scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of Word Formation of English and Chinese Neologisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shiyun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Information Age ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Political Economic

Neologisms refer to the words created to express new things, new concepts and new ideas in written and oral communication. Since the 1980s, the world has entered into an information age. The world has witnessed great changes in political, economic, cultural field. At the same time, China has been carrying out a series of political and economic reforms, which have brought about amazing changes in all social aspects. As a result, a great deal of neologisms have appeared both in English and Chinese. There are three sources of neologisms both in English and Chinese: creating new words with native word elements, adding new meanings to existing words and borrowing new words from other languages. This paper focus on the first one of these three sources: word-formation, and analyzes the similarities and differences of three major ways of word-formation of neologisms in both English and Chinese: compounds, affixations, shortenings.

scholarly journals A Glimpse at the Study of English Neologism

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Yan-Qing Fang
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Single Method

Language is a social phenomenon and changes with the development of society. Neologisms are new words and new expressions which are the cutting edge of language. Neologisms are being invented or introduced every day to express new things and new ideas in society. Scholars usually discuss neologisms from two perspectives: the time perspective and the semantic perspective. Neologisms can be classified according to their functions, their coinage processes, their formation, and their sources. There are three main methods of new word creation: neologisms by rules of word-formation; neologisms by adding new meanings to existing words; neologisms by borrowing words from other languages. Even a single method is quite productive in new word creation.

Interpretation of Nonsense as a Method of Children Imagination Development (as exemplified in Carroll L. «Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Looking Glass ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
Powerful Incentive ◽  
Algorithmic Thinking

The article enlightens the probem of nonsense and its role in the development of creative thinking and fantasy, and the way how the interpretation of nonsense affects children imagination. The function of imagination inherent to a person, and especially to a child, has a powerful potential – to create artificially new metaphorical models, absurd and most incredible situations based on self-amazement. Children are able to measure the properties of unfamiliar objects with the properties of known things. It is not difficult for small researchers to replace incomprehensible meanings with familiar ones; to think over situations, to make analogies, to transfer signs and properties of one object to another. The problem of nonsense research is interesting and relevant. The element of the game is an integral component of nonsense. In the process of playing, children cognize the world, learn to interact with the world, imitating the adults behavior. Imagination and fantasy help the child to invent his own rules of the game, to choose language elements that best suit his ideas. The child uses the learned productive models of the language system to create their own models and their own language, attracting language signs: words, morphs, sentences. Children’s dictionary stimulates word formation and language nomination processes. Nonsense-words are the result of children’s dictionary, speech errors and occazional formations, presented in the form of contamination, phonetic transformations, lexical substitution, implemented on certain models. The first two models are phonetic imitation and hybrid speech, based on the natural language model. The third model of designing nonsense is represented by words that have no meaning at all and can be attributed to words-portmonaie. Due to the flexibility of interframe relationships and the lack of algorithmic thinking, children can not only capture the implicit similarity of objects and phenomena, but also create it through their imagination. Interpretation of nonsense is an effective method of developing imagination in children, because metaphors, nonsense as a means of creating new meanings, modeling new content from fragments of one’s own experience, are a powerful incentive for creative thinking.

scholarly journals Good Governance with Chinese characteristics: A perspective of China's Socialist Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Hans Nibshan Seesaghur
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
International Standing ◽  
Political Economic

Since the 1990s, scholars around the world have focused on the complexities of governance reforms. The vicissitudes of the 21st century witnessed global waves for public administration reforms. China, a fast developing socialist country, has been building a strong, robust and modern public governance system. The Socialist Governance of China with Chinese characteristics brought considerable changes in the political, economic and social spheres, transforming the lives of people for betterment. By bringing about economic development through state intervention, introducing rule of law upholding the significance of its people, fostering new ideas, and ushering the ideology of nationalism through “China Dream”, President Xi Jinping and his socialist governance policies have created an excellent example in the world, particularly the capitalist society, demonstrating how society can be developed through socialist ways. Yet, the dynamics of Chinese governance has always been part science and part mystery to other governments that have earned legitimacy through elections, while China’s leaders earned its legitimacy through selection of the most able and their performance in delivering sustained improvements in the quality of life of the Chinese citizens and China's international standing. This paper deals with assessing the relevance of China’s Socialist governance evolution into a science of managing public affairs and the pursuit to optimizing its impact on the state’s economic, political and social spheres.

scholarly journals Spanish media discourse: quid novum?

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Marina Larionova
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Cultural Components

The article focuses on the evolution of the Spanish media discourse which reflects and verbalizes mentality, modeling the world around and creating mentality and culture of the society. The media discourse is formed by proper language tools and by the system of the cognitive and cultural components that are relevant for a particular historical period. The process of updating and expanding of the conceptual sphere of the media discourse happens constantly as a response to the development of society and its institutions, technological progress, emergence of new political, economic and socio-cultural factors. The media discourse is the first to react to these events by creating, capturing and replicating a new vocabulary and new concepts

scholarly journals COMPOUNDING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Rafica Sari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Open Form ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Descriptive Method

AbstrakDalam linguistik merupakan proses pembentukan kata yang sangat produktif dua kata atau lebih digabungkan menjadi sebuah kata baru. Proses ini sering dijumpai pada pembentukan kata atau istilah baru dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Compound word (kata majemuk) pada istilah-istilah bidang teknologi informasi adakalanya memiliki makna yang berbeda dari makna leksikal pembentuk kata majemuknya. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini ditulis untuk mendeskripsikan kata majemuk yang terdapat pada istilah teknologi informasi,  mendeskripsikan cara penulisannya, dan mendeskripsikan makna leksikal pada kata majemuk tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, diketahui bahwa kata majemuk dalam teknologi informasi memiliki beberapa kombinasi elemen dengan cara penulisan menggunakan open form, hyphenated-form, dan closed/solid form. Makna kata majemukyang terbentuk dari proses compounding pada istilah teknologi informasi ternyata lebih banyak mempertahankan makna leksikal dari masing-masing kata pembentuknya daripada membentuk makna baru. Kata-kata kunci: compounding, istilah teknologi informasi, makna leksikal. AbstractIn linguistic it is a process of word formation that is very productive in which two or more words are combined into a new word. This process is often found in the formation of new words or terms in the field of information technology. Compound words for terms in the field of information technology sometimes have a different meaning from the lexical meaning of each word that makes up the compound words. Therefore, this paper is written to describe compound words contained in information technology terms, to describes how to write them, and to describe lexical meanings of the compound words. Based on the analysis using a descriptive method, it was found that compound words in information technology have some combinations of elements by way of writing using open form, hyphenated-form, and closed/solid form. Meanings of compound words that are formed through the  compounding process in the information technology terms seem to maintain lexical meaning of each constituent word rather than forming new meanings. Keywords:  compounding, information technology terms, lexical meaning

scholarly journals AN IDEOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE TO THE TECHNOLOGICAL SINGULARITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Mziya Jemalovna Kuparashvili
Keyword(s):  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
Technological Singularity

Thinking about the future of man and humanity against the background of rapidly develop-ing technologies is full of fears and fears. Many of the key provisions proposed by technol-ogy and the financial and economic orders of the society, fall on the poorly prepared con-sciousness and, due to the transience of events, do not leave time for thoughtful analysis. New concepts or their new meanings are taken for granted and become frightening phan-toms that define the chaos of our ideas about the world. One such phantom is the concept of singularity, which in the social and humanitarian space brings only confusion in the minds.

scholarly journals Resources and methods of neosemantization of the modern Ukrainian vocabulary

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Iuliia Tsyhvintseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Language Practice ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Media Texts

This article focuses on the dynamic processes at the lexical level. The research data, e.g., academic dictionaries and dictionaries of new words, online media texts, and specialized professional sites, the Ukrainian journalism, and posts by Facebook users, indicate the emergence of a large number of new meanings of various word classes words well-known in the modern Ukrain- ian language practice. Some of them are already included in dictionaries, and, therefore, have acquired definitions used in this study. Examples not attested in lexicographic sources are reinterpreted in accordance with their new meanings. The author focuses on the ability of the language to update its vocabulary within its own resources through semantic derivation, hidden borrowings, and the use of the available derivation model referring to a new concept. A phenomenon of semantic derivation is outlined and the mechanisms of its main types, e.g., metaphorical and metonymy transfer of meaning, amplification and semantic narrowing, are explicated. The paper looks into the basis for such a unit assimilation process, i.e., the main groups of modern hidden borrowings and resources. The author considers the phenomenon of the reuse of an existing derivation model as a way of updating the semantics of a word and classifies neosemantisms not only by the method of creation but also by lexical and word-formation categories and types of polysemy. The use of neosemantisms in Standard Ukrainian proves their functional and word-formation activity, which shows a constant qualitative development of the language and an increase of its naming resources. Keywords: neosemantism, semantic derivation, polysemy, hidden borrowing, recurrent derivational model, homonym.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR SUPPLYING RUSSIAN AND CHINESE YOUTH JARGON: COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF DEPENDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Синхуа Ван ◽  
Анна Владимировна Курьянович
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
World Picture ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Lexical Composition

Введение. В XXI в. все языки мира претерпевают коренные изменения в своем лексическом составе. В связи с необходимостью номинации новых понятий, явлений и предметов в процессе познания и освоения постоянно изменяющегося окружающего мира лексический фонд языков обогащается за счет возникновения новой лексики, среди которой в достаточном количестве присутствуют жаргонные слова. Молодежный жаргон – интереснейший языковой феномен как в русском, так и в китайском языках, практически параллельно развивающийся в двух совершенно разных языковых системах и лингвокультурах. Материал и методы. Анализируются способы пополнения лексического фонда русского и китайского молодежного сленга в сопоставительном аспекте с учетом фактора обусловленности когнитивными механизмами смыслопорождения в рамках жаргонного фрагмента национальной картины мира. Исследование осуществляется на материале словарной картотеки авторов, а также данных лексикографических источников с опорой на методологию контекстологического, сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа, а также словообразовательного моделирования. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлены наиболее продуктивные способы обогащения корпуса молодежной лексики в обоих языках. Это метафоризация, аффиксация, иноязычные заимствования. В то же время, в отличие от русского молодежного жаргона, в китайском языке больший удельный вес и лингвокультурную специфику в образовании новых сленговых единиц обнаруживают такие способы, как аббревиация и гомофония. Китайский молодежный социолект обнаруживает специфику и при адаптации иноязычных заимствований. Данные отличия обусловлены типологическими особенностями китайского языка и своеобразием языковой картины мира современной китайской молодежи. Заключение. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты позволяют говорить о совокупном действии в рамках жаргонных подсистем русского и китайского языков как универсальных тенденций в области словопроизводства, так и специфичных для каждого языка путях реализации этих тенденций. Способы пополнения молодежного жаргона в конкретной лингвокультуре обусловлены концептуальным содержанием ее соответствующего фрагмента. Introduction. In the 21st century, all the languages of the world undergo radical changes in its lexical composition. Due to the need to nominate new concepts, phenomena and objects in the process of cognition and development of a constantly changing world, the lexical fund of languages is enriched by the emergence of new vocabulary, among which there are a lot of slang words. Youth jargon is an interesting language phenomenon both in Russian and in Chinese, which is developing almost simultaneously in two completely different language systems and linguistic cultures. Material and methods. The author analyzes the ways of replenishing the lexical fund of Russian and Chinese youth slang in a comparative aspect, taking into account the factor of cognitive mechanisms dependence of meaning generation within the framework of the slang fragment of the national world picture. The study is carried out on the basis of the material of the author’s dictionary files, as well as data from lexicographic sources based on the methodology of contextual, contrastive-comparative analysis, as well as word-formation modeling. Results and discussion. The most productive ways of enriching the corpus of youth vocabulary in both languages are revealed. This is metaphorization, affixation, foreign borrowing. At the same time, unlike Russian youth jargon, in the Chinese language, such methods as abbreviation and homophony reveal a greater specific gravity and linguocultural specifics in the formation of new slang units. The Chinese youth sociolect also reveals specifics when adapting foreign borrowings. These differences are due to the typological features of the Chinese language and the originality of the linguistic picture of the world of modern Chinese youth. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the study allow us to talk about the combined action within the framework of the slang subsystems of the Russian and Chinese languages as universal trends in the field of word production, and ways specific to each language to implement these trends. Ways to replenish youth jargon in a particular linguistic culture are determined by the conceptual content of its corresponding fragment.

Il gruppo e la community

2009 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Maddalena Formicuzzi ◽  
Piermatteo Ardolino
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The One

- In these last decades the theme of the group is came back to the actuality also thanks to the coming of the world wide web. From this virtual world are arrived directly in our lifes new ideas, new sensations and new concepts. The aim of this work is to explore the knowledge of two word: the one old, the group, and the one new, the community. Thus, this paper shows some features common to both analyzed subjects: the group and the community. In fact we can find, after a careful study, similar words like: status, roles, leadership, nets of communication and other typical characteristics of them.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC WORD FORMATION OF DIALECT VERBS:

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Chupryakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Safonova ◽  
Gulnat T. Abikenova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Production ◽  
National Language ◽  
Constructive Thinking ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World

The article is dedicated to the research of semantic word formation of verbs in the language space of Russian subdialects. From the point of cognitive linguistics, the semantic verb derivatives are observed in the system of subdialects. The analysis of several word-formative models is given and structural-semantic and paradigmatic relations between derivatives and inflections in the sphere of different dialect verb groups are described in this research. It is proven that, in the reviewed semantically derived dialect verbs, the subjective-evaluative connotation, usually of the negative nature, is present – from the cognitive aspect it is represented as one of the main features of derivative verb units. It is noted that such factors as the abilities to think and feel prompt the dialect carrier to create new words: dialect carrier’s ability to create new words signals about their language sense and constructive thinking. Semantic derivation enriches the dialect language not only with new lexemes, but also with new word-formative relations. Realization of such powerful potential of Russian dialects shows the independence of derivative processes in the dialectic word production. It is proven that the research of dialect vocabulary provides a great opportunity to generalize word-formative processes, including semantic verb derivation and a Russian national language on different evolution stages. Moreover, derivative processes are equally important for construction and understanding of language picture of the world as lexical-phraseological or stylistic phenomena.

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