scholarly journals SHOOT FORMATION OF EPILOBIUM HIRSUTUM L. IN CONNECTION WITH THE ADAPTATION OF HERBS OF THE SEASONAL CLIMATE TO THE CONDITIONS OF VARIABLE HUMIDIFICATION / WATERING

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
N. Savinyh ◽  
I. Konovalova
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Shoot System ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Transitional Phase ◽  
Main Module

One of the fundamental problems of modern biology is the identification of adaptations of organisms to existence in different environments of the biosphere, the mechanisms and methods of the formation of their adaptations. A comparative analysis of shoot formation and ontogenesis of individuals makes it possible to reveal these features in plant biomorphs, including during the development of reservoirs by herbs by mesophytes. The article describes the shoot formation of the hygromesophyte Epilobium hirsutum L. The development and structural-functional zoning of shoots were assessed from the standpoint of modular organization and compared with the peculiarities of shoots formation in mesophytic and hydrophyte grasses. Shown: their similarity with monocarpic shoots of mesophytic herbs at the initial stages; further prolongation in the form of basipetal development through heterochronies and heterotopies with the development of lateral sylleptic shoots as in hydrophytes; increasing the area of the assimilating surface of an individual and ensuring the autonomy of individual shoot systems due to this with early morphological disintegration of the individual. It is proposed to distinguish the following stages in the development of the terrestrial part of the shoot system: vegetative uniaxial shoot - monocarpic shoot - disjunctive system of monopodial shoot - synflorescence system (double heterothetical frondose-frondular brush) at the shoot apex and replacement shoots in the transitional phase of its development in the zone of renewal , broken by the middle zone of inhibition, is more multicomponent and branched in comparison with those in mesohygrophytes like Veronica longifolia L., but less complexity than in hydrophytes - the aquatic form of V. anagallis-aquatica L. It is noted that the early transformation of the universal module (monocarpic shoot) into the main module (the shoot system formed on its basis) is provided by polyvariance in the development of leaf rudiments and axillary structures of elementary modules (elementary metameres) in connection with the conditions of the location of the apex and demonstrates possible mechanisms of adaptation of flowering plants with a sympodial long-shoot model of shoot formation to life in water bodies: abbreviation of ontogeny of an individual and monocarpity of ramet with polycarpicity of an organism (prolongation of ontogeny of an individual).

scholarly journals Development pattern of the endemic of Baikal Siberia – Dracocephalum popovii T.V. Egorova et Sipliv. (Lamiaceae).

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Gulnora Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Aboveground Part ◽  
Shoot System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vegetative Origin

The structure and development pattern of endemic of Baikal Siberia Dracocephalum popovii T.V. Egorova et Sipliv were studied in Buryatia. The base of the shoot system of adults is made up of branched and unbranched bi-tricyclical root-elongated and monocyclical elongated monocarpic shoots. Ontogenesis of individuals of D. popovii – full, difficult also consists of ontogenesis of a seed individual and the reduced ontogeneses of affiliated individuals. Individuals of a vegetative origin are represented by partial branched and unbranched shoots with an adventitious root system. Every year, the aboveground part of the individual completely dies, the shoot formation occurs due to the kidneys of the geophilic part of the bi-tricyclical rhizome-elongated shoots.

scholarly journals Technospherization and Digitalization of the Urban Habitat as the Most Urgent Factor in the Relevancy of Social Pedagogy Modernization

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Taisiya Kolesnik ◽  
Elena Dergacheva
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Natural Approach ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
The Individual

The processes of socialization of the individual in the conditions of substitution of the biosphere by the technosphere are analyzed. It is concluded that the rapid rate of change is aligned with the evolutionarily developed mechanisms of adaptation. This causes deterioration of human health and results in the inability of people to protect themselves from the negative effects of the anthropogenic world. At this conjuncture, the correction of the processes of socialization and adaptation, as well as the development of a system of values that provides for preserving of the biosphere world and life, become the fundamental tasks of education. The results of the analysis show that modern education is losing traction in the process of mindset formation, delegating these functions to other information spheres, virtual reality, and spontaneous areas of Masscult. As a result, the traditional socialization process is broken. Humane correction of the current trends requires a change in the philosophical strategy of education development. As a basis for such a strategy, we propose social pedagogy that directly studies the processes of socialization of individuals. The concept of this discipline allows using the socio-natural approach as the basis for analyzing the processes, taking place in the world and in life.

Adaptive Reconfiguration of Intrinsic Community Structure in Children with 5-Year Abacus Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Chunjie Wang ◽  
Yuzhao Yao ◽  
Changsong Zhou ◽  
Feiyan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Modular Organization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Math Ability ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Human learning can be understood as a network phenomenon, underpinned by the adaptive reconfiguration of modular organization. However, the plasticity of community structure (CS) in resting-state network induced by cognitive intervention has never been investigated. Here, we explored the individual difference of intrinsic CS between children with 5-year abacus-based mental calculation (AMC) training (35 subjects) and their peers without prior experience in AMC (31 subjects). Using permutation-based analysis between subjects in the two groups, we found the significant alteration of intrinsic CS, with training-attenuated individual difference. The alteration of CS focused on selective subsets of cortical regions (“core areas”), predominantly affiliated to the visual, somatomotor, and default-mode subsystems. These subsystems exhibited training-promoted cohesion with attenuated interaction between them, from the perspective of individuals’ CS. Moreover, the cohesion of visual network could predict training-improved math ability in the AMC group, but not in the control group. Finally, the whole network displayed enhanced segregation in the AMC group, including higher modularity index, more provincial hubs, lower participation coefficient, and fewer between-module links, largely due to the segregation of “core areas.” Collectively, our findings suggested that the intrinsic CS could get reconfigured toward more localized processing and segregated architecture after long-term cognitive training.

scholarly journals The effect of population density upon rate of reproduction with special reference to insects

1932 ◽  
Vol 111 (773) ◽  
pp. 437-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
The Individual

As the result of a previous investigation, involving the analysis of environmental factors controlling population increase in nature, it became apparent to the writer that population density constituted an environmental factor which had been comparatively neglected, doubtless on account of its obscurity, but whose effects were nevertheless of greater significance than generally realised. It seemed desirable, therefore, that this relatively obscure phenomenon should be investigated, and the writer commenced work at the Laboratory of General Physiology, Harvard University, U. S. A. It has long been known that crowding of animals produces definite and peculiar effects on the various vital processes, and even the morphology of the individual. For instance, as far back as 1854, Hogg produced evidence to show that a snail kept in a small cell would only grow to such a size as would enable it to move about freely. Later, Semper (1874) came to the conclusion that there was a relationship between volume and the ultimate size of the individual. As regards the effect of crowding upon reproductive rate the first observation appears to have been made by Balbiani (1860), who reported that Paramecium must be placed in not less than 2-3 c. c. of medium to bring about maximum productivity. Again, Farr (1843) showed that there existed a definite relationship between the density of the human population and the death-rate, and anticipated the trend of modern biology to the extent of elaborating a mathematical formula which conformed to his findings.

Embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Brassica napus anther cultures

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Keller ◽  
K. C. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Direct Development ◽  
Shoot System ◽  
Anther Cultures ◽  
Sucrose Level

Anthers of two cultivars of Brassica napus were cultured on a medium previously used for B. campestris but modified with the addition of 100 mg/ℓ L-serine. The frequency of embryogenic anthers obtained was about 1%. Transfer of anthers from a 10% to a 2% sucrose level after 1- and 2-week culture periods failed to increase the number of embryos obtained and did not result in the production of embryos capable of direct development into plantlets. Although most embryos obtained in this study lacked the ability to develop a shoot system, plants were recovered by inducing shoot formation on hypocotyl expiants cultured on a cytokinin-containing medium.A total of 31 plants were regenerated, 9 of which were examined cytologically and found to be diploid. triploid, or tetraploid. Evidence for the microspore origin of the plants was accumulated and possible mechanisms of diploidization and polyploidization were considered.

scholarly journals Human Cell Atlas and cell-type authentication for regenerative medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1443-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Panina ◽  
Peter Karagiannis ◽  
Andreas Kurtz ◽  
Glyn N. Stacey ◽  
Wataru Fujibuchi
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In modern biology, the correct identification of cell types is required for the developmental study of tissues and organs and the production of functional cells for cell therapies and disease modeling. For decades, cell types have been defined on the basis of morphological and physiological markers and, more recently, immunological markers and molecular properties. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have opened new doors for the characterization of cells at the individual and spatiotemporal levels on the basis of their RNA profiles, vastly transforming our understanding of cell types. The objective of this review is to survey the current progress in the field of cell-type identification, starting with the Human Cell Atlas project, which aims to sequence every cell in the human body, to molecular marker databases for individual cell types and other sources that address cell-type identification for regenerative medicine based on cell data guidelines.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Plasticity and Selection: Nonexclusive Mechanisms of Adaptation

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Grenier ◽  
P. Barre ◽  
I. Litrico
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Population Survival ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
The Individual

Selection and plasticity are two mechanisms that allow the adaptation of a population to a changing environment. Interaction between these nonexclusive mechanisms must be considered if we are to understand population survival. This review discusses the ways in which plasticity and selection can interact, based on a review of the literature on selection and phenotypic plasticity in the evolution of populations. The link between selection and phenotypic plasticity is analysed at the level of the individual. Plasticity can affect an individual’s response to selection and so may modify the end result of genetic diversity evolution at population level. Genetic diversity increases the ability of populations or communities to adapt to new environmental conditions. Adaptive plasticity increases individual fitness. However this effect must be viewed from the perspective of the costs of plasticity, although these are not easy to estimate. It is becoming necessary to engage in new experimental research to demonstrate the combined effects of selection and plasticity for adaptation and their consequences on the evolution of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals ‘They Won't Let us Come, They Won't Let us Stay, They Won't Let us Leave’. Liminality in the Aegean Borderscape: The Case of Irregular Migrants, Volunteers and Locals on Lesvos

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Tsoni
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
European Crisis ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Marginality ◽  
Transitional Phase

This paper draws on ethnographic observations along the south-eastern Mediterranean informal migration route through the Aegean Sea. I focus on the Greek border island of Lesvos as the central stage where the European crisis of asylum has been recently unfolding. In the absence of coherent national and European asylum policies, newly arrived migrants, refugees, and receiving communities (comprised mainly of local residents and volunteers from mainland Greece and Europe) are left to cope with and against each other, leading to multiple personal and collective passages. In this interstitial transit space, subjectivities are made and remade through their participation and resistance to the ongoing production of EU borders. I suggest that liminality provides a useful lens through which to understand the perplexing ‘time-spaces’ and interactions between multiple actors involved in the teetering asylum system on the margins of Europe. I argue that, through various actors’ experiences on Lesvos as a complex social site, liminality emerges as a form of sustained social marginality and exclusion that extends beyond Lesvos itself. The protracted and broadened crisis context in which asylum-seekers and receiving communities of locals and volunteers on Lesvos find themselves provides a salient example of the gradual socio-spatial and temporal ‘stretching’ of liminality from a transitional phase towards a condition of permanent and portable liminality experienced at both the individual and the collective level, and both at and away from borders.

scholarly journals An icosahedral virus as a fluorescent calibration standard: a method for counting protein molecules in cells by fluorescence microscopy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Icosahedral Virus ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe ability to replace genes coding for cellular proteins with DNA that codes for fluorescent protein-tagged versions opens the way to counting the number of molecules of each protein component of macromolecular assembliesin vivoby measuring fluorescence microscopically. Converting fluorescence to absolute numbers of molecules requires a fluorescent standard whose molecular composition is known precisely. In this report the construction, properties, and mode of using a set of fluorescence calibration standards are described. The standards are based on an icosahedral virus engineered to contain exactly 240 copies of one of seven different fluorescent proteins. Two applications of the fluorescent standards to counting molecules in the human parasiteToxoplasma gondiiare described. Methods for improving the preciseness of the measurements and minimizing potential inaccuracies are emphasized.Lay AbstractA broad goal of modern biology is to understand how the machines within living cells work. It is nowadays routine to identify the individual protein components of a machine, but not yet straightforward to tell how many copies of each component are needed to build a functional assembly. In many types of cells it is now possible to substitute for the native proteins within cells altered versions that are fluorescent. If one knew how much fluorescence is generated by a single molecule of the altered protein, then one could use a light microscope to count the number of copies of the protein in a cellular machine by simply measuring the total fluorescence coming from that part of the cell. This paper describes the construction and methods for using a set of fluorescent virus particles that can be used to determine how much fluorescence is contributed by one molecule of fluorescent protein. The virus particles were chosen for this role because the particular icosahedral symmetry of their structure guarantees that each particle contains exactly 240 copies of one fluorescent protein.

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