scholarly journals Terapia ocupacional e cultura: atravessamento, recurso ou campo de atuação? / Occupational Therapy and culture: crossing, resource or practice field?

Author(s):  
Monica Villaça Gonçalves ◽  
Samira Lima Da Costa ◽  
Beatriz Akemi Takeiti

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar e discutir as possibilidades de atuação da Terapia Ocupacional no campo da Cultura, a partir das reflexões docentes provocadas por estudantes da graduação em Terapia Ocupacional de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública. Hoje as políticas públicas brasileiras apresentam a cultura enquanto direito. Cultura, nesse caso, não apenas entendida como manifestações artísticas e estéticas, mas enquanto uma questão de identidade, protegendo, assim, também a sua diversidade. Para a realização desta pesquisa, optou-se pela metodologia qualitativa a partir de uma abordagem descritivo-analítica, tendo como método a pesquisa documental do diário de aulas de dois semestres seguidos da disciplina de Terapia Ocupacional Social de um curso de uma Universidade Federal. Os resultados foram divididos em 3 categorias de análise: (1) Cultura atravessando a prática, (2) Cultura enquanto recurso e (3) Cultura enquanto um Campo de atuação da Terapia Ocupacional. Compreende-se que a Cultura pode se delimitar como campo específico de atuação, o que aponta para a necessidade de estudos e uma formação direcionados particularmente a essas políticas, serviços e práticas. Os dados desta pesquisa em particular somados as diversas experiências da Terapia Ocupacional no Campo da Cultura têm demonstrado a necessidade de repensarmos a formação profissional. Uma pista importante seria realizar uma revisão nas diretrizes curriculares nacionais, levando em consideração o campo da Cultura como lócus de produção de conhecimento e de intervenção do terapeuta ocupacional. Aponta-se que é preciso investir nessa formação para a consolidação das práticas do Terapeuta Ocupacional no Campo da Cultura. Abstract This paper aims to analyze and discuss the possibilities of action of occupational therapy in the field of Culture, by teachers reflections caused by the graduate students in Occupational Therapy in a public Higher Education Institution (HEI). Today the Brazilian public policies comprehend culture as a right. Culture, in this case, not only understood as aesthetic and artistic expressions, but as a matter of identity, thus protecting also the diversity. For this research, we chose the qualitative methodology from a descriptive and analytical approach, with the method of documentary research in the classroom diary followed by two semesters of discipline Social Occupational Therapy classes, in a course of a Federal University. The results were divided into three categories of analysis: (1) Culture crossing the practice, (2) Culture as a resource and (3) Culture while a field of practice of Occupational Therapy. It is understood that culture can define the specific field of expertise, which shows the need for studies and training targeted particularly to those policies, services and practices. Results from this study in particular added the various experiences of Occupational Therapy in the Field of Culture have shown the need to rethink vocational training. An important clue would conduct a review of national curriculum guidelines, taking into account the field of culture as knowledge production locus and intervention of occupational therapist. It points out that it is necessary to invest in such training for the consolidation of the practices Occupational Therapist in the Field of CultureKeywords: Occupational therapy. Culture. Citizenship, Vocational training. Resumen Este artículo tiene como proposito analizar y debater lasposibilidades de laactuación de la terapia ocupacional enel âmbito de la Cultura, desde las reflexiones docentes generado por losestudiantes graduados enla Terapia Ocupacional enel centro de enseñanza superior (IES) publica. Hoy, laspoliticapublicasbrasileñaspresentanla cultura como derecho. Cultura, en neste caso, no sólo entendida como manifestaciones artísticas y estéticas, sino como uma cuestión de la identidade, protegiendotambiénsu diversidade. Para esta investigación, elegimosel enfoque cualitativo a partir de un enfoque analítico descriptivo, teniendo como base el método documentaldeldiario de campo de lasclases de los dos semestres consecutivos de la disciplina de Terapia Ocupacional Social de uncurso de una Universidad Publica. Los resultados obtenidos se dividieranentres categorias de análisis: (1) Cultura atravesandolapráctica, (2) Cultura como recurso y (3) Cultura como um campo de acción de la Terapia Ocupacional. Se entiende que la Cultura puede definir como campo específico de acción, con una finalidade determinada, lo que apunta para lanecesidad de los estúdios y uma formacción dirigida enparticular  aaquellas políticas, servicios y prácticas. Los datos de este estudio especialmente sumado a las diversas experienciasde la Terapia Ocupacional enelámbito de la Cultura han demonstrado lanecesidad de replantearlaformaciónprofesional. Una pista importante llevaría a uma revisión de lasdirectrices curriculares nacionales, teniendo em cuentaelámbito de la Cultura como locus de produccióndelconociento y laintervencióndel terapeuta ocupacional. Se apunta que és necesarioinvertiren neste tipo de formación para laconsolidación de lasprácticas de el terapeuta ocupacional enelámbito de la Cultura.Palalvras claves: Terapia Ocupacional, Cultura, Ciudadanía Cultural, Formación Profesional.

Author(s):  
Karoline De Souza Alves ◽  
Bárbara Dos Santos Gameleira ◽  
Bruno Costa Poltronieri ◽  
Naila Pereira Souza

Nos últimos anos, obteve-se maior inserção de terapeutas ocupacionais em serviços que compõe a Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a produção científica brasileira acerca da formação do terapeuta ocupacional para a atuação na APS. Realizou-se uma busca nas bibliotecas e bases de dados CAPES, SCIELO, LILACS e em periódicos da profissão no país, resultando em 16 artigos a serem revisados e discutidos através de análise temática. A partir da leitura do material foi identificado a repetição de núcleos de sentido sendo definido a organização do conteúdo nos seguintes temas: 1) Princípios, diretrizes e ferramentas da APS na formação do terapeuta ocupacional; 2) Diferentes cenários e estratégias de ensino na formação do terapeuta ocupacional e; 3) Principais desafios vivenciados na formação em terapia ocupacional para atuação na APS. Observou-se que na formação foram discutidas a importância da longitudinalidade do cuidado, a ordenação da rede, e a relevância do aprendizado das principais ferramentas, como o acolhimento, o vínculo, a clínica ampliada, o apoio matricial e o Projeto Terapêutico Singular. Esses conceitos da prática na APS são vivenciados desde a graduação até a formação continuada. Considera-se que o aprendizado vem se dando em consonância com as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso, através de experiências teórico-práticas e sob a luz dos principais conceitos, princípios e diretrizes das principais políticas públicas voltadas ao estabelecimento e organização da APS, independente dos obstáculos encontrados. AbstractIn recent years, it was obtained greater insertion of occupational therapists in services that compose the Primary Health Care (PHC). The purpose of this study is to analyze the Brazilian scientific production about the formation of the occupational therapist to work in PHC. A search was performed in the libraries and databases CAPES, SCIELO, LILACS and in professional journals in the country, resulting in 16 articles to be reviewed and discussed through thematic analysis. From the reading of the material was identified the repetition of center of meaning being defined the organization of content in the following themes: 1) Principles, guidelines and tools of PHC in the training of occupational therapist; 2) Different scenarios and teaching strategies in occupational therapist training and; 3) Main challenges experienced in occupational therapy training for PHC. It was observed that the experiences are based on the main guidelines, recognizing the importance of longitudinality of care and ordering of the network, and the relevance of learning the main tools such as welcoming, bonding, expanded clinic, matrix support and the Singular Therapeutic Project. These concepts of practice in PHC are experienced since graduation until the spaces of continuing education as multidisciplinary residences and graduate programs. Learning is considered to be in line with the National Curriculum Guidelines of the course, through theoretical and practical experiences and in the light of the main concepts, principles and guidelines of the main public policies aimed at establishing and organizing PHC regardless of obstacles encountered.Key words: Occupational Therapy; Primary Health Care; Professional Qualification. ResumenEn los últimos años, se logró una mayor inserción de terapeutas ocupacionales en los servicios que componen la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la producción científica brasileña sobre la formación del terapeuta ocupacional para trabajar en APS. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bibliotecas y bases de datos periódicas de CAPES, SCIELO, LILACS y en revistas profesionales del país, lo que resultó en 16 artículos para ser revisados y discutidos mediante análisis temático. A partir de la lectura se identificó la repetición de núcleos de significado definiéndose la organización del contenido en los siguientes temas: 1) Principios, pautas y herramientas de APS en la formación del terapeuta ocupacional; 2) Diferentes escenarios y estrategias de enseñanza en la formación del professional y; 3) Principales desafíos experimentados en la capacitación en TO para la APS. Se observó que las experiencias se guían por las pautas principales, reconociendo la importancia de la longitudinalidad de la atención, el orden de la red, y la relevancia de aprender las herramientas principales como la bienvenida, el vínculo, la clínica ampliada, el apoyo matricial y el Proyecto Singular Terapéutico. Estos conceptos de práctica en APS se experimentan desde espacios de pregrado hasta educación continua. Se considera que el aprendizaje está en línea con las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales del curso, a través de experiencias teóricas y prácticas y a la luz de los principales conceptos, principios y directrices de las principales políticas públicas destinadas a establecer y organizar la APS independientemente de los obstáculos encontrados.Palabras clave: Terapia ocupacional; Atención primaria de salud; Formación Profesional. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Cristina Rocha Paranhos ◽  
Lívia De Rezende Cardoso

This article builds a mapping in order to analyze the theses and dissertations about body, health, curriculum and training of health professionals. For this, theses and dissertations were mapped in the period from 2010 to 2020 through a state-of-the-art study. The composition of the data is given by the presentation and discussion of the listed texts. As for research, these concern the production of bodies based on biotechnological discourses; professional training in health; others point to the curricula of health courses after the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN); the performance of health professionals in relation to the Unified Health System (SUS); teaching strategies for health training; corporeidity in the curricula, especially in the curricula of the Physical Education course; the anatomoclinical body and educational health practices. In this perspective, some contributions, limits and possibilities of this academic production were observed.


Author(s):  
Kallia Katsampoxaki-Hodgetts ◽  
Stylianos Terzakis ◽  
Nikolaos Chaniotakis

An inquiry science-based education is commonly followed in a variety of educational contexts around the world and is a key parameter in various national curriculum guidelines. The impetus of this chapter is to record the initial and final reactions of science teachers participating in a series of one-year action research and training program that took place in the University of Crete (UoC) in 2013-2016, identify their perception of the first training course, and explore the impact this data had on the program's redesign for the following training session by the technical board. Teacher reactions and responses regarding what they thought had, and had not, worked well in their classes were taken into account prior to re-designing the training program that the new teachers were going to join the following year. Looking into the general benefits as well as challenges, the authors also examined the overall effect of the UoC IBSE training program to participants as reported by both students and teachers.


Author(s):  
Fernanda Costa Martins Gallotti ◽  
Emily Santos Costa ◽  
Gabriela Aragão Santos Oliveira ◽  
Manuela de Carvalho Vieira Martins ◽  
Meiriane do Carmo Passos ◽  
...  

Nursing education and training based on content and technicality has undergone a process over the years mainly with the proposal of national curriculum guidelines to implement changes in the curriculum and the insertion of new teaching methodologies by educational institutions. Thus, realistic simulation is born with the proposal to actively teach students and promote the development of numerous skills and competences. Objective: to analyze evidence of the use and effectiveness of realistic simulation as an active method of teaching and learning in nursing in the academic and professional context. Methodology: Integrative review, carried out on the databases: Cochrane, ERIC, Medline, Science Direct and PubMed. The descriptors were selected based on the list of Health Sciences Descriptors - DeCS / MeSH were: Nursing, Active learning, simulation training, matching the search terms, using the Boolean operator AND. Results: The final sample resulted in 37 articles. It was possible to observe that the simulation helps in critical thinking, reasoning, clinical judgment, leadership, autonomy and decision-making favoring patient care and that it can be performed in different formats, such as virtual simulation, clinical case simulators, simulation with games and room simulation with simulated scenario. The introduction of this methodology in educational institutions ended up being a limitation found, in addition to the need for technologies and training for teachers. Conclusion: From the results of this study, it is concluded that realistic simulation is a method capable of preparing students and professionals to meet health needs.


Author(s):  
Karine Guedes Ferreira ◽  
Monica Villaça Gonçalves

O suicídio é atualmente uma questão social e de saúde pública mundial. No Brasil as taxas vêm aumentando gradativamente. Estudos mostram que os profissionais de saúde nem sempre estão preparados para lidar com pacientes com questões relacionadas ao suicídio. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as relações entre o suicídio e a prática da terapia ocupacional a partir das percepções de estudantes de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública sobre o tema. Foram realizadas 13 entrevistas com estudantes de terapia ocupacional de uma IES. Os resultados foram analisados pela abordagem da análise de conteúdo e divididos em duas categorias: (1) Suicídio e a prática da Terapia Ocupacional: a importância da prevenção e (2) Suicídio e questões éticas. Os estudantes entrevistados fazem apontamentos que se relacionam com as políticas públicas nacionais, principalmente no que se refere a prevenção do suicídio e destacam também questões éticas nessa prática. É preciso que o tema seja discutido na graduação, pois a reflexão anterior à prática auxilia os futuros profissionais em suas atuações. Abstract Suicide is a global public health and social issue. In Brazil, rates have gradually increased. Studies show that health professionals are not always prepared to deal with patients with suicide issues. This article aims to reflect on the relationship between suicide and the practice of occupational therapy from the perceptions of students of a public higher education institution (HEI) about the subject. Thirteen interviews were conducted with students of occupational therapy at an HEI. The results were analyzed by the content analysis approach and divided into two categories: (1) Suicide and Occupational Therapy practice: the importance of prevention and (2) Suicide and ethical issues. The interviewed students make notes that relate to national public policies, especially regarding suicide prevention and also highlight ethical issues in this practice. It is necessary that the subject be discussed in the graduation, because the reflection before the practice helps the future professionals in their performancesKeywords: Professional Training; Public Health; Suicide; Occupational Therapy. 


Author(s):  
Débora Ribeiro da Silva Campos Folha ◽  
Ewerlin Bruna Neves Gomes Tavares ◽  
Maely Sacramento de Souto

Introdução: A formação graduada em Terapia Ocupacional, ao longo dos anos, tem se deparado com a necessidade de capacitar os profissionais para atuarem na multiplicidade que envolve os campos da saúde, social, da cultura e da educação. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou identificar e analisar como vem ocorrendo a formação do terapeuta ocupacional para o campo da educação nas IES públicas de Belém (PA). Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, da qual participaram 12 concluintes dos cursos de Terapia Ocupacional das duas IES públicas que ofertam o Curso na cidade de Belém (PA). Foram utilizadas entrevistas e grupos focais para a coleta dos dados, que passaram por análise temática. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de promover o contato, na formação graduada, com conteúdos e práticas que capacitem os terapeutas ocupacionais em formação para a compreensão do campo educacional, visto que os participantes do estudo, predominantemente, tiveram contato com o campo educacional em atividades extracurriculares, quando tiveram. Conclusões: Cabe estimular os Cursos de Terapia Ocupacional de Belém a inserir conteúdos e práticas voltadas ao campo em seus currículos prescritos e vividos. Do mesmo modo, sugere-se a atualização das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Terapia Ocupacional, com a inclusão de competências que remetam à interface Terapia Ocupacional e Educação.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Educação. Formação Profissional. Graduação.AbstractIntroduction: The initial training in Occupational Therapy, over the years, has been faced with the need to train professionals to act in the multiplicity that involves the fields of health, social, culture and education. Objective: This study aimed to identify and analyze how the occupational therapist training for the field of education has been taking place in public HEIs in Belém (PA). Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, which was attended by 12 graduates of the Occupational Therapy courses of the two public HEIs offering the Course in the city of Belém (PA). Interviews and focus groups were used to collect the data, which underwent a thematic analysis. Results: The results pointed to the need to promote contact, in graduate education, with contents and practices that enable occupational therapists in training to understand the educational field, since the study participants, predominantly, had contact with the educational field in activities extracurricular, when they had. Conclusions: It is appropriate to encourage the Occupational Therapy Courses in Belém to insert contents and practices aimed at the field in their prescribed and lived curricula. Likewise, it is suggested to update the National Curriculum Guidelines for Occupational Therapy, with the inclusion of skills that refer to the Occupational Therapy and Education interface.Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Education. Professional qualification. Undergraduation.ResumenIntroducción: La capacitación inicial en Terapia Ocupacional, a lo largo de los años, ha enfrentado la necesidad de capacitar a profesionales para trabajar en la multiplicidad que involucra los campos de la salud, social, cultural y educativo. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar cómo se ha llevado a cabo la capacitación de terapeutas ocupacionales para el campo de la educación en las IES públicas de Belém (PA). Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, en la que participaron 12 graduados de los cursos de Terapia Ocupacional de las dos IES públicas que ofrecen el curso en la ciudad de Belém (PA). Se utilizaron entrevistas y grupos focales para recopilar los datos, que se sometieron a análisis temáticos. Resultados: Los resultados señalaron la necesidad de promover el contacto, en la educación de posgrado, con contenidos y prácticas que permitan a los terapeutas ocupacionales en capacitación comprender el campo educativo, ya que los participantes del estudio, predominantemente, tuvieron contacto con el campo educativo en las actividades. extracurricular, cuando tenían. Conclusiones: es necesario alentar a los cursos de Terapia Ocupacional en Belém a insertar contenidos y prácticas dirigidas al campo en sus planes de estudio prescritos y vividos. Asimismo, se sugiere actualizar las Pautas Curriculares Nacionales para la Terapia Ocupacional, con la inclusión de habilidades que se refieran a la interfaz de Terapia Ocupacional y Educación.Palabras clave: Terapia ocupacional. Educación. Formación profesional. Graduado universitario.


Author(s):  
Lina Kaminskiene ◽  
Judita Bertašiūtė

The article discusses the problem of overeducation which is described as a situation when individuals gain education higher than required in the labour market and, thus, fall into the so-called opportunity trap (Brown et al., 2011). Individuals’ investment into their education does not meet the expectations: they must expand their career opportunities by changing a career direction towards vocational training. The article aims to reveal the reasons that lead to such a situation. The case analysis revealed three periods which characterize and explain transformations in individuals’ considerations about the value of education and qualification. The 1st period describes a transition of graduates from secondary school to higher education institution. It reveals factors determining the choice of higher education institution. The 2nd period describes experiences of students in higher education system until changing their career for vocational training.  The 3rd period reveals main reasons and factors of students’ choices.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quynh Hoa ◽  
◽  
Phung Chu Hoang ◽  

Quality outcomes from vocational education and training (VET) are fundamental to ensuring a skilled workforce and supporting a productive economy. The quality of vocational training from the demand’s perspective is defined as meeting the customer specification, needs or requirements. Using the method of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis to get the analytical results of 275 respondents as graduates of University of Transport and Communication, University of Transport Technology (the two universities training on transportation in the North of Vietnam), the results show that factors are measured by the observed variables in the study that ensure reliability and relevance. The descriptive statistics result of vocational training quality is 3.28, while all independent variables are at average level (between 3.1 to 3.48) with the highest value related to the quality of the teacher and the lowest are facilities and training programs and management capacity of university. However, the regression results show that the qualification of the teacher, material facilities and training program, management capacity and job opportunities at the training school do not affect the quality of the training while “Learners-NH” have a great positive effect and the labor market information has a negative effect on the training quality of the school significantly. Base on those data, some policy recommendations have been given out in order to improve the training quality of transport technology universities in the north of Vietnam in particular and the vocational training quality of Vietnam in general.


Author(s):  
Dennis Ping-Cheng Wang

This chapter outlines the historical background and current development of music education assessment in China. Following the revision of the national curriculum guidelines in 2011, the chapter analyzes (1) the value of the national standards at different school levels, (2) how the national standards affect teachers and schools, and (3) how much the teachers read/follow the guidelines in China. This chapter investigates and examines how assessment policy and practice are used in Chinese music classrooms from elementary, middle, and high schools. Furthermore, it discusses how local music teachers assess their music students and the effectiveness of the national curriculum guidelines used in music classes. The author determines that the current practice of music assessment at all school levels in China is too basic and not diversified. Designing a valid assessment that allows students at all levels to demonstrate their learning outcomes seems to be necessary for music education in China.


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