scholarly journals Efficient and Low-Cost Removal of Methylene Blue using Activated Natural Kaolinite Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Christyowati Primi Sagita ◽  
Limpat Nulandaya ◽  
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorption Experiment ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Bondings

Clays are low-price and very useful material for water treatment purpose. In this work, we reported the application of activated natural kaolinite material which obtained from Wediombo beach, Yogyakarta for methylene blue adsorption. The natural kaolinite material was activated under an acidic condition to obtain the activated kaolinite material. The activated kaolinite material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and surface analysis. From the adsorption experiment, the activated kaolinite material gave moderate adsorption percentages for methylene blue. The adsorption kinetics followed the Ho and McKay kinetic model while the adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir model. The qmax value for methylene blue adsorption using activated natural kaolinite material was at a moderate level (3.40 mg g-1). The plausible adsorption mechanism of methylene blue on the surface of activated kaolinite material happened through hydrogen bondings and/or electrostatic interactions. These findings are important for a wastewater treatment using a low-cost adsorbent material.

Adsorption Mechanism of Rectorite Modified by Lithium

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 2017-2021
Author(s):  
Yin An Ming ◽  
Ying Ru Wang ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Fu Rong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer

In this paper, the mechanism that lithium-modified rectorite (Rec-Li) and raw rectorite adsorbed methylene blue dye in wastewater was investigated, and the adsorption properties of the two adsorbents were also compared. The results showed that the static saturated adsorption capacity of raw rectorite was 77.75mg/g, however, the capacity of lithium-modified rectorite was up to 189.62mg/g, the adsorption efficiency was increased by 144%. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of Rec-Li to methylene blue was much higher than raw rectorite. The Rec-Li and raw rectorite were characterized respectively by means of fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and colloid index measurement. The analysis indicated that, after modification by lithium, the colloid index was changed from 12mL/3g to 198mL/3g and the interlayer spacing was changed from 0.01~0.1μm to 1~1.5μm. With the increasing of the colloid index, the dispersion effect of adsorbent in wastewater and the contact area between adsorbent and pollutants were improved. And the increase of interlayer spacing was conducive to pollutants entering the hole and so that the adsorption capacity of Rec-Li was increased significantly.

scholarly journals Modification of natural clinoptilolite for the nitrate removal from water media

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1309-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pavlovic ◽  
Jelena Milenkovic ◽  
Nevenka Rajic
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Binding Ability ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Natural Clinoptilolite

The natural zeolitic tuff from the Zlatokop mine (Vranjska Banja deposit) has been investigated as a starting material for obtaining a low cost adsorbent for the removal of nitrate from water media. The tuff riched with zeolite - clinoptilolite was modified by simple procedures by several oxides: iron(III), manganese(IV) and magnesium in order to make clinoptilolite surface accessible for binding the nitrate ions. The obtained oxide-modified zeolite samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and by measurement of specific surface area. The effects of the adsorbent dosage (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g), temperature (25, 35 and 45 ?C) and initial nitrate concentration (C0= 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-3) on the binding efficiency were also studied. For all adsorbents the efficiency increases with temperature. The type of oxides effects the adsorption mechanism and Fe(III) oxide modified zeolite exhibits the best binding ability. For this adsorbent the adsorption kinetics was studied and found that it is best represented by the pseudo-second-order model.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Blend Films Based on Hemicelluloses and Cellulose

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Jun Rao ◽  
Ying Guan ◽  
Wen-qi Li ◽  
Mao-chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Convenient Approach ◽  
Hydrogen Bondings

This study presents an effective and convenient approach to prepare blend films with enhanced mechanical and thermodynamic properties by incorporation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) into quaternized hemicelluloses (QH). The structures and properties of films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile testing, respectively. From the SEM pictures, tight, homogeneous, and smooth surfaces of films were obtained. In addition, the transparencies of the blend films were increased with the increasing of CMC content. The results of mechanical properties indicated that the blend film prepared from QH and CMC (1 : 2 m/m) had a tensile strength of 65.2 MPa. It suggested that the addition of CMC was contributed to mechanical properties by strong electrostatic interactions and the enhanced hydrogen bondings with QH. These results provide insights into the understanding of the structural relationships of bioblend films in coating and packaging application.

Adsorption Kinetics of Methylene Blue on Synthesized DMF-MIL-101(Cr), a DMF-Functionalized Metal-Organic Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 671 ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Yan Ying Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Organic Framework

An N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-functionalized metal–organic framework, namely, DMF-MIL-101(Cr), was prepared and then used for the adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye, from aqueous solutions. MIL-101(Cr) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Next, by dipping the MIL-101(Cr) sample in DMF, DMF-MIL-101(Cr) was synthesized. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that DMF and MIL-101 could be combined successfully. More importantly, the MB uptake capacity of DMF-MIL-101(Cr) was significantly higher than that of MIL-101(Cr). Unlike MIL-101(Cr), DMF-MIL-101(Cr) could adsorb the entire MB in a solution with a concentration of 10.92 mg/L, owing to the electrostatic interactions between DMF and the MB molecules. In 100 mL of a 10.92-mg/L MB solution, DMF-MIL-101(Cr) can reach a state of absorbance equilibrium within10 min. After that, the adsorption process exhibited the characteristics of a zero-order reaction. This result indicates that it may be possible to exploit different functionalization methods and improve the rate of adsorption of dyes onto metal–organic frameworks.

scholarly journals Physical Properties Analysis of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber on Methylene Blue Adsorption

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati Farma
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
X Ray

The present research was conducted to analyze the physical properties of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFBF) to be applied as methylene blue adsorbent material. The OPEFBF was pre-carbonized at 280oC for 4 hours in vacuum, milled, and sieved to obtain the self-adhesive carbon grain (SACG) with a size less than 106 µm. The chemical activation was done using potassium hydroxide (KOH) with variations of 25%, 50%, and 75% from the SACG weight, stirred at 400 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature and pyrolyzed using microwave irradiations at the output power of 720 W for 15 minutes. The physical properties of activated carbon consist of two characterizations, namely microstructure evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface morphology evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD pattern showed that the activated carbon had a semi-crystalline structure characterized by the presence of (002) and (100) planes at the diffraction angle of 2θ about 21o and 43o, respectively. The surface morphology of activated carbon depicted that a higher percentage of KOH resulted in more pores were formed. Thus, the higher the surface area of activated carbon, the greater the adsorption of methylene blue. The highest methylene blue adsorption was obtained in the sample of 75% KOH with 87.73 mg/g. The energy dispersive X-ray showed that the increase of KOH percentage used enhanced the percentage of carbon element produced.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Magnetic Ferrocene-Containing Polymer with Photothermal Effects for Rapid Degradation of Methylene Blue

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhu ◽  
Caiyun Zhang ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Qiliang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
Simulated Sunlight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Photothermal materials are attracting more and more attention. In this research, we synthesized a ferrocene-containing polymer with magnetism and photothermal properties. The resulting polymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Its photo-thermocatalytic activity was investigated by choosing methylene blue (MB) as a model compound. The degradation percent of MB under an irradiated 808 nm laser reaches 99.5% within 15 min, and the degradation rate is 0.5517 min−1, which is 145 times more than that of room temperature degradation. Under irradiation with simulated sunlight, the degradation rate is 0.0092 min−1, which is approximately 2.5 times more than that of room temperature degradation. The present study may open up a feasible route to degrade organic pollutants.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Ln-Aminophthalate Photoluminescent Coordination Polymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Carla Queirós ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Ana M. G. Silva ◽  
Baltazar de Castro ◽  
Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The development of straightforward reproducible methods for the preparation of new photoluminescent coordination polymers (CPs) is an important goal in luminescence and chemical sensing fields. Isophthalic acid derivatives have been reported for a wide range of applications, and in addition to their relatively low cost, have encouraged its use in the preparation of novel lanthanide-based coordination polymers (LnCPs). Considering that the photoluminescent properties of these CPs are highly dependent on the existence of water molecules in the crystal structure, our research efforts are now focused on the preparation of CP with the lowest water content possible, while considering a green chemistry approach. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) LnCPs were prepared from 5-aminoisophthalic acid and Sm3+/Tb3+ using hydrothermal and/or microwave-assisted synthesis. The unprecedented LnCPs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCRXD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied in the solid state, at room temperature, using the CPs as powders and encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, envisaging the potential preparation of devices for sensing. The materials revealed interesting PL properties that depend on the dimensionality, metal ion, co-ligand used and water content.

Preparation of xanthated bentonite and its removal behavior for Pb(II) ions

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. He ◽  
F. R. Li ◽  
R. M. Wang ◽  
F. Y. Li ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Xanthate was successfully grafted onto bentonite by a relatively simple solution reaction. The obtained xanthated bentonite (XBent) was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), particle size analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XBent acting as a type of environmentally friendly adsorbent was applied to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. The optimum conditions were as follows: [Pb2 + ] = 500 mg L−1, [XBent] = 2 g L−1, pH = 5.0; oscillating 60 min under 200 rpm at 25°C. The removal rate of lead was up to 99.9%. It was found that the lead(II) ions—XBent adsorption isotherm model fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption mechanism was also investigated by SEM and XRD, which concluded that lead ions were complexed or chelated with XBent. XBent appears to have potential to be used later in water treatment as a type of inorganic polymer reagent.

scholarly journals Decolorization of Methylene Blue by Ag/SrSnO3 Composites under Ultraviolet Radiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharanan Junploy ◽  
Titipun Thongtem ◽  
Somchai Thongtem ◽  
Anukorn Phuruangrat
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Uv Visible

SrSn(OH)6 precursors synthesized by a cyclic microwave radiation (CMR) process were calcined at 900°C for 3 h to form rod-like SrSnO3. Further, the rod-like SrSnO3 and AgNO3 in ethylene glycol (EG) were ultrasonically vibrated to form rod-like Ag/SrSnO3 composites, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron microscopy (EM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV-visible analysis. The photocatalyses of rod-like SrSnO3, 1 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt% Ag/SrSnO3 composites were studied for degradation of methylene blue (MB, C16H18N3SCl) dye under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this research, the 5 wt% Ag/SrSnO3 composites showed the highest activity, enhanced by the electron-hole separation process. The photoactivity became lower by the excessive Ag nanoparticles due to the negative effect caused by reduction in the absorption of UV radiation.

Synthesis of Visible-Light Responsive CdS/ZnO Nanocomposite Photocatalysts via Simple Precipitation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Potjanaporn Chaengchawi ◽  
Karn Serivalsatit ◽  
Pornapa Sujaridworakun
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Methylene Blue Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Blue Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

A visible-light responsive CdS/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by precipitation of CdS nanoparticles, using Cd (NO3)2 and Na2S as starting materials, on ZnO nanoparticles and then calcined at 400°C for 2 hours. The effects of the mole ratio of CdS and ZnO in the composites on their phase, morphology, and surface area were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller method (BET), respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue solution in the presence of composite products under visible-light irradiation was investigated. The results showed that the mole ratio of CdS and ZnO played a significant role on photocatalytic performance. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained from the CdS/ZnO nanocomposite with mole ratio of 1:4, which is higher than that of pure CdS and pure ZnO.

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