scholarly journals Comparative Study on Anumana and Inference of Hindu and Western Philosophy

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Nikhil Dongol
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
The West ◽  
The World

Philosophy is called darsanas in Sanskrit language. Hindu Philosophy is the group of darsanas that emerged in ancient Indian sub-continent which also includes present Nepal. It dates back as much earlier than the western philosophy. It includes two philosophies: Astika and Nastika. Astika includes 6 systems: Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. Among them, Nyaya deals with logic and reasoning. According to Nyaya Philosophy, there are four means of valid reasoning (pramana) that, according to it, help one to release from suffering. They are: Perception, Inference (Anumana), Comparison and Testimony. Among them, this paper is going to illustrate on Anumana and Inference of two Philosophies and its types and kinds. It denotes the early civilizations and helps to identify how logic was developed in East as well as in the West. And it helps to distinguish how the conclusion was made on these two parts of the world. However, this article is limited to anumana of Nyaya philosophy while other 5 systems of Astika also contain anumana.

Whither Philosophy in Africa?

1998 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Moses Akin Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
African Continent ◽  
World Congress ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Work

This paper examines the position of philosophy in Africa from the time African and expatriate philosophers engaged in the debate on whether or not there was a uniquely African Philosophy. I argue that where this debate, prompted by the earlier writings of some colonial anthropologists, was going on, there was serious teaching, although not writing, of Western Philosophy. Major writings focused on the African Philosophy question. However, positive work was done after the publication of positive work on African Philosophy, leading to the abandonment of serious publication on Western Philosophy. In spite of this, the presence of expatriate staff in many departments of philosophy between 1975 and 1984 led to great expectations of the discipline on the African continent, as shown in my published work in 1987. Unfortunately, philosophy in Africa has been deteriorating since the end of the 1980's due to neglect and lack of funding by military governments (e.g., Nigeria). In addition to the bad economic situation which led to an exodus of prominent philosophers from Africa to the West, pioneering philosophers have retired and died. These unfortunate developments leave a bleak future for philosophy in Africa, as there may be no experienced philosophers to supervise undergraduate students, leaving a lack of viable replacements for the older philosophers. While resolution of this problem appears difficult, this paper is written in hope that the World Congress might intervene to counteract this desperate situation.

scholarly journals Comparative Study: Chinese and Western Theoretical Sources for Sustainable Development Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Tongzhen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
International Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Countries around the world are now plagued by deteriorating environmental problems (including global warming, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and possible sources of unknown viruses such as COVID-19). Besides cooperation at the international level, countries, especially the East and West, have adopted different approaches. Philosophy can guide our actions, and exploring the theories of each period could help us understand what people know about and how they behave. The Chinese “San cai” and “Sheng Wang Zhi Zhi” theories and the "Anthropocentrism" and "Resource are limited" of the West countries have their on the relationship between human beings and environment, which play important roles in their traditional philosophies before the largely accepted definition of Sustainable Development (SD).

scholarly journals Comparative Study: Chinese and Western Theoretical Sources for Sustainable Development Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Tongzhen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
International Level ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Countries around the world are now plagued by deteriorating environmental problems (including global warming, desertification, reduction of biodiversity, and possible sources of unknown viruses such as COVID-19). Besides cooperation at the international level, countries, especially the East and West, have adopted different approaches. Philosophy can guide our actions, and exploring the theories of each period could help us understand what people know about and how they behave. The Chinese “San cai” and “Sheng Wang Zhi Zhi” theories and the "Anthropocentrism" and "Resource are limited" of the West countries have their on the relationship between human beings and environment, which play important roles in their traditional philosophies before the largely accepted definition of Sustainable Development (SD).

scholarly journals Underlying Aspects in Tagore’s Translation Of Red Oleanders: A Critical Reading

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Sharif Uzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The West ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
The World ◽  
Native Tongue

Though Rabindranath Tagore’s works have been studied and praised for decades around the world, his struggles to reconcile cultural as well as linguistic differences between English and his native tongue, Bengali through translations of his works have largely been overlooked. This paper though a comparative study between Tagore’s drama Raktakarabi and its translated version Red Oleanders, seeks to find out how Tagore deals with various cultural, literary and linguistic issues that have arisen during the translation and whether the differences between two languages with distinct natures and unique histories have forced him to make fundamental changes to the play. The research also aims to critically look at the reasons behind Red Oleanders’ apparent failure in the west and takes into account relevant translation theories to discuss how various changes to the play have contributed to creating stark contrasts between the original and the translation.

scholarly journals Nietzsche’s Philosophy and Buddhism: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwit Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
The West ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Moral Guidance

This study aims to explain the Buddha's teachings and philosophy Nietzsche in interpreting and contemplating the world and human suffering. Nietzsche and Buddhism, in particular aspects, have several similarities and differences that were fruitful to compare. Nietzsche was quite unaffected by Schopenhauer, who introduced Indian wisdom to the west. This paper has revealed that Buddha taught is to live with moral guidance. On the other hand, Nietzsche delivered value transvaluation to overcome suffering and nihilism conditions. Buddhism and Nietzsche had different views about desire and will. They started from quite similar initial assumptions about reality and certain ontological aspects; nevertheless, they had taken different solutions for human problems and axiological aspects.

Pengakhiran Dunia Menurut Kefahaman Barat: Kajian Berdasarkan Filem Terminator Salvation

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bazli Ahmad Hilmi ◽  
Mohd Hamidi Ismail ◽  
Musa Mohamad ◽  
Zulkarnin Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
The West ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Hidden Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
World Concept

Lambakan filem daripada Barat di Malaysia mencetuskan kebimbangan dalam kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini kerana pembikinan filem-filem tersebut bukanlah sekadar cerita, namun sarat dengan elemen falsafah dan budaya daripada Barat, tidak terkecuali juga elemen agama. Perkara ini secara tidak langsung memberikan pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap pemikiran dan pegangan umat Islam terutama kepada golongan yang belum memiliki akidah yang mantap terutama kanak-kanak. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep pengakhiran dunia menurut kefahaman Barat dalam filem bertajuk “Terminator Salvation”. Kajian yang menggunakan pendekatan kajian perpustakaan ini menyoroti dan menyelami kandungan yang terdapat dalam filem ini dan menghubungkaitkan dengan konsep pengakhiran dunia menurut kefahaman agama yang dianuti di Barat. Hasil kajian mendapati babak-babak dalam filem ini mempunyai kaitan yang signifikan dengan pengakhiran dunia menurut ajaran yang pelbagai, saling bercampur aduk seperti Kristian, Yahudi dan lain-lain; tanda-tanda kedatangan kiamat, konsep salvation, kedatangan Mesiah, dan tarikh perkiraan berlakunya kiamat. Kajian ini berperanan penting dalam membongkar agenda tersembunyi khususnya dalam usaha menyebarkan ideologi-ideologi Barat ke dunia Islam.Abstract: The glut of western movies in Malaysia raised an alarm among the society. The movies depicted not only fictional stories, but they were heavily clouded by western philosophy and culture, including religion. This phenomenon indirectly influenced the thoughts and belief of the Muslims especially those who have yet established strong religious stand such as children. This paper examined the end of the world concept based on western thought in the movie “Terminator Salvation”. This library research scrutinized the content of the movie and related it to the end of the world concept as understood in religious thought in the West. The outcome of the study showed many significant scenes that depicted the end of the world according to various teaching which jumbled together like Christianity, Jews and extra; such as the signs of Armageddon, the concept of Salvation, the appearance of Jesus Christ, and the approximate date of the doomsday. This paper exposed the hidden agenda explicitly in part of disseminating western ideologies to Islam world.

Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Sri Lanka

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudath Samaraweera ◽  
Athula Sumathipala ◽  
Sisira Siribaddana ◽  
S. Sivayogan ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Average ◽  
The West ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The World

Background: Suicidal ideation can often lead to suicide attempts and completed suicide. Studies have shown that Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world but so far no studies have looked at prevalence of suicidal ideation in a general population in Sri Lanka. Aims: We wanted to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation by randomly selecting six Divisional Secretariats (Dss) out of 17 in one district. This district is known to have higher than national average rates of suicide. Methods: 808 participants were interviewed using Sinhala versions of GHQ-30 and Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Of these, 387 (48%) were males, and 421 (52%) were female. Results: On Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation, 29 individuals (4%) had active suicidal ideation and 23 (3%) had passive suicidal ideation. The active suicidal ideators were young, physically ill and had higher levels of helplessness and hopelessness. Conclusions: The prevalence of suicidal ideation in Sri Lanka is lower than reported from the West and yet suicide rates are higher. Further work must explore cultural and religious factors.

Psychology from Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic Perspectives

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad A-L.H. Abou-Hatab
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

This paper presents the case of psychology from a perspective not widely recognized by the West, namely, the Egyptian, Arab, and Islamic perspective. It discusses the introduction and development of psychology in this part of the world. Whenever such efforts are evaluated, six problems become apparent: (1) the one-way interaction with Western psychology; (2) the intellectual dependency; (3) the remote relationship with national heritage; (4) its irrelevance to cultural and social realities; (5) the inhibition of creativity; and (6) the loss of professional identity. Nevertheless, some major achievements are emphasized, and a four-facet look into the 21st century is proposed.

Searching for new Sources of growth. Are the Developing Countries Catching up with the Developed ones?

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Relative Standing

This paper examines the trajectory of growth in the Global South. Before the 1500s all countries were roughly at the same level of development, but from the 1500s Western countries started to grow faster than the rest of the world and PPP GDP per capita by 1950 in the US, the richest Western nation, was nearly 5 times higher than the world average and 2 times higher than in Western Europe. Since 1950 this ratio stabilized - not only Western Europe and Japan improved their relative standing in per capita income versus the US, but also East Asia, South Asia and some developing countries in other regions started to bridge the gap with the West. After nearly half of the millennium of growing economic divergence, the world seems to have entered the era of convergence. The factors behind these trends are analyzed; implications for the future and possible scenarios are considered.

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