scholarly journals Inventory of counterfeit drugs, history of antibiotics and presentation of the ministry in charge with four of the largest public health centers in Niger using them in 2016-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salifou Karimoune FADJIMATA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
The People ◽  
Counterfeit Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

Context: Counterfeit medicine is a substance capable of curing a living, which is made fraudulently without responding to WHO standards. Today, the population Street increasingly to illicit markets to buy drugs at lower cost to the sellers. So, the sale of counterfeit medicines has first become the problem that tempts the media. Those drug supply have become not only a threat to the health of the population but also to the economy and security of many countries including in Niger. The street drug trade is a very growing activity in Niger. Antibiotic is a drug which treats infectious bacterial diseases. Associated with vaccination, it eliminates or greatly reduces the main epidemic diseases. Evidence: Surveys on the use of drugs and in particular antibiotics have been carried out. The people targeted are those of the Ministry of Public Health, health workers stationed in hospitals and referral health centers; pharmacists and drugstore vendors, street vendors. Results: The presentation of Ministry of Public Health in charge of health belonging to 4 greatest health centers were recorded as being used by the Nigerien population to have the most commonly antibiotics used by them. The βeta-lactam family (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin and Cloxacillin) (60/100); the Fluoro-quinolones family (ciprofloxacin) (20/100); the imidazole family (Metronidazol) (20/100) were the most used species. Conclusion: The review on counterfeit drugs, the history of antibiotics and the presentation of the main health centers involved in Niger provided substantial details on the use of drugs to treat infectious diseases. These complete basic data could certainly encourage some researchers to undertake research on other molecules which could lead to the quality control of these drugs for the treatment of the diseases which concern them and to have notions on the functioning of the services concerned by approaching these latter.

The Role of Religious Force in the Wukan Incident

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Yuxin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The Village

Abstract The Wukan Incident attracted extensive attention both in China and around the world, and has been interpreted from many different perspectives. In both the media and academia, the focus has very much been on the temporal level of the Incident. The political and legal dimensions, as well as the implications of the Incident in terms of human rights have all been pored over. However, what all of these discussions have overlooked is the role played by religious force during the Incident. The village of Wukan has a history of over four hundred years, and is deeply influenced by the religious beliefs of its people. Within both the system of religious beliefs and in everyday life in the village, the divine immortal Zhenxiu Xianweng and the religious rite of casting shengbei have a powerful influence. In times of peace, Xianweng and casting shengbei work to bestow good fortune, wealth and longevity on both the village itself, and the individuals who live there. During the Wukan Incident, they had a harmonizing influence, and helped to unify and protect the people. Looking at the specific roles played by religion throughout the Wukan Incident will not only enable us to develop a more meaningful understanding of the cultural nature and the complexity of the Incident itself, it will also enrich our understanding, on a divine level, of innovations in social management.

The integration of cultures: music of the people of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Gulmira Mussagulova ◽  
Zulfiya Kassimova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the consideration and study of the creativity of the most prominent representatives of the musical art of national ethnic groups, the role of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, the identification of various criteria for the relationship of ethnic groups living in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the peculiarities of their life, way of life, spheres of life, their relationship and views on the modern State, created by the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Nursultan Nazarbayev. The core of the projects completed in the period from 2012 to 2017 includes not only historical facts and materials found from the State Archives, Central Scientific Library and the National Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also an overview of active participation in many events related to the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, to the 20th and 25th anniversaries of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, associated with the considered ethnocultural centers and representatives of certain ethnic groups. Through the media, participation in international scientific and practical conferences, previously unknown facts of the studied ethnic groups were highlighted, and their relationship with the main population of the republic, their contribution to the multinational culture of Kazakhstan, which in turn confirms the prudent, orderly, and wise policy of Elbasy (The Head of the State). The authors use the following methods in the study: historical-chronological, source study, analytical, comparative, and interviewing. Since 2012, in Kazakh musicology, the musical heritage of ethnic groups inhabiting Kazakhstan has been studied. A unique opportunity for a full-fledged study of their work is presented thanks to the activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan and systematic state policy, under the leadership of the First President. In 2017, the second book, entitled "The Historical Significance of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in Interethnic Cultural Integration", was published, which became a fruitful result of the research project in 2015–2017. This book is a kind of continuation of the series, which began in the previous collective monograph "The Musical Art of the People of Kazakhstan", which was published at the end of 2014 and has undergone extensive testing not only among professionals, but also among fans of the musical culture of multinational Kazakhstan. Such research projects, which were not previously carried out in the domestic humanitarian science, are significant and in demand, since before their appearance in domestic musicology there were only separate reports on the activities of cultural centers, articles in the media and on Internet sites, a brief analysis of the work of specific masters in publications devoted to the study of the history of musical art of numerous national cultures. They give only fragmentary ideas about the art of the ethnic groups in question. The relevance and insufficient elaboration of these problems served as the basis for the study "The historical significance of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in interethnic cultural integration", carried out by the Department of Musicology of the M. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The implementation of such a complex and significant topic for the national musical art, coverage of the activities of large cultural centers of different ethnic groups, and much more makes it possible to determine the contribution of each of them to the history of Kazakhstan's development and outline ways to preserve the traditional folklore heritage and identity. In this regard, these projects are relevant and socially and politically significant at the state level.

Malaria and the Political Economy of Public Health

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The American South ◽  
The Third World

After more than a decade when the disease was under increasing control, malaria has been making a dramatic resurgence in the 1970s. Even more troubling has been the inadequacy of government response despite appeals by public health officials and despite the availability of adequate resources. This article seeks an understanding of this decontrol in the history of the political economy of public health and in an analysis of the current international economic crisis. An examination of several episodes in the history of malaria control and related public health programs shows how they have played a role in and been defined by a series of social and political conflicts. These conflicts have included agrarian unrest in the American South, colonial expansion in the Third World, peasant revolution in China, the Cold War, and a whole series of urban and rural upheavals for and against development in the post-World War II period. An examination of the current world crisis suggests that it is another such period of social conflict—one in which various sectors of business and various governments are trying to restore the conditions of growth and accumulation which were ruptured in the late 1960s by an international cycle of social instability. Allowing malaria to spread, like allowing drought and flood to turn into famine, thus appears as a de facto repressive use of “nature” to reestablish social control. Such circumstances raise hard questions both for the public at large and for public health workers as to the most effective means of reversing these trends.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION OF THE MENTALITY IN A TRANSITIVE SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Elena V. Kharitonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article deals with the peculiarities of translating mentality through language in a transforming society. The article reveals the idea of a transitive society and the psychology of transitivity. It is shown that a transitive society influences social representations and values, determines attitudes and goals. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of language and mentality in the context of globalization, when there is an increase in changes in language, including in the Internet language. The language of the people is one of the main mechanisms for transmitting the mentality, through which a special national way of thinking is formed. Numerous studies have shown that the transitivity of society, accompanied by the influence of high technologies, informatization, and virtualization, has a transformative effect on the mentality as a whole. In the history of Russia, the fundamental transformations of society associated with the revolution of 1917 also determined changes in the language in the post-revolutionary period, which were manifested in the increase in the number of jargon, abbreviations of words, and the introduction of foreign borrowings into the language. In the works of scientists of those years, the peculiarities of the influence of foreign borrowings on people's consciousness and mentality in general were analyzed. V. M. Bekhterev, N. S. Trubetskoy, A. M. Selishchev, A. A. Potebnya and others paid attention to the study of these processes. Excessive changes in language can pose a threat to the national mentality due to their impact on traditional values, their destruction and the introduction of new values in a globalized world. The role of the media as a native speaker of a new language and as a tool for influencing mass consciousness is outlined. The most intensive manipulation of the masses through language influences increases in unstable, transitional periods of society development.

scholarly journals The Need for State Ideology in the State to Ensure Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melnikov Victor Yurievich
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Federation

Human society is not a history of ideas, as such, of the activities or the vicissitudes of destinies, the so-called historical personalities acting according to the arbitrariness of their mind and heart. The history of society has its “earthly basis”. This is, first of all, the history of the development of people, their existence, traditions of the people, spirituality, moral values, economic development, rules of conduct, laws of the country in which you live, in short, the ideology of the state and how it is presented by the authorities through the media.  But in Russia, as stated in article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, "No ideology can be established as a state or mandatory." The same Constitution recognizes “ideological diversity”.  Subsequent postulates of the same Constitution of the Russian Federation refute the foregoing.

scholarly journals Pendampingan Kader Puskesmas Dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Rumah Tangga Sebagai Kompos

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Maksuk ◽  
Lukman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Bank Managers ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Waste Bank

The cadres of public health center  have an important role in managing of households in the community, therefore it is important to improve skills to manage such waste so that the waste can be utilized and beneficial. The method of managing household waste in this activity uses the concept of Pilah – Kumpul - Manfaat - Untung (PKMU) to reduce the volume of household waste and provide benefits to the community. Participants involved in this activity were health workers, kader of community health centers and the community of RT 14 and RT 33. The Achievement targets in this activity were to improve the ability of health workers and cadres to manage of household waste, use of household waste for the planting of medicinal plants, families and the formation of independent care working groups for batra activities in health center and the formation of waste bank managers. The results of this activity show that cadres and the community can use household waste as compost, in addition, household waste such as plastic can be reused. The follow up of this activity is the formation of a waste bank manager at the location of the activity.

scholarly journals Legionella, water and biotechnology

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
A. D. J. Cortés-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The People ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Legionella spp. are microorganisms that are generally found in the aquatic environment (rivers, streams, lakes, among others). The importance in public health is in the fact that this bacterium is capable of multiplying and propagating in artificial aquatic systems (piping systems, storage tanks, fountains, and cooling towers), giving rise to diseases in humans called legionellosis, transmitted by inhalation of contaminated water droplets or aerosols and whose complications can lead to the death of the patient. Legionellosis is of worldwide distribution, Legionella pneumophila being the most commonly involved species in outbreaks and reported cases. The people most at risk are the elderly, people with weakened immune systems, and people with a history of smoking. Around the world, regulatory agencies and health organizations have issued and established recommendations with the purpose of controlling and preventing the risk of contracting this disease, which include the sanitation of water supplies, maintenance through regular cleaning and disinfection of facilities and devices for reducing the presence of this pathogen. The main objective of this review is to present in a general manner, aspects related to the disease known as legionellosis, its casual agents, habitat, transmission form, and phenotypic and metabolic characteristics. Likewise, the methods of control and prevention of these pathogens are presented, including a potential biotechnological alternative that can contribute to actions in favour of the protection of public health through the use of compounds with surface activity called biosurfactants.

scholarly journals Drones Optimized Therapy System (DrOTS): Use of Drones for Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Uttam Pudasaini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Over 50% of the total Nepalese population lives in hilly and mountainous areas with extremely poor transportation and access to health care facilities. With advanced health centers concentrated only in urban areas, and diagnostic laboratories not being present in most primary healthcare facilities, majority of people are forced to have to walk by foot, in an average 6-8 hours, to access proper healthcare facilities. Drone Optimized Therapy System, (DrOTS) aims to improve access to healthcare access in rural villages of Nepal. The pilot phase currently involved improving the accessibility of Tuberculosis diagnostic tests by linking communit y health workers (CHWs) with state-of-the-art diagnostic tools (GeneXpert) via drones in two municipalities of Pyuthan district, Nepal. The drones fly from central Hospitals to remote healthcare centers and bring back sputum samples for diagnosis. The purpose of this project is to assist the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) and National Tuberculosis Center (NTC) by generating the data necessary to assess the suitability of the drones-based services for nationwide expansion. The aerial distance between any two points being lesser than the actual road distance, drone technology has come out as a very popular tool in transporting medical samples/medicines between health centers. Drones can be used as crucial tools to connect primary healthcare facilities to hospitals by delivering patient information such as blood, urine, sputum, stool etc. samples required for diagnosis from primary facilities to hospitals, and medicines from hospitals to patients in nearby rural locations for treatment. The project team consists of multisector experts; Public Health- Birat Nepal Medical Trust (BNMT), Drones & Tech - WeRobotics, Nepal Flying Labs & DroNepal, Research: The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Govt. stakeholders: MoHP Nepal, the National TB Center and the District Public Health Office (DPHO Pyuthan) is supported by Stony Brook University and the Simons Foundation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2019 Page: 14

scholarly journals Rodolfo dos Santos Mascarenhas: a pioneer of health history

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1141
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
New Model ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Health History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

Studies on the work of Mascarenhas analyze his contribution to the history of health in Sao Paulo and the aspects of his work which place him in what is entitled the second generation of health workers of São Paulo state - being the first generation the one led by Emílio Ribas. This article recaptures these points and highlights his last works on preventive and community medicine. We argue that the conception of public health consolidated during his education was essential for his interest in the new model of medicine that was starting to spread in the country.

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