangnan Song
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Systematic Examination ◽  
The Status

Megaproject practices worldwide have triggered increasing research in megaproject management issues and led to an increasing number of papers being published during the last decade. However, it is demonstrated by the literature that there is no systematic examination on research development in the discipline of megaproject management, and consequently it is very difficult for scholars to quickly understand and grasp the research trend. Therefore, a research question naturally comes out, i.e., what is the status quo of megaproject management research and what are the research directions worthy of further investigation? This study aims to answer the question by conducting a systematic examination of the research development in the discipline of megaproject management. A total of 117 relevant articles, identified from six major international journals between 2009 and 2021, were analyzed based on the number of papers published annually, main author contributions, citations, categorization of the research methods and data analysis methods adopted, and research topics covered. The results indicated that developed countries, such as Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, have enjoyed significant advantages in terms of megaproject management research. It also revealed that more sophisticated views and theory have been used effectively, rather than only basic qualitative methods, in a number of studies on megaproject management. Future studies on megaproject management will be led globally, where megaprojects will remain designed and built to better built environments. In addition, continuous in-depth research on related topics can promote innovation in megaproject management to achieve sustainable megaproject development. Megaproject management will continue to be a hot research topic in the future; in particular, megaproject investment and finance management have emerged as new challenging topics. The findings can be valuable for both industry practitioners and researchers to gain deeper understanding of the current status and future directions of megaproject management research.

scholarly journals COMPARING VITAMIN D STATUS IN CENTRAL ASIA AND NORTHERN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
William B. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Status ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Tract Infections

Over the past two decades, the understanding of the roles of vitamin D has expanded to include many nonskeletal effects such as reduced risk of acute respiratory tract infections, autoimmune diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. The role of vitamin D for optimal health is well known in Western developed countries but less so in Central Asian countries. This narrative review compares the status of vitamin D between Central Asian countries and Northern European countries. The analysis also summarizes the evidence for the beneficial effects of vitamin D and recommendations for Central Asian countries.

scholarly journals Comparison of Rapid Hydration and Standard Hydration Prior to Ifosfamide Administration in Pediatric Patients: A Safety and Efficacy Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Aubrie Eaton ◽  
Tosha Egelund ◽  
John Ng
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Time To Initiation ◽  
Adequate Hydration ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Chemotherapy Initiation

OBJECTIVES Adequate hydration status prior to chemotherapy initiation prevents nephrotoxicity in patients receiving potentially nephrotoxic regimens. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time to initiation of ifosfamide administration between patients receiving standard 6-hour pre-hydration versus 1-hour rapid pre-hydration. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to determine the primary endpoint of time to ifosfamide administration. Patients 1 to 21 years of age who received ifosfamide with standard 6-hour pre-hydration (125 mL/m2/hr for 6 hours) between September 2017 and January 2018 or 1-hour rapid pre-hydration (750 mL/m2/hr for 1 hour) between September 2018 and March 2019 were included. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis, incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), urine specific gravity, amount of time that ifosfamide was delayed from the originally scheduled administration time, the number of times ifosfamide was delayed greater than 4 hours from the originally scheduled administration time, and length of stay. RESULTS A total of 128 patients were included; 68 patients received standard 6-hour pre-hydration and 60 patients received 1-hour rapid pre-hydration prior to ifosfamide administration. Time to ifosfamide administration was reduced from an average of 9.3 hours to 2.4 hours (p < 0.0001). There was no incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis or AKI in either group. CONCLUSIONS The 1-hour rapid pre-hydration protocol significantly reduced the time to ifosfamide administration without an increase in adverse effects.

The Current and forecasted Status of Type 2 Diabetes in the Arab Society of Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelnaser Zalan ◽  
Ahmad Sheikh-Muhammad ◽  
Mohammad Khatib ◽  
Rajech Sharkia
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Related

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the main causes of mortality, morbidity, and health care expenditures. Effectively treating this disease is of crucial importance and imposes a global challenge. The incidence of Type 2 DM (T2DM) is rapidly rising in both developing and developed countries. The Arab community in Israel is a distinct ethnic group with unique characteristics. Recently, this community has undergone major changes in its lifestyle, adopting the Westernized one, which could have caused an increase in the T2DM incidence rate. Objective: This review aims to shed light on various studies undertaken to explore the prevalence of diabetes and determine its current status in the Arab society of Israel, resting on previous and current data. It is presented to highlight the status of diabetes globally and to focus on its current situation in the Arab society of Israel, attempting to forecast its direction in the upcoming decade. Methods: Data were obtained from our previous comprehensive socio-economic and health cross-sectional surveys for successive periods from 2004 to 2017. These surveys were conducted on the Arab society of Israel by the Galilee Society. Results: Our results showed a progressive increase in the prevalence of T2DM from 3.4% to 7.6% in the Arab society of Israel. This trend is expected to continue rising in the coming decade, and based on our predictions, may exceed 12% in 2030. Conclusion: Substantial and practical health-related actions must be initiated to prevent an increasing number of adults from developing diabetes and its complications.

STOCHASTIC TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF COVID-19 WITHIN A DENSITY DEPENDENT POPULATION

10.33003/659 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-573
Author(s):  
Lubem M. Kwaghkor ◽  
Stephen E. Onah ◽  
Ibrahim G. Basi ◽  
Theophilus Danjuma
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Exponential Distribution ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Population Sizes

Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease. Most infected people are known to develop mild to moderate symptoms and recover without requiring special treatment except for those who have underlying medical conditions and the elderly have a higher risk of developing severe disease. This research is aimed at studying the probable spread of the COVID-19 virus within a completely susceptible density-dependent population using a modified exponential distribution function. The modified exponential distribution function was extended to include the Basic Reproduction Number which was computed using the Nigerian COVID-19 index cases from 27th February to 18th April, 2020 to be. Various interesting results were obtained for the including the time period for the spread for different population sizes. The duration of the spread of the virus is from 4 to 7 hours with an average of 5.5 hours. This indicates that, for one infectious person with  to enter a completely susceptible population of size , the virus can spread through the entire population in about  hours if no control measures are in place.

Population Changes: Magnitude, Mobility, and Disease Transfer

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Cliff ◽  
M.R. Smallman-Raynor ◽  
P. Haggett ◽  
D.F. Stroup ◽  
S.B. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Great Transition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sailing Ship ◽  
Early Human

The human population of the earth took the whole of its existence until 1800 to build to 1 billion. By 2000 it had exceeded 6 billion, more than doubling in the twentieth century alone. In 1800, the time taken to navigate the globe by sailing ship was about a year. Today, no two cities served by commercial aircraft are more than a couple of days apart. Since this is less than most disease incubation times, infected people can travel undetected—a concern noted from the early days of commercial air travel. Within developed countries, the rate of individual circulation (in terms of average distances travelled) has increased 1,000-fold in the last 200 years. While the processes of population growth and geographical churn have been at work for the whole of human history, it is in the last two centuries that the momentum of change has gathered increasing pace. As described in Section 2.1, McMichael (2004) recognizes four separate stages. (i) Early human settlements from c.5,000 to c.10,000 years ago enabled enzootic pathogens to enter Homo sapiens populations. Some of these encounters led to the emergence of many of today’s textbook infections: influenza, tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid, smallpox, measles, malaria, and many others. (ii) Eurasian military and commercial contacts c.1,500 to c.3,000 years ago with swapping of dominant infections between the Mediterranean and Chinese civilizations. As described in Section 2.2, the plagues and pestilences of classical Greece and Rome date from this period. (iii) European exploration and imperialism from c.1500 with the transoceanic spread of often lethal infectious diseases. The impact on the Americas, on Australasia, and on remote island populations is well known; ships’ crews and passengers were the devastating vectors. (iv) The fourth great transition is today’s globalization, acting through demographic change and accelerating levels of contacts between the different parts of the world to facilitate disease emergence, re-emergence, and spatial transfer. Global warming, the destabilization of environments, the unparalleled movement of peoples rapidly across the globe through air transport, are all part of an evolving host–microbe relationship (cf. Section 1.3.1).

An Overview of E-Government Technological Divide in Developing Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 365-379
Author(s):  
Rafiat A. Oyekunle ◽  
H. B. Akanbi-Ademolake
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ict Literacy ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Content Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
Workforce Capacity ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
And Training

This chapter presents an overview of e-Government technological divide in developing countries. Technological divide here does not consist simply of telecommunications and computer equipment (i.e. ICTs), but it is also e-Readiness (i.e. the available capacity as indicated by workforce capacity to build, deploy, and maintain ICT infrastructure), ICT literacy (using digital technology, communication tools, and/or networks appropriately to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, and create information), e-Inclusion and/or e-Exclusion (i.e. no one is left behind in enjoying the benefits of ICT), etc., which are factors also necessary in order for people to be able to use and benefit from e-Government applications. Most of the currently published works on e-Government strategies are based on successful experiences from developed countries, which may not be directly applicable to developing countries. Based on a literature review, this chapter reveals the status of e-Government technological divide in developing countries and also underscores the challenges associated with e-Government in developing countries, thus bringing to the limelight the factors that influence the growth of the technological divide and different approaches that have been put in place to overcome the divide. In conclusion, this chapter advocates education and training, local content development, enhancing network infrastructure, and capacity building, among others, as ways of bridging the divide.

scholarly journals Adaptation and Validation of the Hydration Status Questionnaire in a Spanish Adolescent-Young Population: A Cross Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Laja García ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken ◽  
Teresa Partearroyo ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Adequate Hydration ◽  
Total Body

The achievement of adequate hydration status is essential for mental and physical performance and for health in general, especially in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known about hydration status of this population, mainly due to the limited availability of research tools; thus, the objective of the current study was to adapt and validate our hydration status questionnaire in a Spanish adolescent-young population. The questionnaire was validated against important hydration markers: urine colour, urine specific gravity, haemoglobin, haematocrit and total body water and involved 128 subjects aged between 12–17 years. Water intake was also estimated through a three-day dietary record and physical activity was assessed through accelerometers. Participants completed the questionnaire twice. Water balance and water intake were correlated with urine specific gravity and with total body water content. Water intake obtained by the questionnaire was correlated with results from the three-day dietary record. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated moderate concordance between both recordings and the Cronbach’s alpha revealed high consistency. The Bland and Altman method indicated that the limits of agreement were acceptable to reveal the reliability of the estimated measures. In conclusion, this is the first time that a questionnaire is valid and reliable to estimate hydration status of adolescent-young populations.

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