scholarly journals Unpacking Negative Externalities of Social Capital in the Sustainability of Smallholder Rural Irrigation Farming: The Case of Rozva Irrigation Scheme in Bikita District, Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mthuthukisi Ncube ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Smallholder Irrigation

The article examines the negative externalities of social capital in the sustainability of smallholder irrigation farming. Smallholder irrigation farming has become one of the main sources of rural livelihood in Zimbabwe given the deficiencies in rainfall triggered by climate change among other factors. The establishment of smallholder irrigation schemes, refurbishment of irrigation infrastructure, introduction of new technology and the subsidization of farm inputs are several initiatives taken by the government of Zimbabwe, Non-Governmental organisations and the private sector to improving agricultural productivity among smallholder irrigation schemes. Despite these efforts, smallholder irrigation farming has remained unsustainable. Resultantly, most rural communities in Zimbabwe continue to face hunger and poverty, two overarching sustainable development goals (SDGs 1 & 2) one and two. This study examined the negative externalities of social capital on efforts to improve productivity and sustainability of Rozva smallholder irrigation scheme. The article argues that linking social capital, which includes partnerships between Rozva irrigation farmers and donor agencies, has created dependency syndrome that is inimical to the sustainability of the irrigation scheme. The article concludes some social connections detrimental to the sustainability of the scheme tend to create divisions among farmers. The article argues there is need for awareness on negative externalities of social capital and reduce these effects on the sustainability of the smallholder irrigation to realise social capital benefits among irrigation farming communities in Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals The Initiated of Formation of Linking Social Capital of Community in Creative Tourism Village Dago Pojok, Bandung, West Java Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Alfrojems Alfrojems ◽  
RR E Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Triyanti Anugrahini ◽  
Adhi Karyono
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Linking Social Capital ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
The Government

Poverty in rural areas is now reaching an alarming condition, according to the Central Statistics Agency at this time the poor in rural areas dominate the percentage of poverty in Indonesia by 60%. Efforts to improve the welfare of rural communities will not be separated from how people use and maximize their potential, especially in networking relevant to the issue of social capital. Based on the concept of social capital, there is currently a type of social capital linking, which means emphasizing how the community is able to build relationships with parties who have authority, especially in making policy. This is considered to be important to support the development of welfare for the community, especially in the Dago Creative Tourism Village. Based on this, the purpose of this study is how the community initiated the development of social capital linking in the community in Dago Creative Tourism Village. Therefore, based on these objectives, this study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The data collection is done by observation, study of documentation of relevant documents and interviews. In addition interviews were conducted on 15 informants obtained using purposive sampling technique to determine informants. The results of this study indicate that there are several ways in which people initiate government involvement in developing social capital linking, such as community legalizing organizations, people participating in activities organized by the government, and the community providing government opportunities to participate in every activity organized by the government

scholarly journals Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes of Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10023
Author(s):  
Liboster Mwadzingeni ◽  
Raymond Mugandani ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Midlands Province ◽  
Smallholder Irrigation

Globally, climate change poses enormous threats to the livelihoods of rural communities in arid and semi-arid regions. Assessing the extent of vulnerability is critical to identify climate hot spots and develop appropriate adaptation policies and strategies. This paper uses the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and the Livelihood Vulnerability Index—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) to compare vulnerability to climate change in the Exchange, Insukamini, and Ruchanyu smallholder irrigation schemes (SISs) in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 317 randomly selected households. Results show higher exposure and sensitivity to climate change in the Insukamini irrigation scheme despite the higher adaptive capacity. Both LVI and LVI-IPCC show that households in Insukamini irrigation scheme are more vulnerable to climate change than in Exchange and Ruchanyu irrigation schemes, attributed to water insecurity, poor social networks, and natural disasters and climate variability. The study recommends that development and investment in Insukamini and Ruchanyu should prioritize improving social networks while Exchange should primarily focus on improving livelihood strategies. Using the LVI-IPCC framework is a key methodology for understanding the vulnerability of communities in SISs and identifying areas that need prime development and investment. These results have implications on implementing investments and livelihood policies in SISs of Zimbabwe.

scholarly journals Changes in social capital of rice farmers: An antropological study for buginese farmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Thamrin Pawalluri ◽  
Darmawan Salman ◽  
Imam Mujahidin Fahmid ◽  
Hidayat Marmin ◽  
Arfenti Amir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
The Government

Local institutions that encourage self-organization to achieve shared goals are a characteristic of social capital. In Indonesia, social capital in farming communities is tudangsipulung or sitting one another in deciding various matters related to farming. However, tudangsipulung has been transformed. This study aims to determine the causes, processes, and consequences of social change in a tudangsipulung tradition. This research used a case study with a case unit in a village and collected data through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews. The results showed that the cause of the change was an abandonment of traditional rituals in farming because farmers considered such rituals to delay activities and require cost to reduce the effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, there is also a shift in the position of actors, where the schedule of the planting, which indigenous knowledge possessed by traditional leaders previously determined, changed to the role of climatologists and officials from the government. The process of social change takes a long time and slowly, along with the social dynamics of the rice farming community, which makes tudangsipulung tradition a place to work together to achieve a shared goal for farmers. The process of social change has consequences for eliminating a need to give each other kindness and lack of trust among farmers.

scholarly journals Nigeria: Positioning Rural Economy for Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode Michael Okunola
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
The People ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

Nigeria as nation has over the years engaged in lots of developmental activities without actions which makes achievements to elude the people. Development of societies doesn’t happen in the vacuum. Thus, the adoption of Structural Adjustment Program, SAP, by Nigeria leading to the neglect of the custom periodic National Plan at a time when Nigeria had no structure for development was the beginning of journey to widened inequality and large poverty incidence, depth and severity. To close the gap between the rich and the poor, the Nigeria government had designed and implemented some programs and policies whose implementation has not solved the inherent problems. In year 2000, the world leaders subscribed to the Millennium Development Goals to ensure synergized global approach to solving the poverty menace. Programs designed in Nigeria to achieve the MDGs focused on the urban centers thereby relegating the rural areas which are responsible for the feeding of the teeming population of the urban dwellers. Farming households and the general rural communities do not have access to clean water, quality education and health facilities, good feeder roads, affordable and safe energy as well as other socioeconomic and socio-infrastructural facilities that would ensure sustainable living for the people whose contribution to the national economy cannot be overemphasized. This study therefore looks at the structural actions the Nigeria government should embarked upon to ensure that the rural dweller have access to life. As the government would be developing programs and policies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals whose priority is the end poverty in all forms and everywhere by 2030, this study reveals how to position the rural economy for developmental attention from the policy makers.

scholarly journals Aktywność sołectw wspierających rozwój społeczny w ramach Programu Odnowy Wsi w latach 2013–2015 = Activity of villages supporting social development under the Rural Renewal Programme in 2013–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Jacek Pieczonka
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Village

The village renewal as a development method is one of the ways to achieve development goals, understood not only as an improvement of the infrastructure quality – but in general – as an enhancement of the widely comprehended life quality, which cannot be achieved without involvement of inhabitants themselves. The aim of this article is an attempt to present the Village Renewal Programme (with the example of the Opolskie Voivodeship) as an element stimulating local communities, strengthening social capital, which can be expressed by the number of projects implemented by individual rural administrative units. To achieve this aim, the reports of the rural administrative units (about 600 a year) on the implementation of the Rural Renewal Programme (in the period of 2013–2015) were analyzed. The most important conclusion that can be drawn from the conducted research is that the Rural Renewal Programme has proved to be an effective concept and method for developing rural areas, where it has been implemented so far. By the means of this undertaking it was possible to mobilize numerous rural communities with inadequate amount of funds to initiate activities, which had been reflected in the number of implemented projects.

scholarly journals Does A Market Systems Approach Revitalize Smallholder Irrigation Schemes? Evidence from Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Masasi ◽  
John N. Ng’ombe
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
Smallholder Irrigation

Smallholder irrigation schemes potentially improve the livelihoods of rural communities in developing countries. However, they face challenges such as infrastructural decline, lack of funding, lack of markets, shortage of water, underutilization of land, and inefficient irrigation systems. In Zimbabwe, the government carried out rehabilitation programs to address these problems but the performance of smallholder irrigation schemes remained poor. These chronic challenges triggered experts to adopt a market systems approach (MSA) to revitalize failing irrigation schemes. Using primary and secondary data sources collected in 2015, this study used a “before” and “after” descriptive assessment approach to determine the effectiveness of the MSA at revitalizing smallholder irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe. We used Mutema Irrigation Scheme as a case study. Results suggest that the MSA leads to improved efficiency of irrigation infrastructure, farm gross margins, willingness to pay irrigation fees and farmers’ standard of living. While this research does not econometrically establish causation of relations between variables involved, our results provide a foundation for future research on the application of the MSA to revitalize underperforming smallholder irrigation schemes in developing countries.

History, Heritage and Sustainable Development: A Position Statement on the Scottish Highlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
S. Karly Kehoe ◽  
Chris Dalglish
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Taking Charge ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Crucial Part

Evidence of how history and culture have been or should be harnessed to promote sustainability in remote and rural communities is mounting. To be sustainable, development must come from within, it must serve future generations as well as those in the present and it must attend to the vitality of culture, society, the economy and the environment. Historical research has an important contribution to make to sustainability, especially if undertaken collaboratively, by challenging and transcending the boundaries between disciplines and between the professional researchers, communities and organisations which serve and work with them. The Sustainable Development Goals’ motto is ‘leaving no one behind’, and for the 17 Goals to be met, there must be a dramatic reshaping of the ways in which we interact with each other and with the environment. Enquiry into the past is a crucial part of enabling communities, in all their shapes and sizes, to develop in sustainable ways. This article considers the rural world and posits that historical enquiry has the potential to deliver insights into the world in which we live in ways that allow us to overcome the negative legacies of the past and to inform the planning of more positive and progressive futures. It draws upon the work undertaken with the Landscapes and Lifescapes project, a large partnership exploring the historic links between the Scottish Highlands and the Caribbean, to demonstrate how better understandings of the character and consequences of previous development might inform future development in ways that seek to tackle injustices and change unsustainable ways of living. What we show is how taking charge of and reinterpreting the past is intrinsic to allowing the truth (or truths) of the present situation to be brought to the surface and understood, and of providing a more solid platform for overcoming persistent injustices.

Making It Count

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunabh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Statistics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Great Leap Forward

In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.

Ghana: the State of Agriculture and Prospects for Food Security in the Context of Achieving SDGs

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government

For the first time in Russian African studies, the author examines the current state of agriculture, challenges and prospects for food security in Ghana, which belongs to the group of African countries that have made the most progress in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs are a collection of 17 global goals adopted by UN member states in 2015 with a view of achieving them by 2030. The SDGs include: ending poverty in all its forms everywhere (Goal 1); ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture (2); ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages (3), etc. These goals are considered fundamental because the achievement of a number of other SDGs – for example, ensuring quality education (4), achieving gender equality (5), ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns (12), etc. – largely depends on their implementation. Ghana was commended by the world community for the significant reduction in poverty, hunger and malnutrition between 2000 and 2014, i.e. for the relatively successful implementation of the first of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000–2015) – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger. However, SDGs require more careful study and planning of implementation measures. In order to achieve the SDGs, the Government of Ghana has adopted a number of programs, plans and projects, the successful implementation of which often stumbles upon the lack of funding and lack of coordination between state bodies, private and public organizations, foreign partners – donors and creditors, etc., which are involved in the processes of socioeconomic development of Ghana. The author determines the reasons for the lack of food security in Ghana, gives an assessment of the state of the agricultural sector, the effective development of which is a prerequisite for the reduction of poverty and hunger, primarily due to the engagement of a significant share (45%) of the economically active population in this sector. The study shows that the limited growth in food production is largely due to the absence of domestic markets and necessary roads, means of transportation, irrigation and storage infrastructure, as well as insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, rather than to a shortage of fertile land or labor.

Pengembangan Pengelolaan Dana Desa Terhadap Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Desa Di Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Hasjad Hasjad
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

Development of village fund management is very much needed by the community so that it can be enjoyed by all levels of society in the villages. The seriousness of the government in developing villages is evidenced by the start of allocation of the Village Fund budget for 2015. The allocation of the Village Fund is mandated by Law (Law) Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and Government Regulation (PP) Number 6 of 2014 concerning Village Funds Sourced from STATE BUDGET. The regulation explained that the administration of the village government adheres to the principle of decentralization and the task of assistance. The principle of decentralization raises village internal funding (Desa APBD), while the principle of co-administration provides an opportunity for Villages to obtain funding sources from the government above it (APBN, Provincial APBD, Regency / City APBD). This study aims to observe what the development of village funds looks like, how they are implemented and the impact of the use of village funds in supporting development activities and community empowerment. The research method used is a qualitative research method that relies on observing places, actors and activities in Konawe Selatan Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, which was chosen as a case study. Initial observations show that the Village Fund does not have significant results in improving the welfare of the community. These indications are evident in the welfare of the community which has not improved with the existence of the village fund. Therefore it is necessary to develop a good management of village funds to improve the welfare of rural communities, especially in Konawe Selatan District. The output to be achieved is the scientific publication with ISSN Online and the level of technological Readiness that will be achieved 1-3.

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