scholarly journals The Role of Snack Choices, Body Weight Stereotypes and Smoking Behavior in Assessing Risk Factors for Adolescent Overweight and Obesity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 557
Author(s):  
Elena Raptou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Adolescent Overweight ◽  
Relationship Of

This study investigated the relationship of behavioral factors, such as snack choices, obesity stereotypes and smoking with adolescents’ body weight. Individual-level data for 1254 Greek youths were selected via a formal questionnaire. Snack choices seem to be gender specific with girls showing a stronger preference for healthier snacks. Frequent consumption of high-calorie and more filling snacks was found to increase Body Mass Index (BMI) in both genders. Fruit/vegetable snacks were associated with lower body weight in females, whereas cereal/nut snacks had a negative influence in males’ BMI. The majority of participants expressed anti-fat attitudes and more boys than girls assigned positive attributes to lean peers. The endorsement of the thin-ideal was positively associated with the BMI of both adolescent boys and girls. This study also revealed that neglecting potential endogeneity issues can lead to biased estimates of smoking. Gender may be a crucial moderator of smoking–BMI relationships. Male smokers presented a higher obesity risk, whereas female smokers were more likely to be underweight. Nutrition professionals should pay attention to increase the acceptance of healthy snack options. Gender differences in the influence of weight stereotypes and smoking on BMI should be considered in order to enhance the efficacy of obesity prevention interventions.

scholarly journals Berkontribusikah konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja?

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Qoirinasari Qoirinasari ◽  
Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak ◽  
Kusdalinah Kusdalinah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
P Value ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Overweight is a state that exceeds the relative body weight of a person as a result of the accumulation of nutrients, especially carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This condition is caused by an imbalance between energy consumption compared to the needs or the use of energy. This study aims to determine the relationship of consumption patterns of sweet drinks to excess body weight teenagers in SMP IT IQRA  Bengkulu 2018.  This study is a cross-sectional research design. A sample is all teenagers who have overweight (overweight and obesity) as much as 57 teenagers. consumption of sweet drinks was collected by interviews using Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). The result showed that there was no contribution of consumption of sweet drinks to overweight teenagers (p-value 0.590). The habit of consuming sweet drinks does not contribute to increased body weight in teenagers who have excess body weight. To prevent overweight is recommended to consume balanced nutrition and avoid foods and beverages high in glucose.Berat badan berlebih adalah suatu keadaan yang melebihi dari berat badan relatif seseorang sebagai akibat penumpukan zat gizi terutama karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi energi dibandingkan kebutuhan atau pemakaian energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja di SMP IT IQRA’ kota Bengkulu tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel adalah seluruh remaja yang mempunyai berat badan berlebih (overweight dan obesitas) yang diambil dengan metode Total sampling yaitu sebanyak 57 remaja. konsumsi minuman manis dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan Food Frequency Questionaire (FFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada kontribusi konsumsi minuman manis terhadap berat badan berlebih pada remaja (p value 0.593). Kebiasaan mengonsumsi minuman manis tidak berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan berat badan pada remaja yang memiliki berat badan berlebih. Untuk mencegah berat badan berlebih disarankan  mengonsumsi gizi seimbang dan menghindari makanan dan minuman yang tinggi glukosa.

Comparative assessment of the informativity of indication methodsexcess body weight

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Irina Igorevna Novikova ◽  
Stepan Mikhailovich Gavrish ◽  
Sergey Pavlovich Romanenko ◽  
Aleksandra Vasilievna Sorokina ◽  
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Serenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Level

The tendency that has emerged in recent years towards an increase in the number of overweight children, as well as an increase in the incidence of children associated with obesity and overweight, actualizes the timely indication of deviations in the physical development of children in order to prevent health disorders. The article provides a comparative analysis of methods for assessing the physical development of children using somatometric indicators: methods of sigma deviations (deviation from standard arithmetic mean values by the value of sigma deviation), estimates on regression scales that take into account the correlation between body weight and body length and age (deviations from the proper values from M –1 to M + 2σR), body mass index estimates by calculating the Quetelet index, using the SDS-standard deviation score, Z-score (WHO 2007) and bioimpedance analysis. The generalized analysis in the age group 12–17 revealed the highest percentage of overweight children when analyzed using bioimpedansometry (20.9 %) and when assessing BMI according to the WHO method of 21.2 % regardless of gender and significantly lower indicators when assessing with using regression scales and sigma deviations (9.6 % among boys and 18.7 % — among girls when assessed using regression scales and 15.3 %, and 11.2 % — when assessed by the method of sigma deviations). The broad capabilities of bioimpedance analysis of body composition make it possible to diagnose the presence of overweight and obesity at the individual level. Comparable results obtained in bioimpedance analysis and in assessing body mass index using the method (WHO, 2007), allow us to consider this method in population studies of indication of overweight and obesity as a rather informative method.

Consequences of Return Migrant Status for Employment in Puerto Rico

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara G. Muschkin
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Migrant Status ◽  
Return Migrant ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of

At the aggregate level, return migrants in Puerto Rico in 1970 and 1980 faced greater employment-related difficulties, as compared with nonmigrants. This article explores the individual-level relationship of return migrant status to employment outcomes. The conceptual framework takes into consideration local and regional contextual factors, particularly the employment conditions prevailing in Puerto Rico during this period. Within this framework, specific hypotheses suggest a negative influence of return migrant status, as return migrants are particularly vulnerable to discontinuities in employment and to spells of unemployment. The findings substantiate the hypotheses for both census years and indicate the importance of the duration of residence in the United States and the timing of the return move as mediating factors.

scholarly journals Oral conditions and body weight in children from a public school in Manaus, AM, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Samara Pinho ASSI ◽  
Juliana Rico PIRES ◽  
Ana Emília Farias PONTES ◽  
Eliane Marçon BARROSO ◽  
Elizangela Partata ZUZA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Public School ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Community Periodontal Index

Abstract Introduction Some studies have pointed to links between the prevalence of caries and periodontal disease, and the occurrence of overweight or obesity; but, few studies have been conducted in children. Objective To assess the relationship between periodontal disease, tooth decay and body weight in children from a public school in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Material and method The study included one hundred and sixty-nine children. Records were obtained of decayed, missing and filled (DMFT) permanent teeth, and of decayed, extracted, or filled (DEF) deciduous teeth, as well as the record of the community periodontal index (CPI). The classification of body weight category was obtained in percentile using the z-Score table. Result Higher averages of weight and body mass index (BMI) were seen in the overweight and obesity groups (p<0.05). All groups were similar regarding the DMFT /DEF and CPI codes from 0 to 4 (p>0.05). All groups showed higher averages of CPI 0 in comparison with other CPI codes from 1 to 4 (p<0.05), and most of the children showed sites with probing depth <3.5 mm and without bleeding on probing. Conclusion There was no relationship between body weight and the occurrence of dental caries and periodontal disease in the studied population. Obesity and overweight showed no negative influence on the increase in the prevalence of these diseases.

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

scholarly journals Review of Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7561
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xueying Wu ◽  
Ruoyu Wang ◽  
Dongsheng He ◽  
Dongying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Transit Accessibility ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Transmission Pathways

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has stimulated intensive research interest in its transmission pathways and infection factors, e.g., socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, climatology, baseline health conditions or pre-existing diseases, and government policies. Meanwhile, some empirical studies suggested that built environment attributes may be associated with the transmission mechanism and infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, no review has been conducted to explore the effect of built environment characteristics on the infection risk. This research gap prevents government officials and urban planners from creating effective urban design guidelines to contain SARS-CoV-2 infections and face future pandemic challenges. This review summarizes evidence from 25 empirical studies and provides an overview of the effect of built environment on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Virus infection risk was positively associated with the density of commercial facilities, roads, and schools and with public transit accessibility, whereas it was negatively associated with the availability of green spaces. This review recommends several directions for future studies, namely using longitudinal research design and individual-level data, considering multilevel factors and extending to diversified geographic areas.

Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children? A case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysel Vehapoglu ◽  
Zeynep Ebru Cakın ◽  
Feyza Ustabas Kahraman ◽  
Mustafa Atilla Nursoy ◽  
Ali Toprak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives It is unclear whether body weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese) is associated with allergic disease. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between body weight status (body mass index; BMI) and atopic allergic disease in prepubertal children, and to compare children with atopic allergic diseases with non atopic healthy children. Methods A prospective cross sectional study of 707 prepubertal children aged 3–10 years was performed; the participants were 278 atopic children with physician-diagnosed allergic disease (allergic rhinitis and asthma) (serum total IgE level >100 kU/l and eosinophilia >4%, or positivity to at least one allergen in skin test) and 429 non atopic healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Data were collected between December 2019 and November 2020 at the Pediatric General and Pediatric Allergy Outpatient Clinics of Bezmialem Vakıf University Hospital. Results Underweight was observed in 11.6% of all participants (10.8% of atopic children, 12.2% of healthy controls), and obesity in 14.9% of all participants (18.0% of atopic children, 12.8% of controls). Obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08–2.71, p=0.021), and overweight status (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.06–2.50, p=0.026) were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight in pre-pubertal children. This association did not differ by gender. There was no relationship between underweight status and atopic allergic disease (OR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.63–1.68, p=0.894). Conclusions Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased risk of atopic allergic disease compared to normal weight among middle-income and high-income pre pubertal children living in Istanbul.

When Marriage Gets Hard: Intra-Coalition Conflict and Electoral Accountability

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402110243
Author(s):  
Carolina Plescia ◽  
Sylvia Kritzinger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Responsibility Attribution ◽  
Electoral Accountability ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Election ◽  
Election Studies

Combining individual-level with event-level data across 25 European countries and three sets of European Election Studies, this study examines the effect of conflict between parties in coalition government on electoral accountability and responsibility attribution. We find that conflict increases punishment for poor economic performance precisely because it helps clarify to voters parties’ actions and responsibilities while in office. The results indicate that under conditions of conflict, the punishment is equal for all coalition partners when they share responsibility for poor economic performance. When there is no conflict within a government, the effect of poor economic evaluations on vote choice is rather low, with slightly more punishment targeted to the prime minister’s party. These findings have important implications for our understanding of electoral accountability and political representation in coalition governments.

Missing Data in Research on Youth and Family Programs

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110268
Author(s):  
Jaime Ballard ◽  
Adeya Richmond ◽  
Suzanne van den Hoogenhof ◽  
Lynne Borden ◽  
Daniel Francis Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Multilevel Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Individual

Background Multilevel data can be missing at the individual level or at a nested level, such as family, classroom, or program site. Increased knowledge of higher-level missing data is necessary to develop evaluation design and statistical methods to address it. Methods Participants included 9,514 individuals participating in 47 youth and family programs nationwide who completed multiple self-report measures before and after program participation. Data were marked as missing or not missing at the item, scale, and wave levels for both individuals and program sites. Results Site-level missing data represented a substantial portion of missing data, ranging from 0–46% of missing data at pre-test and 35–71% of missing data at post-test. Youth were the most likely to be missing data, although site-level data did not differ by the age of participants served. In this dataset youth had the most surveys to complete, so their missing data could be due to survey fatigue. Conclusions Much of the missing data for individuals can be explained by the site not administering those questions or scales. These results suggest a need for statistical methods that account for site-level missing data, and for research design methods to reduce the prevalence of site-level missing data or reduce its impact. Researchers can generate buy-in with sites during the community collaboration stage, assessing problematic items for revision or removal and need for ongoing site support, particularly at post-test. We recommend that researchers conducting multilevel data report the amount and mechanism of missing data at each level.

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