scholarly journals VOCABULARY NEOLOGIZATION DURING A CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF INTERNET PERIODICALS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Valentyna KRASAVINA
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Globalized World

Having spread around the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of neologisms both in Ukrainian and in other languages. In the first place, it happened due to extralinguistic factors – specific features of the infectious disease itself as well as the unprecedented social practices which have become a new method of adaptation to the present day circumstances. Language has promptly reacted to large-scale changes in the world and the society: new words and word combinations denoting the phenomena, objects and notions unknown before have appeared; the modification of the semantics of certain common words has taken place; the sphere of usage of some specialized terms has broadened. Globalization processes and a tendency towards language unification have facilitated the spread of terms of international use, neolexemes, neomorphemes, which is indicative of the emergence of the common international vocabulary. English borrowings have been actively adopted due to the language practice of mass media (in particular, the electronic ones), which are dynamic and open to innovation, and, as is the case with social networks, enable the communication of a great number of people of various nationalities, ages and social status. Thus, neologisms are social markers of transformations, typical of the society in a globalized world. Renovation of the vocabulary is happening by means of adoption of foreignisms, predominantly of the English origin, international terms, which are replenishing terminology subsystems, in particular the ones of healthcare and administration, etc.; by means of word-formation using borrowed derivation tools; due to the activation of the processes of extending the semantics of already familiar words. A considerable amount of new words will not enter the general vocabulary as upon the conclusion of the Covid-19 pandemic they will be excluded from the active use and transferred to the corpus of historical words of the epoch which will become the evidence of the period of the quarantine measures and self-isolation of the citizens, and some words will be returned to a specialized sphere of use.

scholarly journals Private algorithms for the protected in social network search

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kearns ◽  
Aaron Roth ◽  
Zhiwei Steven Wu ◽  
Grigory Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Graph Search ◽  
Medical Testing ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Network Search ◽  
Natural Variants

Motivated by tensions between data privacy for individual citizens and societal priorities such as counterterrorism and the containment of infectious disease, we introduce a computational model that distinguishes between parties for whom privacy is explicitly protected, and those for whom it is not (the targeted subpopulation). The goal is the development of algorithms that can effectively identify and take action upon members of the targeted subpopulation in a way that minimally compromises the privacy of the protected, while simultaneously limiting the expense of distinguishing members of the two groups via costly mechanisms such as surveillance, background checks, or medical testing. Within this framework, we provide provably privacy-preserving algorithms for targeted search in social networks. These algorithms are natural variants of common graph search methods, and ensure privacy for the protected by the careful injection of noise in the prioritization of potential targets. We validate the utility of our algorithms with extensive computational experiments on two large-scale social network datasets.

scholarly journals Slang of the world of fashion and fashion subculture in English: the problem of word-building and translation

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
A. K. Pavelieva ◽  
◽  
I. V. Sotnichenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The World ◽  
Communicative Space ◽  
Article Analyse

The article considers the slang of the fashion industry, systemization of slang units by speakers, as well as the main difficulties in translating English fashion slang into Ukrainian. It turns out that the vocabulary of fashion industry slang is enriched in epoch-making moments, important for the state as a reaction to turning points in history and to the emergence of new social phenomena. The article proves that fashion slang unites a large number of social groups: people working in the fashion industry, who create trends and fashionable novelties; fashion distributors and fashion buyers and even forms a new social group around them ‒ hypebeasts. The authors of the article analyse the slang of the fashion world through the prism of its interdependence and interaction with social networks and the Internet as a communicative space. Such methods of word formation of fashion slang units as metaphorization, word formation, appearance of telescopies have been considered in this scientific article. The presented research paper proposes to classify fashion slang by different groups of people who are somehow related to fashion, and thus cause the emergence of new slang units, forming their own kind of fashion slang, taking into account the peculiarities of their activities. It is emphasized that the basis for the formation of new slang of the fashion industry is the slang of young people mad about fashion, who build their own cult around it. The article also considers the most common ways of translating hypebeasts slang, such as transcoding (mixed and adaptive ones), transcription and transliteration.

NOTES ON BUTTERFLIES, WITH DIRECTIONS FOR BREEDING THEM FROM THE EGG

1884 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
W. H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

I am asked to write for the Can. Ent. a paper on breeding butterflies, and on taking observations of the larval stages, and I comply with pleasure, hoping that what I shall say may be the means of inducing some collectors to cultivate this field. There are many local collections of butterflies in Canada and the United States, and a few general North American collections, more or less complete. But their owners are mostly satisfied with mere collecting and accumulating specimens of the imago. Very few know anything of the larval and other stages of the butterflies, unless of some of the common species. And where anything is known, very little is given to the world. Some collectors, however, have also been breeders of butterflies, sphinges and moths on a large scale. As for example, our friends, John Akhurst and Professor Julius E. Meyer, of Brooklyn, each of whom could fill a good-sized volume, if they would relate one half of what they know on these subjects. Such an one was the late William Newman, of Philadelphia, who lived to a good old age, and had spent his spare hours for many years in collecting and breeding lepidoptera. But none of these gentlemen have published a line that I am aware of, and the entomological world is not much the wiser for their private experience. So that practically here is a great field almost unworked.

The Decameron: On the Possibility of Love During Self-Isolation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-178
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Human Being ◽  
European Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Consolation Of Philosophy

This article in the genre of the consolation of philosophy deals with the COVID-19 pandemic as a new superphenomenal experience marked by an extremely intense experience of one’s vulnerability and finiteness as well as by problematization of our previous ideas of a human being. The author offers a way to understand our situation and find solace by starting with the performative paradox of Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron, which contains one of the most famous descriptions of the plague and remains one of the most cheerful and life-enhancing texts in European literature. The article shows that, contrary to the common belief, the consolation offered in the The Decameron is not reduced merely to telling stories that entertain and distract us from tales of grief. Nor is it reduced to the invention of social practices for building a new and more perfect society, although all this, as the author shows, is undoubtedly there in the text and has a beneficial effect. The Decameron’s consolation ultimately consists of the assumption that man himself has metaphysical depths in his incomprehensible (although it is fully embodied in the Decameron) and impossible potential for lovingly accepting the reality of the world as a blessed Gift, to think of eventfulness itself as a gift. The article argues that the anthropology on which Boccaccio’s utopia is based is that of the feast or symposium understood in the spirit of the Platonic-Christian tradition. The author hopes that Boccaccio’s anthropological optics, designed to overcome the pessimism of reason and affirm the optimism of will and faith, can help the reader find meaning and joy in the midst of the suffering and death which are the irrevocable framework of life. This consolation can be heard in the cheerful voice of Boccaccio, which comes to us from faraway plague-ridden Florence and offers us his prescription for healing the “wounds of being.”

scholarly journals Impact of Covid-19 on cyber Security

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Akanbi
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Form

The Covid-19 pandemic is an unforeseen occurrence that took the world by storm. Governments and businesses were unprepared, hence the large-scale impact it continuously has on the planet. It has permanently revolutionised how we live, work and interact with technology. With this new way of living, businesses and governments had to adapt to a new form of survival, and so did cybercriminals; there was a surge in cyber threats due to our newfound dependence on technology. This paper emphasises the common types of cyber threats and the targeted industries. These attacks were more successful because people were uneasy and desperate, which gave the criminals more incentive to attack businesses. To avoid being a cyber target, I have provided recommendations against future threats.

scholarly journals The structure of online social networks modulates the rate of lexical change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhu ◽  
David Jurgens
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
New Words ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Lexical Change ◽  
Underlying Network ◽  
The Many

New words are regularly introduced to communities, yet not all of these words persist in a community's lexicon. Among the many factors contributing to lexical change, we focus on the understudied effect of social networks. We conduct a large-scale analysis of over 80k neologisms in 4420 online communities across a decade. Using Poisson regression and survival analysis, our study demonstrates that the community's network structure plays a significant role in lexical change. Apart from overall size, properties including dense connections, the lack of local clusters and more external contacts promote lexical innovation and retention. Unlike offline communities, these topic-based communities do not experience strong lexical levelling despite increased contact but accommodate more niche words. Our work provides support for the sociolinguistic hypothesis that lexical change is partially shaped by the structure of the underlying network but also uncovers findings specific to online communities.

scholarly journals On the impact of publicly available news and information transfer to financial markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 202321
Author(s):  
Metod Jazbec ◽  
Barna Pàsztor ◽  
Felix Faltings ◽  
Nino Antulov-Fantulin ◽  
Petter N. Kolm
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

We quantify the propagation and absorption of large-scale publicly available news articles from the World Wide Web to financial markets. To extract publicly available information, we use the news archives from the Common Crawl, a non-profit organization that crawls a large part of the web. We develop a processing pipeline to identify news articles associated with the constituent companies in the S&P 500 index, an equity market index that measures the stock performance of US companies. Using machine learning techniques, we extract sentiment scores from the Common Crawl News data and employ tools from information theory to quantify the information transfer from public news articles to the US stock market. Furthermore, we analyse and quantify the economic significance of the news-based information with a simple sentiment-based portfolio trading strategy. Our findings provide support for that information in publicly available news on the World Wide Web has a statistically and economically significant impact on events in financial markets.

scholarly journals Ultimum Remedium in Law Enforcement of Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Indonesia during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Imam Pratama Rifky
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Government

The new variant of corona virus from Wuhan is indeed very infectious. The Covid-19 has shocked the world because it is so deadly and takes many lives. So this has a significant impact on each country. Indonesia, to tackle the spread of this virus, has also implemented several ways, namely by encouraging people to live clean and healthy lives, implementing the 5M (Wearing masks, Washing hands, Keeping a distance, Staying away from crowds, Limiting mobilisation and interaction) and imposing restrictions. The government's efforts are solely for the common good. However, it is undeniable the large-scale social restrictions or Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) implementation also has an unfavourable impact on the community because their movement is restricted. This indirectly also harms the people's economic movement. So there are still some people who violate this PSBB rule. This study was conducted to determine whether the ultimum remedium is applied in law enforcement for PSBB violations. The research will use qualitative research by collecting data and news analyzation. The study results show that the government applies criminal sanctions and fines as an alternative to deter people.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC WORD FORMATION OF DIALECT VERBS:

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Chupryakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Safonova ◽  
Gulnat T. Abikenova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Production ◽  
National Language ◽  
Constructive Thinking ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World

The article is dedicated to the research of semantic word formation of verbs in the language space of Russian subdialects. From the point of cognitive linguistics, the semantic verb derivatives are observed in the system of subdialects. The analysis of several word-formative models is given and structural-semantic and paradigmatic relations between derivatives and inflections in the sphere of different dialect verb groups are described in this research. It is proven that, in the reviewed semantically derived dialect verbs, the subjective-evaluative connotation, usually of the negative nature, is present – from the cognitive aspect it is represented as one of the main features of derivative verb units. It is noted that such factors as the abilities to think and feel prompt the dialect carrier to create new words: dialect carrier’s ability to create new words signals about their language sense and constructive thinking. Semantic derivation enriches the dialect language not only with new lexemes, but also with new word-formative relations. Realization of such powerful potential of Russian dialects shows the independence of derivative processes in the dialectic word production. It is proven that the research of dialect vocabulary provides a great opportunity to generalize word-formative processes, including semantic verb derivation and a Russian national language on different evolution stages. Moreover, derivative processes are equally important for construction and understanding of language picture of the world as lexical-phraseological or stylistic phenomena.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of Word Formation of English and Chinese Neologisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shiyun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Information Age ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Political Economic

Neologisms refer to the words created to express new things, new concepts and new ideas in written and oral communication. Since the 1980s, the world has entered into an information age. The world has witnessed great changes in political, economic, cultural field. At the same time, China has been carrying out a series of political and economic reforms, which have brought about amazing changes in all social aspects. As a result, a great deal of neologisms have appeared both in English and Chinese. There are three sources of neologisms both in English and Chinese: creating new words with native word elements, adding new meanings to existing words and borrowing new words from other languages. This paper focus on the first one of these three sources: word-formation, and analyzes the similarities and differences of three major ways of word-formation of neologisms in both English and Chinese: compounds, affixations, shortenings.

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