scholarly journals Frequency and Types of Red Cell Alloantibodies in Pregnant Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Asma Munir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripartum Hemorrhage ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Maternal isoimmunization, also called alloimmunization, occurs when immune system of a pregnant female is sensitized to foreign RBC surface antigen producing immune process. This maternal blood when goes to fetal circulation, causes immune reaction and disease in case of maternal and fetal blood group differences. Aims & Objectives: To find out the frequency and types of red cell alloantibodies among females presenting to antenatal care and recognize risk factors for alloimmunization. Place and duration of study: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Antenatal Clinic of Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 1st January 2013 to 31st August 2013. Material & Methods: Pregnant females with at least one previous pregnancy were typed for ABO and Rh antigens. They were screened and typed for red cell alloantibodies. Detailed history was taken to explore for the risk factors. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis, frequencies of different alloantibodies, blood groups and risk factors reported as percentages, age and gravidity in mean±s.d. Results: Out of 200 enrolled cases, 6(3%) had alloantibodies. Of the positive cases, anti-D was found in 3(50%), anti-C in 2(33.33%) and anti-Kell in 1(16.67%). Commonest risk factors were history of peripartum hemorrhage and gynecological procedures. In Rh-negative cases, disparity of spouse Rh group was also main factor. Conclusion: The most common culprit antibody for alloimmunization was anti-D followed by anti-Kell and anti-C. Commonest risk factor for alloimmunization was pregnancy related bleeding and gynecological procedures. Large population-based studies are required to assess true magnitude of the problem.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study to Find Prevalence and Risk Factors for Childhood Asthma in Pune City, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cheraghi ◽  
Alireza Dadgarinejad ◽  
Sundeep Salvi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of

We aimed to determine current prevalence of asthma and risk factors associated with it in Pune, India. Methods. This was a cross-sectional school-population-based study in which parents of school children aged 6-7 and 13-14 were administered an ISAAC questionnaire and an additional set of questions that detected the presence of potential risk factors known to be associated with asthma during 2008-2009 academic years. Results. Prevalence of current asthma was 6.7% (7% amongst 6-7-year olds and 6.3% amongst 13-14 year olds. Asthma was more common amongst boys (8.1%) than girls (4.9%) and more frequent in students studying in private schools (7.3%) than in those studying in public schools (5.8%). Risk factors such as family history of atopy, caesarian delivery, use of biomass fuel for cooking, absence of separate kitchen, absence of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life, preterm birth, snoring, dampness at home, male sex, and parental smoking were significantly associated with asthma. Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of childhood asthma in Pune, India, which was associated with genetic and environmental risk factors.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus in A State in South East Nigeria: Results of a Population Based House to House Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Ignatius U. Ezeani ◽  
Innocent I. Chukwuonye ◽  
Ugochukwu U. Onyeonoro ◽  
Abali Chuku ◽  
Okechukwu S. Ogah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Population based studies on diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce in Nigeria. Introduction: This was a population-based house to house survey aimed at determining the prevalence of DM and assessing the risk factors associated with DM in a state in Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study in which 1680 adults were recruited using a multistage sampling method to randomly select not more than two suitable participants of both sex in each household from four enumeration areas (EAs) in each local government area (LGA) and the three senatorial zones in the state. A modified World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise Approach to Surveillance questionnaire was used for data collection and random blood glucose (RBG) was measured after anthropometric assessment. Test statistics used were chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of DM in this study was 3.3%. A positive family history of DM was significantly higher in patients with diabetes: 18.2% vs. 9.6% (p=0.036). The mean (SD) of weight, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC) were significantly higher in patients with DM(p=0.001,<0.001,<0.001,<0.001, respectively).The odd ratio (95% CI) of a person>35years developing DM was 3.89(1.11-13.60). The OR (95% CI) for waist-hip ratio (WHR) was 3.04 (1.02-9.03) and family history of DM had an OR of 2.62(0.88-6.50). The odd of developing DM is positively associated with age>35years, increased WHR, WC, family history of DM, BMI>25Kg/m2, and HC. The odd of developing DM was negatively associated with smoking. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM in this study was 3.3%. A BMI>25 kg/m2, WHR >0.85, family history of DM, HC, and older age were associated with significantly higher prevalence.

scholarly journals Post-Treatment Adverse Health Correlates among Prostate Cancer Survivors in a Sample of Men Residing in Atlantic Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2812-2822
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ilie ◽  
Robert Rutledge ◽  
Ellen Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
History Of

Background: Recent large population-based studies have shed light on an association between prostate cancer (PCa) survivorship and mental health, which emerged when the comparison group was either men without a history of cancer or those with any other type of cancer except prostate. Here we examine the role of surgery alone, compared to other types of treatment modalities in this association in a population-based sample of men with prostate or other types of cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a subsample of 632 male participants aged 36–69 from the 2009–2015 survey cycle of the Atlantic PATH cohort study. The primary outcomes were the presence of mild, moderate or severe depression or anxiety indicators and were assessed using the seven-item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale and the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), respectively. The presence of a lifetime history of PCa or other form of cancer (except PCa) was the main predictor variable and was assessed in cancer treatment modality (surgery or other types of treatment modalities) stratified analyses. Covariates included age, marital status, household income, comorbidity, and survivorship time. Results: The presence of depression in this sample was prevalent among 17.7% of men, and of anxiety among 9.3% of men. Survivors who were treated with surgery for their PCa diagnosis had 7.55 statistically significantly higher odds of screening positive for current depression symptoms compared with those of other forms of cancer in controlled analyses. These differences were not observed for anxiety. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the need for multidisciplinary survivorship care plans among PCa patients, especially those who undergo surgery. Targeted programming aimed at prioritizing and delivering comprehensive mental health support to PCa survivors early in the survivorship journey is justified.

scholarly journals Prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer in women aged 30 years and above in Mumbai

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Padmavathi V. Dyavarishetty ◽  
Shobha S. Kowli
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
History Of

Background: Even though there is an increasing trend of breast cancer, women still do not perceive themselves at risk. Poor awareness about the disease and its risk factors and the absence of population based screening contribute to delayed diagnosis. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various risk factors for breast cancer in women aged 30 years and above. Methods: The cross-sectional study using convenience sampling of all women aged 30 years and above was conducted in Mumbai. Of the 2430 women enumerated in the study area, 1158 women participated in the study. Risk factors for breast cancer assessed included age at menarche; age at first child birth; breastfeeding; use of oral contraceptive pills, age of menopause, first degree relatives with history of breast cancer, history of current and past breast cancer; history of any previous breast related abnormalities. Results: 15.5% of the women had atleast one risk factor for breast cancer. The prevalence of individual risk factors was below 6%. Conclusions: Prevalence of the risk factors for breast cancer is not very high, but never the less, the increasing trend of breast cancer in the country makes it imperative to introduce population based screening for all women with or without risk factor. 

scholarly journals Paradoxically protective effect of glucocorticoids on bone mass and fragility fracture in a large cohort: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Bukhari ◽  
Nicola Goodson ◽  
Maarten Boers
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objectives Glucocorticoids (GC) increase risk of fracture through reduction in bone mineral density (BMD); they may also reduce bone quality, but recent supporting data are scarce. We aimed to confirm these effects in a large population-based cohort. Methods We used data from patients referred for first hip and lumbar spine BMD estimation by the sole Dual X-Ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the North West of England between June 2004 and September 2016. We compared history of fractures and BMD between patients currently on GC and patients never exposed to GC. A logistic model adjusted for possible confounders. Results Over 20,000 subjects were included, mean age 63 (SD 13) years, 82% female; 19% currently on GC. GC patients were more often male, with higher BMI, but their age was similar to those not exposed to GC. Surprisingly GC patients had about 2% higher BMD at both sites (p &lt; 0.001) and lower prevalence of (history of) fractures (22% vs 34%; p &lt; 0.001). The corresponding odds ratio was 0.53 (95%CI 0.49,0.58); adjustment for age, gender, body mass index and number of indications for scanning did not alter the association. Conclusion In this large population-based cohort current GC use compared with never use was associated with higher bone mass and less rather than more fractures after adjusting for confounders. These results may be subject to unmeasured confounding, but for now they do not lend support to a detrimental bone effect of GC.

Paroxysmal finger haematoma - a benign acrosyndrome occurring in middle-aged women

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Carpentier ◽  
Hildegard R. Maricq ◽  
Christine Biro ◽  
Myriam Jiguet ◽  
Christophe Seinturier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Paroxysmal finger haematoma (PFH) is an under-recognised vascular acrosyndrome with no epidemiological description to date. The aim of this work was to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of PFH in a population-based sample of subjects and to describe their semiological characteristics. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study of random samples of the general population in three geographic areas of France involved 802 subjects, 548 women and 254 men, aged 18 to 84 years. The diagnosis of PFH was made from a report by the subject of a history of recurrent haematoma in the fingers with a sudden, painful and unexpected occurrence. Diagnosis of associated conditions and evaluation of lifestyle variables were obtained through standardised medical interview and examination. Results: A history of PFH was detected in 71 subjects, with a prevalence of 1.2 % in men and 12.4 % in women; there was no significant regional variation. Onset before 40 years of age was rare. Besides female sex and age, no socio-economical nor lifestyle risk factors were detected. PFH was associated with Raynaud phenomenon and a history of chilblains, but no link with any health threatening disease was found. In addition to the sudden onset of pain and hematoma, the main clinical features were a frequent digital swelling during the painful attack, and their predominant location on the volar side of the first and second phalanges of the third or second fingers of the dominant hand. Conclusions: PFH is a benign phenomenon, frequently found in middle-aged women, to be classified among the vascular acrosyndromes. Patients seeking medical evaluation for this disorder should be reassured.

scholarly journals Risk factors for syphilis in young women attending a family health program in Vitória, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Espinosa Miranda ◽  
Nínive Camilo Figueiredo ◽  
Valdir Monteiro Pinto ◽  
Kimberly Page ◽  
Sinésio Talhari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Health Program ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of STDs among women indicates the need to implement approaching techniques, case detection and prevention of new cases. OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of risk factors for syphilis and assess attitudes towards sexual risk in a population of young women in Vitória, ES. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study, performed in Vitória. Interviews were held and VDRL and MHA-TP were investigated in blood samples. RESULTS: Among the 904 eligible women (18-29 years) sampled from the Family Health Program (FHP), 11 were diagnosed with syphilis, a prevalence of 1.2% (CI95% 0.5-1.9). Median age was 23 years (interquartile range 20-26 years); 65.7% of participants were in high school or college and 85.4% lived with their family or sexual partner. Factors associated with syphilis included: lower educational level (<8 years of schooling) [Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR=4.3 (CI 95% 1.01-17.99)]; >1 lifetime sexual partners [(aOR) =6.50 (CI95% 1.37-30.82)], and history of a previously diagnosed STD [aOR=10.3 (CI95% 2.37-44.33)]. Two thirds (67.7%) of the women surveyed agreed that it is not easy to tell their sexual partner they do not want to have sex without condoms; 52.3% thought it is difficult to use condoms in all sexual intercourses, and 36.2% said they cannot do anything if their partner refuses to use condoms. CONCLUSIONS: Using the FHP as an approach to perform routine VDRL can contribute to decreasing the vulnerability of these women and help control congenital syphilis.

scholarly journals Determination of Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in the Endemic Region in Turkey: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rıza Çıtıl ◽  
Mücahit Eğri ◽  
Yalçın Önder ◽  
Fazilet Duygu ◽  
Yunus Emre Bulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Objectives. Turkey is one of the countries that has the most cases of CCHF in recent years among the endemic countries. The disease also poses an important health threat with high mortality rate. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of CCHF in adults aged ≥20 years in Tokat in the endemic region, Turkey. Methods. In this population-based cross-sectional study, a total of 85 Family Medicine Units (FMUs), from over 170 in Tokat, were randomly selected using 50% sampling. The sample size was determined among the subjects aged ≥20 who registered with the FMUs, due to gender, age group, and the urban/rural population size of Tokat using the stratified cluster sampling method. Subjects were invited to the FMUs. A questionnaire was performed face to face. The blood samples were taken, and anti-CCHFV IgG antibodies were measured with ELISA method. Results. 1272 (54.9%) out of 2319 participants were female, and the mean age was 47.3 ± 15.3. Anti-CCHFV IgG seropositivity was 5.6% (n = 130). Seropositivity rates in terms of adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were higher 2.53 times (95% CI: 1.57–4.08; p = 0.001 ) in males; 4.05 (95% CI: 2.14–7.65; p < 0.001 ) in age group ≥65; 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14–0.76; p < 0.001 ) in graduates of high school and above; 0.71 (95%CI: 0.33–1.52; p < 0.001 ) in ones with good income; 1.84 (95%CI: 1.18–2.86; p < 0.001 ) in farmers; 1.64 (95% CI: 1.04–2.27; p < 0.001 ) in people dealing with animal husbandry; and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.03–2.29; p < 0.001 ) in those with history of tick contact. Conclusions. CCHF seroprevalence is still a common public health problem in Tokat, Turkey. Male gender, advanced age group, low-educated, low-income, farmers, animal husbandry, and history of tick contact were found to be risk factors for CCHF. The importance of this kind of community-based studies to identify the seroprevalence in regional and national level increases even more.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B in Pregnant Females. A Cross Sectional Study in Nile Delta, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elkadeem ◽  
Ramy Elnaggar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B E Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background &Aim:Hepatitis B infection is a worldwide health problem. Egypt classified as an area of intermediate endemicity. Hepatitis B has high materno-fetal transmission. The aim of this study was to assess hepatitis B virus infection in Egyptian pregnant females in Nile Delta as regards risk factors and magnitude of the problem.Methods:This cross sectional study was performed on 1948 pregnant females. Historical and sociodemographic data were collected through short simple questionnaire. They were screened for hepatitis B surface antigens. Positive ones were subjected to test hepatitis B e antigen and viral load by real time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Thirty patients (1.54%) were hepatitis B surface antigen positive. Only two of them (6.67%) were hepatitis B e antigen positive with high viral load. Others were hepatitis B e antigen negative and low viral load. Family history of hepatitis B, occupation, age more than 27 years, and history of surgical or dental procedures were significant risk factors associated with hepatitis B acquisition.Conclusion: Screening for hepatitis B is important as a part of antenatal care mainly in the presence of risk factors to follow up mother, and protect fetus so as to prevent wide spread of hepatitis B in Egypt.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study into risk factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among young and adult population in rural Pondicherry, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Shib Sekhar Datta ◽  
R. Rupesh Kanna ◽  
Surendar Rangaswamy ◽  
Rajkumar S.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extramarital Relationship

Background: Suicide is one of the major public health problems in low and middle income countries. However, information about causes and risk factors are insufficient. Objectives of the study were to find out prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt among young and adult population in rural Pondicherry and to analyse the risk factors qualitatively.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-44 years’ population in rural Pondicherry during January to June 2012. Total 200 subjects were interviewed by house to house visit. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, concurrent illness, family and personal history were obtained. Factors contributing to suicidal ideation and attempt were collected through FGDs, free listing and pile sorting exercise. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Qualitative data analyzed using Anthropac 4.98.1/X software.Results: 8% subjects had ever attempted and 7.5% had ideas of suicide. Suicidal ideation/ attempt were more among males and 36-45 years group. Physical disability, infertility/sterility and chronic illness were significantly associated with suicidal ideation or attempt. Family dispute, history of beaten by spouse and family history of suicide/attempt was significantly associated with ideation. Alcoholism, failed relationship, physical abuses were strongly associated with ideas of suicide or attempt. Risk factors for males include failed relationships, more than one wife, family dispute, alcoholism etc. Risk factors for females include failed relationship, poor performance in exam, quarrel with friends, unemployment, alcoholic husband, pressure for dowry, extramarital relationship by husband etc.Conclusions: Suicidal attempt and ideation rates were high in study area and demand population based mental health interventions to reduce population suicide rates.

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