scholarly journals Is Suicidality Increased in Covid-19 Pandemic? A Scoping Review and Quality Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kimberly Virginin Cruz Correia da Silva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Background: There are emerging concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic may specifically increase suicide. Methods: Scoping Review in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Science Direct databases and in the medRxiv, bioRxiv and PsyArXiv preprint servers, using the descriptors “Covid-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 new coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “Suicide”, “General Public” and “Mental Health”. Results: A total of 62 studies were included in this review, where 10 studies were reported to have been conducted between March and May 2021; 39 in 2020; 4 in 2019; 3 in 2018; 1 in 2015; 2 in 2014; 2 in 2010 and 1 in 2004, all were conducted via online platforms. Limitations: We have interpreted our study findings in the context of the overall significant risk of exposure to suicide in our study population, while recognizing that individual level data of exposure to COVID-19 is a significant confounding variable. Conclusions: Being one of the first reviews in this context, the findings are anticipated to be helpful to predict the possible solutions for reducing the number of suicides in and facilitate further studies on strategies of how to alleviate such a stressful situation in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Is Suicidality Increased in Covid-19 Pandemic? A Scoping Review and Quality Assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kimberly Virginin Cruz Correia da Silva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Confounding Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Background: There are emerging concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic may specifically increase suicide. Methods: Scoping Review in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Science Direct databases and in the medRxiv, bioRxiv and PsyArXiv preprint servers, using the descriptors “Covid-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 new coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “Suicide”, “General Public” and “Mental Health”. Results: A total of 62 studies were included in this review, where 10 studies were reported to have been conducted between March and May 2021; 39 in 2020; 4 in 2019; 3 in 2018; 1 in 2015; 2 in 2014; 2 in 2010 and 1 in 2004, all were conducted via online platforms. Limitations: We have interpreted our study findings in the context of the overall significant risk of exposure to suicide in our study population, while recognizing that individual level data of exposure to COVID-19 is a significant confounding variable. Conclusions: Being one of the first reviews in this context, the findings are anticipated to be helpful to predict the possible solutions for reducing the number of suicides in and facilitate further studies on strategies of how to alleviate such a stressful situation in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Bibliometric factors associated with h-index of Peruvian researchers with publications indexed on Web of Science and Scopus databases

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Vílchez-Román
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
H Index ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Stepwise Procedure

The objective of this article is: a) to identify Peruvian researchers with high, medium and low impact factor according to Web of Science and Scopus databases; b) to identify the bibliometric factor with the highest influence on h-index of Peruvian esearchers; c) to compare h-index between Web of Science and Scopus, at an individual and institutional level. Data were collected from Web of Science and Scopus (189 Peruvian researchers, 28 institutions on Web of Science and 33 on Scopus), between September 1823, 2013. Then, institutional registries were created and linear regression analysis with stepwise procedure was run to identify bibliometric factors with higher influence on the h-index of Peruvian researchers. Web of Science and Scopus showed interesting simmilarities in the h-index of Peruvian academic institutions. At individual level, documents indexed in citation database had the highest influence on the h-index. Regression model identified bibliometric factors with higher influence on the h-index of Peruvian researchers, however further large scale studies are needed to improve external validity.

scholarly journals Novel Variance-Component TWAS method for studying complex human diseases with applications to Alzheimer’s dementia

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. e1009482
Author(s):  
Shizhen Tang ◽  
Aron S. Buchman ◽  
Philip L. De Jager ◽  
David A. Bennett ◽  
Michael P. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gwas Data ◽  
Risk Genes ◽  
Reference Transcriptome ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Individual

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have been widely used to integrate transcriptomic and genetic data to study complex human diseases. Within a test dataset lacking transcriptomic data, traditional two-stage TWAS methods first impute gene expression by creating a weighted sum that aggregates SNPs with their corresponding cis-eQTL effects on reference transcriptome. Traditional TWAS methods then employ a linear regression model to assess the association between imputed gene expression and test phenotype, thereby assuming the effect of a cis-eQTL SNP on test phenotype is a linear function of the eQTL’s estimated effect on reference transcriptome. To increase TWAS robustness to this assumption, we propose a novel Variance-Component TWAS procedure (VC-TWAS) that assumes the effects of cis-eQTL SNPs on phenotype are random (with variance proportional to corresponding reference cis-eQTL effects) rather than fixed. VC-TWAS is applicable to both continuous and dichotomous phenotypes, as well as individual-level and summary-level GWAS data. Using simulated data, we show VC-TWAS is more powerful than traditional TWAS methods based on a two-stage Burden test, especially when eQTL genetic effects on test phenotype are no longer a linear function of their eQTL genetic effects on reference transcriptome. We further applied VC-TWAS to both individual-level (N = ~3.4K) and summary-level (N = ~54K) GWAS data to study Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). With the individual-level data, we detected 13 significant risk genes including 6 known GWAS risk genes such as TOMM40 that were missed by traditional TWAS methods. With the summary-level data, we detected 57 significant risk genes considering only cis-SNPs and 71 significant genes considering both cis- and trans- SNPs, which also validated our findings with the individual-level GWAS data. Our VC-TWAS method is implemented in the TIGAR tool for public use.

scholarly journals The changing face of Australian data reforms: Impact on pharmacoepidemiology research

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana De Oliveira Costa ◽  
Claudia Bruno ◽  
Andrea L Schaffer ◽  
Smriti Raichand ◽  
Emily A Karanges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Study Population

ObjectiveA wealth of data is generated through Australia’s universal health care arrangements. However, use of these data has been hampered by different federal and state legislation, privacy concerns and challenges in linking data across jurisdictions. A series of data reforms have been touted to increase population health research capacity in Australia, including pharmacoepidemiology research. Here we catalogued research leveraging Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data (2014–2018) and discussed these outputs in the context of previously implemented and new data reforms. MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of population-based studies using PBS dispensing claims. Independent reviewers screened abstracts of 4,996 articles and 310 full-text manuscripts. We characterised publications according to study population, analytical approach, data sources used, aims and medicines focus. ResultsWe identified 180 studies; 133 used individual-level data, 70 linked PBS dispensing claims with other health data (66 across jurisdictions). Studies using individual-level data focussed on Australians receiving government benefits (87 studies) rather than all PBS-eligible persons. 63 studies examined clinician or patient practices and 33 examined exposure-outcome relationships (27 evaluated medicines safety, 6 evaluated effectiveness). Medicines acting on the nervous and cardiovascular system account for the greatest volume of PBS medicines dispensed and were the most commonly studied (67 and 40 studies, respectively). Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents account for approximately one third of PBS expenditure but represented only 10% of studies in this review. ConclusionsThe studies in this review represent more than a third of all population-based pharmacoepidemiology research published in the last three decades in Australia. Recent data reforms have contributed to this escalating output. However, studies are concentrated among specific subpopulations and medicines classes, and there remains a limited understanding of population benefits and harms derived from medicines use. The current draft Data Availability and Transparency legislation should further bolster efforts in population health research.

Entrepreneurship Studies in The Sultanate of Oman: A Scoping Review of 20 years publications

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Hussain Al-Lawati ◽  
Umar Haiyat Abdul Kohar ◽  
Ebi Shahrin Bin Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽  
Document Type ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Study Population

This research focuses on entrepreneurship studies and its related concepts in the Sultanate of Oman by looking at the key concepts, and main context of the selected studies. This research adopted a scoping review approach utilizing both Scopus and Web of Science as sources of documents. The study highlights several aspects, such as study concept(s), study trend by years, study design, population, contextual, document type, affiliation, source title, publisher, and source of database. The reviews included articles published for the last 20 years with English language. After filtration, the total number of qualifying documents was (n=96) out of 133 in both datasets. The method section is derived from the PRISM-ScR checklist table.  The findings show a fluctuation in publication trend as the highest publication was in 2018. In terms of study population, most studies focused on students followed by entrepreneurs and other types of the population. About study design, quantitative studies were predominantly employed by the scholars more than qualitative, as studies done in higher educational initiations were more than schools by focusing on students rather than teachers. Many standout concepts were discovered, including entrepreneurship, women's entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intention, the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and technology. Dhofar University had the highest affiliation among other scholars affiliations.

Physical Illness and Suicide Risk in Rural Residents of Contemporary China

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cun-Xian Jia ◽  
Lin-Lin Wang ◽  
Ai-Qiang Xu ◽  
Ai-Ying Dai ◽  
Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Background: Physical illness is linked with an increased risk of suicide; however, evidence from China is limited. Aims: To assess the influence of physical illness on risk of suicide among rural residents of China, and to examine the differences in the characteristics of people completing suicide with physical illness from those without physical illness. Method: In all, 200 suicide cases and 200 control subjects, 1:1 pair-matched on sex and age, were included from 25 townships of three randomly selected counties in Shandong Province, China. One informant for each suicide or control subject was interviewed to collect data on the physical health condition and psychological and sociodemographic status. Results: The prevalence of physical illness in suicide cases (63.0%) was significantly higher than that in paired controls (41.0%; χ2 = 19.39, p < .001). Compared with suicide cases without physical illness, people who were physically ill and completed suicide were generally older, less educated, had lower family income, and reported a mental disorder less often. Physical illness denoted a significant risk factor for suicide with an associated odds ratio of 3.23 (95% CI: 1.85–5.62) after adjusted for important covariates. The elevated risk of suicide increased progressively with the number of comorbid illnesses. Cancer, stroke, and a group of illnesses comprising dementia, hemiplegia, and encephalatrophy had a particularly strong effect among the commonly reported diagnoses in this study population. Conclusion: Physical illness is an important risk factor for suicide in rural residents of China. Efforts for suicide prevention are needed and should be integrated with national strategies of health care in rural China.

scholarly journals Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7561
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xueying Wu ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Dongsheng He ◽  
Dongying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Transit Accessibility ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Transmission Pathways

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has stimulated intensive research interest in its transmission pathways and infection factors, e.g., socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, climatology, baseline health conditions or pre-existing diseases, and government policies. Meanwhile, some empirical studies suggested that built environment attributes may be associated with the transmission mechanism and infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, no review has been conducted to explore the effect of built environment characteristics on the infection risk. This research gap prevents government officials and urban planners from creating effective urban design guidelines to contain SARS-CoV-2 infections and face future pandemic challenges. This review summarizes evidence from 25 empirical studies and provides an overview of the effect of built environment on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Virus infection risk was positively associated with the density of commercial facilities, roads, and schools and with public transit accessibility, whereas it was negatively associated with the availability of green spaces. This review recommends several directions for future studies, namely using longitudinal research design and individual-level data, considering multilevel factors and extending to diversified geographic areas.

scholarly journals The Role of Snack Choices, Body Weight Stereotypes and Smoking Behavior in Assessing Risk Factors for Adolescent Overweight and Obesity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Elena Raptou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Adolescent Overweight ◽  
Relationship Of

This study investigated the relationship of behavioral factors, such as snack choices, obesity stereotypes and smoking with adolescents’ body weight. Individual-level data for 1254 Greek youths were selected via a formal questionnaire. Snack choices seem to be gender specific with girls showing a stronger preference for healthier snacks. Frequent consumption of high-calorie and more filling snacks was found to increase Body Mass Index (BMI) in both genders. Fruit/vegetable snacks were associated with lower body weight in females, whereas cereal/nut snacks had a negative influence in males’ BMI. The majority of participants expressed anti-fat attitudes and more boys than girls assigned positive attributes to lean peers. The endorsement of the thin-ideal was positively associated with the BMI of both adolescent boys and girls. This study also revealed that neglecting potential endogeneity issues can lead to biased estimates of smoking. Gender may be a crucial moderator of smoking–BMI relationships. Male smokers presented a higher obesity risk, whereas female smokers were more likely to be underweight. Nutrition professionals should pay attention to increase the acceptance of healthy snack options. Gender differences in the influence of weight stereotypes and smoking on BMI should be considered in order to enhance the efficacy of obesity prevention interventions.

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