scholarly journals The effects of cold pork loins on the pasteurization temperature in sous vide cooking

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Xu Wang ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock ◽  
Lorraine McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
T Test ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Sous Vide ◽  
Group B

  Objective: Sous vide is a relatively new cooking method introduced in restaurants in British Columbia. Sous vide cooking involves placing vacuum sealed food inside a temperature controlled water bath or steam convection oven. Unlike conventional cooking, sous vide cooking involves cooking food at a lower temperature (usually < 65°C) with a longer cook time. The low temperature allows chefs to precisely control the changes within the food. Thus sous vide cooked dishes have consistent texture and color, with retained flavor, moistness and nutrients. With all the benefits, sous vide cooking does have some disadvantages. Lower cooking temperature may not be sufficient for bacterial count reduction, resulting in unsafe food. In addition, every validated sous vide menu requires chefs to precisely follow the cooking temperature and cook time. Any deviation can cause the food to not reach the required 6.5 log reduction in bacterial count. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect on the internal temperature of cooking-in-process pork loin packages when additional chilled pork loin packages with an internal temperature of 4°C are submerged into the water bath. Methods: Two groups of pork loin packages with data loggers inside (SmartButton) at approximately 4°C were introduced into a 60°C water bath at different intervals. The first group (6 packages) was immersed inside the water bath at time = 0 minute, while the second group (6 packages) was immersed inside the water bath at time = 10 minutes. Both groups were taken out when they were cooked for 31 minutes (at time = 31 minutes and 41 minutes respectively). Water bath temperature was recorded using SPER Scientific 8000024 data logger. Temperature data for pork loin packages was used to calculate the mean lethality achieved by each group. One sample t-test and two sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a more than 3 mean log lethality difference in group A and group B pork loins. Pork loins cooked sous vide style in group A achieved a mean lethality of 5.12 at 31 minutes (range 0.42 to 12.78) while group B pork loins achieved a mean lethality of 8.44 at 31 minutes (range 3.35 to 11.87). With the same cook time, group A had a statistically significantly lower mean lethality than group B pork loins with p value = 0.003. Although statistically inconclusive whether group A pork loins achieved a mean lethality of 6.5, group B pork loins did reach the recommended mean lethality of 6.5. Conclusion: The result indicated when new cold pork loin packages at 4°C are introduced into a cooking-in-process sous vide water bath at 60°C, the lethality of the original pork loin packages in the bath will be lowered if the cook time remains unchanged. However, it is inconclusive on whether the original pork loin packages will reach 6.5 lethality recommended by BCCDC. The new pork loin packages will reach 6.5 lethality if the original cook time is used.  

COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF MOBILIZATION AND SELF-EXERCISES IN ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS OF SHOULDER

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Khan ◽  
Ghazala Noor Nizami ◽  
Ali Farhad
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Adhesive Capsulitis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of mobilization and self-exercises in the management of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder STUDY DESIGN Randomized Control Trial SAMPLE SELECTION 30 patients of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder from physiotherapy department of tertiary care hospitals of Karachi were selected through simple random sampling technique. PROCEDURE Treatment was continued for 5 days per week for the period of 3 weeks followed by assessment. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Group A was treated with midrange mobilization while group B performed self-exercises. Both groups received TENS and hot pack prior to the exercises. Mean ± SD, frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive analysis. ROM via goniometry and pain intensity through VAS was analyzed by paired t-test within the groups and by independent t-test between the groups, using SPSS. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS 60% were females (n=18) and 40% were males (n=12) with mean age of 50.17±6.37 years. Significant improvement (p-value <0.05) in pain and shoulder ROM was observed among patients of Group A as compared to Group B. Pain intensity was decreased to 1.67 ± 0.62 in group A, whereas ROMs in these patients were also better than other group.

Abstract TMP2: Is Eptifibatide a Viable and Safe Option as Stand-alone Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients?

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Korya ◽  
Mohammad Moussavi ◽  
Siddhart Mehta ◽  
Jaskiran Brar ◽  
Harina Chahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Time Window ◽  
T Test ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Iv Tpa

Introduction: The list of contraindications for IV tPA in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is often too long and may lead to physicians opting to offer no treatment for certain strokes. An alternative treatment is proposed in cases where IV tPA is not an option due to time-window restrictions or contraindications. We compared the stroke severity, outcomes and safety of IV eptifibatide when compared with IV tPA. Methods: Patients who presented to a community based university affiliated comprehensive stroke center from 2012-15 with AIS over a two-year period were included in the study. Those who qualified for IV tPA, and were treated, were compared with patients who only received IV eptifibatide. The initial NIH Stroke Score (NIHSS), 24-hour NIHSS, discharge NIHSS (DCNIHSS), discharge mRS (DCmRS) and symptomatic ICH rates were compared with a paired samples t-test to determine significance of difference between the means. SPSS Version 22 was used for all data analysis. Results: A total of 864 patients presented with AIS in the evaluated time period and of those 166 met study criteria. There were 119 patients who received IV tPA alone (group A) and 47 patients received eptifibatide (group B). The mean initial NIHSS, 24-NIHSS, DCNIHSS, DCmRS and percent bleeding complications for group A were: 11.2, 10.8, 8.6, 3.1 and 6%. For group B the figures were: 6.7, 4.8, 4.3, 1.7 and 0%, respectively. Group A was compared with group B in a paired samples T-test and yielded -4.3, -6.2, -6, -1.5 (p=.0001 to .04) for initial, 24-hour, discharge NIHSS and discharge mRS, respectively. The difference between initial and discharge NIHSS between the two groups was -2.7 (p=.009), favoring IV tPA. Conclusion: In patients who are either outside the time-window or with contraindications to IV tPA, eptifibatide may be a safe alternative and appears to be efficacious. None of the patients who were started on eptifibatide had bleeding complications and they had a statistically significant improvement in their level of disability and stroke severity at discharge. A limitation of this study is that patients in group A had significantly worse initial NIHSS compared with group B. To better evaluate the efficacy of eptifibatide, a larger, prospective study should be initiated.

scholarly journals Avoiding BAK in postoperative eye drops reduces the need for subconjunctival 5-FU injections post-trabeculectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Keith Ong ◽  
Leonard Ong
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
T Test ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Filtration Surgery ◽  
Glaucoma Filtration Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Causes Of Failure

Purpose: Subconjunctival fibrosis is one of the main causes of failure of glaucoma filtration surgery. It can result in absence of a filtration bleb, a small scarred bleb, or a cystic bleb. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin C (MMC), and topical steroids have been used to suppress subconjunctival fibrosis. Method: A study was done analyzing the number of postoperative subconjunctival 5-FU injections for trabeculectomy on pseudophakic eyes prior to and following the change to a BAK-free regimen. The cohort consisted of 16 consecutive cases undergoing primary trabeculectomy without intraoperative MMC or 5-FU. The trabeculectomy surgery included a groove sclerectomy procedure. Group A were 8 eyes of patients who had the author’s standard Chlorsig, Maxidex, and Prednefrin Forte eye drops tds. Group B were 8 eyes who had Chlorsig-dexamethasone and Optive-dexamethasone tds eye drops postoperatively. Results: Group B (BAK-free) patients required fewer postoperative 5-FU subconjunctival injections (average: 2.9, range: 1-5 injections) compared to Group A (BAK) patients (average: 7.3, range: 4-18 injections). This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.02, unpaired t-test). All patients had functioning blebs and did not require glaucoma medications to maintain target intraocular pressure. The Group B (BAK-free) patients had more diffuse blebs than the Group A (BAK) patients. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that when BAK was eliminated from postoperative eye drops in trabeculectomy, the number of postoperative 5-FU injections was reduced.

scholarly journals Pengaruh minuman teh pada pemakai basis gigi tiruan nilon termoplastik terhadap penyerapan air dan stabilitas warnaThe effect of tea on the thermoplastic nylon denture base wearers on water absorption and colour stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Siti Wahyuni ◽  
Chairunnisa Ricca
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
T Test ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Colour Stability ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Pendahuluan: Nilon termoplastik merupakan basis gigi tiruan yang banyak diminati oleh para dokter gigi karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan dibandingkan bahan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik. Diantara jenis nilon termoplastik yang sering dijadikan basis gigi tiruan adalah poliamida 6 dan poliamida mikrokristalin. Poliamida Mikrokristalin merupakan poliamida generasi baru yang dibuat untuk menanggulangi kelemahan pada poliamida sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh minuman teh pada pengguna gigi tiruan nilon termoplastik terhadap penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah experimental laboratoris. Jumlah sampel terdiri dari 40 dengan  ukuran diameter 15 mm ± 1 mm dan ketebalan 0.5 mm ± 0,1 mm (ISO 4049) dan terbagi menjadi 4 kelompok (kelompok A poliamida 6 dan kelompok B poliamida mikrokristalin untuk penyerapan air serta kelompok C poliamida 6 dan kelompok D poliamida mikrokristalin untuk uji stabilitas warna). Semua sampel direndam dalam larutan teh selama 7 hari. Data dianalisis dengan uji T Independen. Gambaran mikroskopis sampel diuji dengan SEM Hasil: Berdasarkan uji T Independen hasil menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan diantara kelompok A dan B, C dan D.  Uji T independen menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan diantara kelompok A dan B, C dan D (p=0,0001, p<0,05) Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh minuman teh pada pengguna gigi tiruan nilon termoplastik. Poliamida Mikrokristalin memiliki penyerapan air yang lebih sedikit dan stabilitas warna yang lebih baik dibandingkan Poliamida 6.Kata kunci: Nilon termoplastik, poliamida 6, poliamida mikrokristalin, penyerapan air, stabilitas warna, SEM. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Thermoplastic nylon is a denture base mostly demanded by dentists due to its several advantages over acrylic resin denture base material. Among the types of thermoplastic nylon that are often used as denture bases are polyamide 6 and microcrystalline polyamide. Microcrystalline polyamide is the new generation of polyamides created to overcome the weaknesses of previous polyamides. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of tea on thermoplastic nylon denture wearers on water absorption and colour stability. Methods: This research was experimental laboratory research on 40 samples with a diameter of 15 mm ± 1 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm ± 0.1 mm (ISO 4049), divided into four groups (Group A was the polyamide 6; Group B was the microcrystalline polyamide on the water absorption; Group C was polyamide 6; and Group D was microcrystalline polyamide on the colour stability). All samples were immersed in the tea solutions for 7 days. Data were analysed with independent t-test. The microscopic structure was analysed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The results showed significant differences between group A, B, C, and D. The independent t-test also showed significant differences between group A, B, C, and D (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of tea on the thermoplastic nylon denture wearers. Microcrystalline polyamides have less water absorption and better colour stability than Polyamide 6.Keywords:  Polyamide 6, thermoplastic nylon, microcrystalline polyamide, water absorption, colour stability, SEM.

A Study to find the effectiveness of Scapular Strengthening Exercise in patients with Cervical Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3591-3594
Author(s):  
Kotteeswaran. K ◽  
Chiranjibi Kumar Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Neck Disability ◽  
Cervical Spine Dysfunction

Background: Cervical spine dysfunction is a cause of neck pain. The cause for it is believed to be a disorder (most likely malalignment) of the pain-sensitive facet joints (which may also be due to disc disruption). Dysfunction can also cause secondary muscle spasm, which can may lead to more pain and stiffness. Objective: To find the effectiveness of SNAGs and scapular strengthening exercises in the patients with chronic cervical dysfunction. To find the Neck disability index (NDI) score difference between the functional activities of experimental group and conventional treatment group. Methodology: According to inclusion and exclusion criteria a prior to the study, the principal researcher explained the procedures to all the subjects and inform consent obtained, 30 subjects taken through Random block design and numbering was done for all the subjects. All the odd numbers in one group and all the even numbers in another group are allocated by random table where each group had 15 subjects. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. To all parameters mean and standard deviation (SD) were used. Paired t-test was used to analyze significant changes between pre-test and post-test measurements. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze significant changes between two groups. Result: rom statistical analysis made with the quantitative data revealed statistically significant difference between the Group A and Group B, and also within the group. The Posttest mean value of Neck Disability Index (NDI) in group A is 12.00 and in group B is 13.80. This shows that Neck Disability Index (NDI) in Group B disability value were comparatively more than Group A disability value, P<0.0001. Conclusion: This study shows better improvement in reducing cervical spine dysfunction (neck pain) by scapular strengthening exercise than resisted neck isometrics. Both the techniques can be used in clinical practice.

Assessment of the Correlation Between Insertion Torque and Resonance Frequency Analysis of Implants Placed in Bone Tissue of Different Densities

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Magno Filho ◽  
Fabiano Ribeiro Cirano ◽  
Fernando Hayashi ◽  
Hsu Shao Feng ◽  
Alexandre Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Type I ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The primary stability of dental implants is fundamental for osseointegration. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the correlation between insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) of implants placed in mandibles and maxillas of different bone densities. Eighty dental implants were placed in maxillas and mandibles, and IT and the implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured at the time of implant insertion. Bone density was assessed subjectively by the Lekholm and Zarb index. The type I and II densities were grouped together (group A)as were the type III and IV densities (group B). The IT in group A was higher (Student t test, P = .0013) than in group B (46.27 ± 18.51 Ncm, 33.62 ± 14.74 Ncm, respectively). The implants placed in group A showed higher ISQ (Student t test, P = .0004) than those placed in group B (70.09 ± 7.50, 63.66 ± 8.00, respectively). A significant correlation between IT and the ISQ value was observed for group A (Pearson correlation test; r = 0.35; P = .0213) and for group B (r = 0.37; P = .0224). Within the limitations of this study, it was possible to conclude that there is a correlation between IT and RFA of implants placed in mandibles and maxillas of different bone densities.

Combination Therapy Of Tadalafil And Pentoxifylline In Severe Erectile Dysfunction; A Prospective Randomized Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Roat ◽  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Kumar Jayant ◽  
Ravimohan S. Mavuduru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstractwas to assess efficacy of Tadalafil alone versus Tadalafil plus Pentoxifylline in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by using self administered IIEF-5 questionnaire.Two hundred and thirty seven patients presenting with ED at andrology OPD were evaluated for ED by a self administered IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) questionnaire. Patients were systematically randomized by computer generated random table into two groups groups namely, group A: Tadalafil only group, group B: combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifyl-line. All the patients were re-assessed by IIEF-5 questionnaire after 8 weeks of medical therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s unpaired t-test, paired t-test, chi square test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Two hundred and thirty seven patients were included in the present study, in group A: 92 patients (78.6%) showed improvement in their IIEF score after 8 weeks of tadalafil treatment. While in group B, overall 104 patients(86.6%) showed improvement after combination of Tadalafil and Pentoxifylline. There was a statistically significant difference of percentage change in IIEF score was seen in group B (group A 90.7±15.2%, group B 95.6±13.4%; p value – 0.014). We found this difference even more statistically significant in patients with severe ED (group A 72.7±47.2%, group B 132.3±54.3%; p value – 0.000). There was no significant difference in between the two groups with regards to occur-rence of side effects.Both tadalafil and combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifylline improve erectile function in patients of ED. Patients with severe ED showed much significant improvement in erectile function with combination therapy.

scholarly journals A comparative evaluation of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to attenuate hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Erum Ozair ◽  
Qazi Ehsan Ali ◽  
Md Masood Husain Siddiqi ◽  
Syed Hussain Amir ◽  
Shagufta Naaz
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Laryngoscopy and intubation are associated with a sympathetically mediated circulatory response due to irritation of respiratory tract which is associated with increase in pulse rate and blood pressure that may be dangerous.Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl in attenuating the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation and to detect any complication or side effect as a result of these drugs.Materials and Methods: Following approval by ethical committee, 60 ASA grade I and II patients of either sex undergoing general anaesthesia for elective surgery were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Dexmedetomidine in a dose of 1μg/kg was given to Group A patients and Fentanyl 2 μg/kg was given to Group B patients. Both the drugs were diluted with normal saline solution to make 10ml and were administered slow intravenous 10 min before induction.The hemodynamic parameters were recorded, demographic data was analyzed using unpaired t-test and hemodynamic variables were analyzed by using unpaired and paired t-test. Side effects were analyzed using chi square test.Result: The two groups were comparable in their demographic profiles. Dexmedetomidine proved itself to be an excellent drug when given intravenously as a premedicant in dose of 1μg/kg to attenuate hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. It blunted the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation to a greater magnitude than fentanylin a dose of 2μg/kg intravenously as a premedicant.Conclusion: We conclude that fentanyl 2μg/kg i.v. given ten minutes prior to airway instrumentation shows an inconsistent response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Between the two drugs under study, the use of dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg i.v. is satisfactory and produces a more favorable hemodynamic profile while fentanyl 2μg/kg is found to be non- dependable and less effective for the attenuation of the pressor response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. However, further larger studies are required to strengthen these conclusions.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(1) 2018 65-72

scholarly journals Impact of overcrowding sous vide water baths on the thermal process of pork loins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wu ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock ◽  
Lorraine McIntyre ◽  
Sion Shyng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Process ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Log10 Reduction ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Sous Vide

  Background: In the culinary industry, sous vide is a popular cooking method in which lower temperatures are used to cook food to retain more desirable organoleptic characteristics. However, this technique may compromise food safety as the temperature may not be sufficient enough to eliminate pathogens that may be present. The BCCDC’s Guidelines for Restaurant Sous Vide Cooking Safety in British Columbia advises when too many food items are placed in the sous vide water bath, inadequate water circulation may occur with the result that process lethality, measured by calculation of log10 reductions, may not be achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine how overcrowding a sous vide water bath would impact the thermal process of pork loins. Methods: Each pork loin sample had a SmartButton inserted and was vacuum sealed in a plastic bag. The water bath was preheated to 60˚C by an immersion circulator. Under normal conditions, six pork loin samples were held in the water bath for 1 hour and the process was repeated four more times. Under overcrowded conditions, two runs were conducted for 1.5 to 2 hours, each consisting of 15 samples stacked in three layers. SmartButton temperature values were used to calculate whether a 6.5 log10 reduction for Salmonella spp. was achieved, using the American Meat Institute’s formula. Results: Using a 31-minute cook time, pork loins in normal conditions reached an average log reduction of 8.85 (range: 0.51 to 21.07), which was significantly higher than the 6.5 log10 reduction objective (p = 0.006). Conversely, pork loins in overcrowded conditions reached an average log reduction of 1.76 (range: 0.05 to 7.93), which was significantly lower than the 6.5 log10 reduction objective (p = 0.000). Furthermore, cooking lethality between the two conditions, pork loins in crowded and overcrowded conditions, were found to be significantly different from each other (p = 0.000). No differences were found in the mean log10 reductions between the pork loins placed in each of the three layers in an overcrowded water bath at 31 minutes (p = 0.094). Conclusion: Overcrowding sous vide water baths does impact on the thermal process of pork loins. Food products cooked under overcrowded conditions require a longer cook time, (approximately 30 minutes longer) to achieve at least 6.5 log10 reductions. Therefore, it is advised that food handlers using sous vide techniques should avoid overcrowding sous vide water baths. Further research using more samples is recommended to determine potential cold spot patterns in overcrowded water baths due to inadequate water circulation.  

scholarly journals AN EFFECT OF POSTURAL DRAINAGE ON MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 759-761
Author(s):  
Tahzeeb Fatima ◽  
◽  
Minhaj Tahir ◽  
Devendra Trivedi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physiotherapy Treatment ◽  
Postural Drainage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective:To compare the patients with pneumonia with and without postural drainage and to measure the amount of sputum produced before and after physiotherapy treatment. Material and Method:This study was carried out at Lilamani Hospital, Kanpur. Total 7 patients was placed into two groups i.e. Group A and Group B. Group A included 4 patients, 3 females and 1 male with the age group is between 25-60. While Group B having 3 patients, 1 female and 2 males with the age group is between 26-62 years. Group A was received chest mobilization techniques, two times a day.While Group B received postural drainage in different positions with chest mobilisation twice a day. The amount of sputum before and after the physiotherapy techniques, the p-value was calculated for both groups by t-test and data was analysed through SPSS. Results: In this study, amount of sputum was significantly reduced in Group B as comparison to Group A. Conclusion: Postural drainage techniques with chest mobilisation are much effective. It also helps in reducing the amount of sputum in pneumonia patients.

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