scholarly journals Engineering and Economic Analysis of the Synthesis of Fluoride Tin Oxide Film Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Mass Balance Calculation ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Parameters

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Fluoride Tin Oxide (SnO2/F) production in home-scale industry in engineering point of view and economic evaluation perspective. This material is considered due to its wide range of energy-related applications. Evaluation of the SnO2/F production in engineering perspective is conducted from the selection of the most economical process, mass balance calculation, to the adaptation in the commercially available apparatuses. Evaluation of the production from the economic point of view is done by calculating economic parameters: Gross Profit Margin, Internal Rate Return, Payback Period, Cummulative Net Present Value, Profitability Index, and Breakeven Point. In short of the production process, we used the pure tin (as the metal precursor) and ammonium fluoride (as the source of Flouride for doping). The engineering point of view showed that the process is able to produce conductive glass that can be used as the active electrode substrate in the solar cell. Economic evaluation showed that the process is profitable, confirmed by the positive values from all economic parameters. However, for some cases that are compared to the market and the local bank interest, the process is not attractive for investor. Thus, to make them attractive, support from government or corporate social responsibility is required.

scholarly journals Engineering and Economic Perspective in The Production of Cu Nano

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Annisa Yuliandini ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Break Even Point

The purpose of this study is to analyze the production of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on an industrial scale in an engineering perspective and economic evaluation perspective. Energy is needed because of various energy related applications. Evaluation of Cu nanoparticle production in an engineering perspective is carried out from the selection of processes that are adapted to industrial scale, calculation of mass balance, to the adjustment of commercially available equipment. Evaluation of production from an economic point of view is done by calculating economic parameters: Gross Profit Margin, Internal Return Rate, Payback Period, Cumulative Net Present Value, Profitability Index, and Break Even Point. Briefly from the production process, we use Copper acetate hydrate (CuAc2.2H2O) (as a source of Cu), Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene-(80)-sorbitan monooleate) and ethylene glycol (as a reducing agent). The engineering viewpoint shows this process is capable of producing Cu nanoparticles which can be used as conductive nanoionic. Economic evaluation determines the process is beneficial, discussing with positive values ​​all economic parameters. However, for some variations this process is not profitable, so economic evaluation is needed.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation and Techno-Economic Sensitivity Analysis of a Mass Integrated Shrimp Biorefinery in North Colombia

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2397
Author(s):  
Antonio Zuorro ◽  
Kariana Andrea Moreno-Sader ◽  
Ángel Darío González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Pinch

The high freshwater consumption requirements in shrimp biorefinery approaches represents one of the major drawbacks of implementing these technologies within the shrimp processing industry. This also affects the costs associated with the plant operation, and consequently, the overall economic performance of the project. The application of mass integration tools such as water pinch analysis can reduce frewshwater consumption by up to 80%, contributing to shrimp biorefinery sustainability. In this work, the economic evaluation and the techno-economic sensitivity analysis for a mass integrated approach for shrimp biorefinery were performed to determine the economic feasibility of the project when located in the North-Colombia region and to identify the critical techno-economic variables affecting the profitability of the process. The integrated approach designed to process 4113.09 tons of fresh shrimp in Colombia reaches a return on investment (%ROI) at 65.88% and a net present value (NPV) at 10.40 MM USD. The process supports decreases of up to 28% in capacity of production and increases of 12% and 11% in the cost of raw materials and variable operating costs without incurring losses, respectively. These findings suggest that the proposed design of the water recycling network coupled to a shrimp biorefinery approach is attractive from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis in the Production of Copper Nanoparticles by Biosynthetic Method using Citrus medica Linn. Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
L S Anggiat ◽  
◽  
R A Fadhilah ◽  
F K Insan ◽  
G C S Girsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Citrus Medica ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Break Even Point

Copper nanoparticles are the most frequently used materials in the field of nanoscience because of their electrical, optical, biomedical, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles with biological methods is known to be environmentally friendly, inexpensive, simple, and capable of producing better nanoparticles than other methods. This study aims to determine the feasibility of an industrial project to manufacture Cu nanoparticles through a biosynthetic method using Citrus medica Linn. extract and evaluate it from an engineering and economic point of view. Some of the parameters used for economic evaluation are Payback Period (PBP), Break Even Point (BEP), and Cumulative Net Present Value (CNPV). The analysis is supported using data taken from online shopping websites. The results showed that the number of Cu nanoparticles that could be produced in one year was 24,000 kg. The total initial capital cost is 272,640.00 USD and the profit is 698,655.90 USD/year. PBP occurred in the 3rd year with the CNPV/TIC value reaching 3.746% in the 9th year. Based on the economic evaluation, the project is concluded to be feasible to run with the anticipated tax and percentage of sales. The results of this study are expected to provide an overview of the economic evaluation of industrial-scale Cu nanoparticles production by biosynthetic method using Citrus medica Linn. extract.

scholarly journals Work organization and economic analysis of the postharvest of an unique Hungarian product

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. Ferencz ◽  
M. Nótári
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Great Plain ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Plain Region ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
And Storage

We have viewed a business in the south of the Great Plain Region from an economic point of view in 2004-2005. The main activity there is pear growing and storage. Four varieties of different time of ripening and storing are grown there. We have measured all the relevant activities, worked out a local normative and prepared a detailed technology. The economic evaluation was based on this data. Activities, like disinfection, pre-storage disinfection and selection, in-storing and out-storing, classification after storage, packaging, as well as loading trucks, were monitored by variety. Storage loss was determined and widely varied according to varieties, length of storage and time of out-storing. Different varieties resulted in different quality classes after storage. Price depended on the quality classes. Economic evaluation was carried out when all the relevant costs and revenues were known. Fixed and variable costs of storage were determined, break-even point was calculate and the market position of the product was evaluated.

Outlining a stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system: an example of application in Aizi Valley, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Vibration Sensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Rainfall

<p>Abstract: In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempt to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Different warning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow susceptible site for further monitoring, Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazard warnings. In addition to these warnings, community-based knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.</p>

Emission Distribution and Regulation of Local Heat Source

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Valíček ◽  
Jana Müllerová ◽  
Vlastimil Kuběna ◽  
Pavel Koštial ◽  
Marta Harničárová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Wide Range

Pollutants can be classified according to their chemical composition, harmfulness, hazardousness, risk rate and toxicity. The most monitored pollutants are particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), organic substances which are in the form of gaseous phase in waste gases expressed as total organic carbon, dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans [1-3]. Other pollutants are divided into several groups and subgroups, such as substances with carcinogenic effects (asbestos, Co, Cd, Be, Ni, As, Cr, dioxins, etc.), solid inorganic contaminants (He, Se, animony, and others) and inorganic pollutants in the form of gases (HCl, HF, ammonia, etc.), organic gases and vapours (phenol, toluene, acetone and many others) and gases causing the greenhouse effect (CO2, methane, N2O, hydrofluorocarbons, etc.). The term particulate matter, or suspended matter refers to the emissions of a wide range of wind drift solids and liquid particles of material in size from several nanometres up to 0.5 mm, which stay in the air for some time. This is a major component of atmospheric pollution, which contributes to harmful effects not only on human health but also on intensity of materials degradation. Into the atmosphere, where we can meet them, regardless of particle size and chemical composition, in the form of a complex heterogeneous mixture, they are released from burning fossil fuels and also from burning biomass-based fuels, while domestic heating accounts for about 16% of the total production of particulate matter [4,5,6]. This percentage represents a degree of imperfect combustion of fuels used in local heating. Emissions from incomplete combustion are undesirable from the point of view of human health as well as from the economic point of view, because this leads to the degradation of materials. Nevertheless, since fuel combustion is necessary for the society, emissions are still produced. This paper presents an automated method of perfect combustion control in local heating in order to minimize emissions being produced.

scholarly journals Direct Current (DC) Motor Speed and Direction Controller

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
Nurshahirah Shaharudin ◽  
Mohd Zamri Hasan ◽  
Syatirah Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Drives ◽  
Variable Resistor ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The direct current motor is an important drive configuration for many applications across a wide range of power and speeds. It has variable characteristics and is used extensively in variable-speed drives. The goals of this project are to control the direction and speed of a Direct Current (DC) motor. Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are several communication devices introduced such as GSM, Wi-Fi, ZIGBEE and Bluetooth. Each of the connections has its own unique specification and application. Among these wireless connections, Bluetooth technology is often implemented and can be sent from the mobile phone at a distance of 10 meters. The speed control was implemented using Bluetooth technology to provide communication access from a smartphone. Instead, the ARDUINO UNO platform can be used to quickly promote electronic systems. And an electronics technique is called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used to achieve speed control, and this technique generates high and low pulses, then these pulses vary the speed in the motor. In order to control this PWM pulse, variable resistors are used and depend on it the speed of the DC motor will increase or decrease. The variable resistor is adjusting to varying the speed of the motor, and the higher the resistance the lower the speed of the motor rotates. The direction of the motor is controlled by the relay by giving and giving a command on the virtual terminal. The speed of the motor is directly proportional to the resistance as the speed increased after the resistance also increased and vice versa. The significance of this study is practical and highly feasible from the economic point of view and has the advantage of running the motor at a higher rating in term of a reliable, durable, accurate and efficient way of controlling speed and direction control.

Cryptospordiosis: An infectious emerging protozoan zoonosis of public health significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Mahendra Pal ◽  
Mati Roba Bulcha ◽  
Adugna Girma Lema ◽  
Sena Roba Bulcha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Hygienic Measures

Zoonoses caused by diverse etiological agents, are important from public health and economic point of view, and are reported in humans and animals from developing and developed nations of the world. Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging food and waterborne zoonotic protozoan disease that has been detected in both human and animal populations all over the world. The source of infection is exogenous, and the ingestion of contaminated food and water is the principal mode of transmission. The oocysts of Cryptosporidium are abundant and pervasive in ambient water, where they can survive for months. It prefers epithelial cells found in the digestive tracts of a wide range of hosts. Waterborne transmission through drinking water or a swimming pool is common, resulting in outbreaks in several nations throughout the world. The disease can manifest itself in sporadic or epidemic forms. The infection has been recorded in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. The watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, anorexia and low grade fever are most commonly observed symptoms. The laboratory help is required to make an unequivocal diagnosis of disease. The preventive strategies include excellent hygienic measures to avoid the contamination of food and water by oocysts of Cryptosporidium. In addition, the role of veterinarian is highly imperative for the management of disease in domestic animals.

scholarly journals Mites (Acari) important in different agroecosystems and their control in Romania*

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
IOAN ROSCA ◽  
MINODORA GUTUE ◽  
CATALIN GUTUE
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Polyphagotarsonemus Latus ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Mite

Mite problems in different agroecosystems in Romania are presented. Of all phytophagousmites known in the country, four species are found on a wide range of crops, with the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), being the most important. The broad mite is difficult to control, but acaricides registered in Romania have provided effective control of this species. Reduction of highly toxic pesticide residues in the environment has been considered important in the country. That could be approached by first reducing the amount of pesticides applied on agricultural land, and second, by finding new pesticides with less toxic active ingredients. This has resulted in reduced numbers of the main groups of pesticides, commercial products and number of active substances. The number of available commercial products varied from12 in 1972–1979 to five in 1980–1989, ten in 1990–1996, four in 1997–2004 and six in 2010, based on five active ingredients. The causes of the decreasing numbers of acaricide products or active ingredients were the reduced availability of several active ingredients due to toxicological or environmental reasons and the high registration cost. Only three acaricides (Envidor 240 SC, Nissorun 10WP and Omite 570 EC) and one insecticide/acaricide (Seizer 10 EC) are at present commonly used in Romanian agriculture.At the same time, from the economic point of view, biological control is impractical if not impossible to be applied in commercial crop production under Romanian economical conditions of farmers in absence of subsidies. EU and Romanian policies are discussed.

Economic assessment of producing and selling biomethane into a regional market

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Fuel Prices

Biogas is a promising renewable energy resource produced by using anaerobic digestion of organic substrates and it is mainly used to generate electricity by means of biogas engines. Other potential utilisations are growing, e.g. grid injection and biofuels production but, generally, a treatment aimed to increase its quality is mandatory and greater investments are generally required to produce upgraded biogas (biomethane). Despite the increasing of interest on these applications, a lack of information is still present from an economic point of view. The present paper performs an extended economic assessment of upgrading and selling biogas starting from a typical farm-based anaerobic digestion plant in Northern Ireland assumed as reference. Several economic indexes have been considered to assess the economic performance of the upgraded anaerobic digestion plant, namely net present value, pay-back period, profitability index and internal rate of return. Moreover, different scenarios in terms of fossil fuel prices have been analysed. The results show that producing and selling biomethane can be economically feasible if an adequate market is fostered. Optimum anaerobic digestion sizes between 26.9 and 64.4 tonne/y have been found, with correspondent net present value and pay-back period values in the range of £6.7–64.4M and 2.8–7.5 years, respectively, depending on the price scenarios analysed and the economic index chosen. Generally, adopting the net present value as objective function of the optimisation leads to greater anaerobic digestion size than the other indexes for any price scenarios considered. Finally, tougher market conditions (i.e. higher fossil fuel prices) lead to better economic performances of the upgraded anaerobic digestion configuration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document