scholarly journals Seropathological Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in Stray Cats in Baghdad Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Mohammed J. Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Alveolar Space ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Cat ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Local Necrosis

The current study was performed an investigation in seropositive stray cats with Toxoplasma gondii and to correlate the results of pathological lesions with seropositive results of the cats. To achieve these goals, fifty blood samples and specimens from internal organs (liver, spleen, brain, kidney, intestine and lung) of stray cats were collected from different area of Baghdad Province during the period 1.10.2011-1.10.2012. Seropositive ELISA-IgG was demonstrated that 66 % of stray cats while female expressed (75 %) of seropositive ELISA-IgG were higher than male (30% ) and animals with average age 2months showed high percentage of seropositive ELISA-IgG (100%) as compared with age (adult cat) that expressed( 63.82 %) of seropositive. There was a significant difference (P≤0.01) among positive cases to anti-Toxoplasma ELISA-IgG. Severe pathological lesions were noticed in the lungs ,livers and intestines of animals that expressed high (optical density) (OD) of anti-Toxoplasma IgG ,in addition ,tachyzoits intracytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and hepatocytes as well as free zoites in alveolar space of the lung, were reported. Local necrosis with tachyzoites was seen in the brain of the cats, in addition to mineralization. On bases of the presence of pathological lesions in cats that expressed seropositive anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, it can be conclude that T.gondii is responsible for the appearance of inflammatory reaction in the internal organs of cats and there is a correlation between seropositive and pathological lesions of T.gondii infection and this parasite is highly distributed in Baghdad stray cats and it may be an important cause of abortion in the women.

scholarly journals Study of histopathological changes in brian of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii isolated from domestic rabbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Raghad Ibraheam Khalil AL-Mahdawi
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Domestic Rabbit ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dark Blue ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

     The study was designed to determine the infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in the rabbits and histopathological changes of infected internal organs in mice. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy rabbits from different region of Baghdad city for the serological detection of T. gondii infection. Biological assay in mice was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of 0.1 ml digested organs suspension, (lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscles, and brain) during the period from October 2013 until July 2014. The results revealed histopathological changes in bioassay mice infected by T. gondii isolated from domestic rabbit, no histopathological changes in the brain of animals of first group1 (control group), but in the group 2 (killed at day 15) the main pathological changes were perivascular perineuronal edema with presence of some degenerated neurons characterized  by shrunken dark blue stained (basophilic) cell bodies. In the animals of the group 2 (killed at day 21) the main brain histopathological changes were Sever congestion of meningeal blood vessels with infiltration of inflammatory cells and focal aggregation of microglial cells with diffuse obvious focal gliosis, whereas, in the same group animals that killed at day 28 the main brain histopathological changes were focal encephalomalacia and edema between molecular and granular layer.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pet and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 542-550
Author(s):  
Tan L.P. ◽  
Megat Abd. Rani P.A. ◽  
Sharma R.S.K. ◽  
Syed Hussain S.S. ◽  
Watanabe M.
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Klang Valley

Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan that has a worldwide distribution, is known to infect many warm-blooded vertebrates. The feline species including domestic cats are the definitive hosts for Toxoplama gondii and shed the infective oocyst. There is lack of information on the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine both the seroprevalence of T. gondii and the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in cats’ feces in Klang Valley, Malaysia. 198 blood and 201 fecal samples were collected from pet and stray cats from the local council, Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL) and University Veterinary Hospital, Universiti Putra Malaysia respectively. The overall seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cats in the Klang Valley was found to be 5.5%. There was a high prevalence (10.5%) of T. gondii DNA detected in the cat fecal samples in both pet and stray cats suggestive of T. gondii oocyst shedding. Stray cats showed a higher seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of T. gondii than the pet cats. However, comparative analysis using Chi-square test showed no significant difference between both groups (P>0.05). Higher prevalence (10.5%) of cats shedding T. gondii DNA as compared to the seroprevalence (5.5%) was found in the cat population in the Klang Valley. The high prevalence of cats shedding T. gondii DNA is alarming as this may directly reflect the number of oocysts excreted into the environment posing a significant public health hazard.

scholarly journals Zoonotic and other gastrointestinal parasites in cats in Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izzu Ar-Rifqi Rabbani ◽  
Fairuz Jihan Mareta ◽  
Kusnoto ◽  
Poedji Hastutiek ◽  
Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Relationship between humans and cats has negative impact associates with zoonotic diseases. It is the reason why studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in cats are important. Some of zoonotic GI parasites in cats are Toxocara spp, Ancylostoma sp, and Toxoplasma gondii. The current study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of GI parasites in owned and stray cats in Lumajang East Java Indonesia. One hundred and twenty fecal samples were collected from owned and stray cats on November 2018 to January 2019. The samples were examined by direct smears, sedimentation and flotation techniques. Identification of parasites was determined based on the morphology of worm eggs and protozoan cysts. The results showed that gastrointestinal parasites were found in 68.33% (82/120) examined samples, respectively, 48.33% (29/60) and 88.33% (53/60) from owned cats and stray cats. We found 7 genera of parasites, 4 genera of worm eggs and 2 genera protozoan oocyst. The egg worm were Toxocara cati (40 %), Toxocara leonina. (10.33%), Ancylostoma sp. (18.33%), Diphylobothrium sp. (3.33%) and Dipylidium caninum (1.67%). The protozoan oocyst were Isospora felis (27.5%), Isospora rivolta (13.33%) and Eimeria spp. (8.33%). Toxocara cati, Ancylostoma sp. (hookworm), Diphylobothrium sp. and Dipylidium caninum were zoonotic parasites. Rate infection in younger and older cat were no significant difference. One cat can be infected one or more parasite. To conclude, the prevalence of zoonotic GI parasites both in owned and stray cats were high. It is necessary to plan a program to control this zoonotic parasites.

Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle in Siirt province in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Yasar Celik ◽  
Duygu Neval Sayýn Ipek ◽  
Burcak Aslan Celik ◽  
Kivanc Irak ◽  
Gulsah Akgul
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World

Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonotic disease, which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii and is quite common in the world, found in all mammals including humans, poultry, and reptiles. It has been reported that; adult cattle do not have toxoplasmosis clinically, and it is possible they pass the parasite through the placenta to the fetus, and that some infected animals give birth to aborted or infected calves. This study was conducted to determine T. gondii seroprevalence in cattle of Siirt region in Turkey and seropositivity was determined in blood samples of 300 cattle by using ELISA. Results showed that 53 (18%) of the samples were seropositive, while 247 (82%) of the samples were seronegative. In addition, there was a significant difference between their average age groups.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii: infection among shelter and stray cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pâmela Figueiredo Pereira ◽  
Alynne da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Ana Leticia Carvalho Santos ◽  
Paula Forain Bolais ◽  
Marie-Laure Dardé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify possible infection of Toxoplasma gondii among cats in a shelter and a set of condominiums in the city of Rio de Janeiro, through changes to the cats’ serological status between two different times in 2014 and 2015. One group was made up of captive cats at the municipal shelter and the other comprised stray cats that circulated in condominiums in the city. On the first occasion, cats were caught and tagged through application of microchips; in this manner, blood samples were obtained from 261 captive cats and 172 stray cats. On the second occasion, blood samples were obtained from 94 captive cats and 56 recaptured stray cats. The serological diagnosis was made by means of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT) (cutoff ≥ 64). The frequency of T. gondii infection among the captive cats was 24.5% and among the stray cats, 18%. With the second analysis, it was possible to verify modifications to the serological status of anti-T. gondii antibodies, in 18% of both populations of animals. The presence of seroconversion shows that infection was possibly occurring in the region at the time of the study.

scholarly journals Validation of the Use of Dried Blood Samples for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Cats (Felis s. catus)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Julie Simon ◽  
Dominique Aubert ◽  
Régine Geers ◽  
Isabelle Villena ◽  
Marie-Lazarine Poulle
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blotting Paper ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Dilution Level

If validated beforehand, the analysis of dried blood on blotting paper (BP samples) is very useful for monitoring free-ranging animals. We aimed to validate this method for the detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in stray cats. We used the modified agglutination test (MAT) in 199 sample pairs of sera and BP samples from 54, 39, 56, and 50 cats trapped during four periods in five dairy farms. Screening was at 1:6, 1:12, and 1:24 dilutions. The cut-off value was at MAT titre ≥ 24, but MAT titre ≥ 12 was also considered for BP samples that often have a higher dilution level. Depending on the period, sample type, and cut-off value, sensitivity of the analysis of the BP sample vs. serum varied from 87.1% to 100% and specificity ranged from 72.22% to 100%. The concordance values and Kappa coefficient showed a substantial to excellent agreement between the results of the two methods, whatever the cut-off value. These findings quantifiably validate the use of MAT on BP samples for the detection of antibodies to T. gondii in stray cats, but we recommend expressing results from BP samples with several cut-off values as the MAT titres tend to be lower than those of sera.

scholarly journals Indirect Hemagglutination Test for Detection of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Venezuelan felids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Cañizales
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test

Abstract Current knowledge of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Venezuelan ecosystems is limited. T. gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite. Mammals and birds are intermediate hosts and felid species are definitive hosts. In most human altered habitats, the domestic cat is the predominant definitive host. Cats are important in the epidemiology of T. gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. Other carnivores can be infected by the consumption of tissue cysts when feeding on infected animals and by incidental ingestion of oocysts from environmental contamination. This study aimed to quantify the values of antibodies for T. gondii in blood serum of some felids species by means of the technique of Indirect Hemoagglutination. In the present study, seropositivity of T. gondii was determined in serum of 35 animals (22 stray cats and 13 wild cats) from Venezuela, South America. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the indirect hemagglutination test and found in 21 of 22 (95.45 %) stray catstiters of 1:64 in four, 1:128 in four, 1:256 in one, 1:512 in one, 1:1024 in three, and 1:2048 or higher in eight. In 4 of 6 (66.67 %) ocelots titers of 1:64 in one, 1:256 in one, 1:1024 in one, and one with titers 1:2048. In 3 of 4 (75.00 %) jaguars titers of 1:512 in one, and two with titers 1:2048. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference between species (H = 6.983, p = 0.03).

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in stray cats in Algiers urban area, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
A. MOHAMED-CHERIF ◽  
K. BENFODIL ◽  
S. ANSEL ◽  
K.H. AIT-OUDHIA
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Human infections are common and generally asymptomatic, but they can become very dangerous in immunosuppressed and HIV-positive patients. The infection can also be serious if it is transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Infection in untreated mothers can lead to abortion, birth defects and blindness of the fetus. The aim of this study is to determinethe seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgT antibodies in cats in the urban area of Algiers. From December 2017 to August 2018, blood samples from 184 stray cats were collected and analyzed for IgG antibodies against T. gondii using an ELISA method. Overall, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in stray cats was 58.15% (107/184). There was no statistically significant difference between male and female cats. The rate of seropositivity of T. gondii increased with age (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the different regions from which the samples were taken. The results of the present study showed the high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Algiers rather than in other countries. Due to the high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in cats, it is recommended to include in the prenatal evaluation, together with the adoption of a screening test and the determination of the IgG antibody titer in the high-risk populations (young girls, pregnant women) public information programs on the disease and measures that can contribute to prevention

scholarly journals 4. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Histological Examination on Balb/c Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanafiah ◽  
Dwinna Aliza ◽  
Erdiansyah Rahmi ◽  
Wisnu Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
The Brain

The purpose of this research was to compare the use of PCR method and histological examination to diagnose toxoplasmosis in tissues of Balb/c mice infected with sporulated oocysts through drinking water. A total of 20 male Balb/c mice aged approximately 2 months were used in this experiment. Each mouse was infected with 1x103 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites intraperitoneally. Tissue samples (liver, lung, heart, kidney, and brain) were collected from 5 mice on day 1, day 5, day 7, and day 9 after infection. Samples were then examined by PCR and histological methods. The data collected were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that PCR method was more sensitive than histological examination. PCR examination using primer invitrogen gen can amplify DNA T. gondii at 436 bp of the samples from liver, lung, heart and brain on Day 7 and Day 9 after infection. The histological examination showed that the cyst of toxoplasma was found in the brain while mononuclear cells infiltration was found in other internal organs.

scholarly journals Serological survey of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in organic sheep and goat farms in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. NTAFIS (Β. ΝΤΑΦΗΣ) ◽  
E. XYLOURI (Ε.Μ. ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ) ◽  
A. DIAKOU (Α. ΔΙΑΚΟΥ) ◽  
K. SOTIRAKOGLOU (Α. Κ. ΣΩΤΗΡΑΚΟΓΛΟΥ) ◽  
I. KRITIKOS (Ι. ΚΡΗΤΙΚΟΣ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Sheep

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection with global distribution caused by the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii. The present study is divided into the preliminary and the basic research. In the preliminary research, 413 serum samples (184 sheep and 229 goats) from organic farms of Péloponnèse and Western Sterea Hellas were tested for IgG antibodies against Τ gondii, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood sampling took place during spring of 2005 and samples were taken from male animals and female that had aborted during the reproductive period of 2004-2005. Significant prevalence of antibodies was the reason that further research of toxoplasmosis in organic farms was conducted. For the basic research, small ruminants' blood samples from organic farms of Péloponnèse, Western Sterea Hellas and the county of Ioannina, were collected during summer of 2006. Blood samples were collected from flocks with cases of abortions during the reproductive period of 2005-2006. Animals were separated into 3 groups: males, females that had abortions during the reproductive period of 2005-2006 and females that did not have abortions during the same period. A total number of 182 sheep sera and 167 goat sera were tested by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that antibodies were detected in 38.46% of male sheep, 60.87% of female sheep that had abortions during the reproductive period 2005-2006 and in 54.21% of female sheep that did not have abortions during the same period. Significant difference was determined only between male and female animals (p<0.05). In addition, antibodies were detected in 12.12% of male goats, 14.29% of female goats that had abortions and in 22.35% of female goats that did not have abortions in the reproductive period 2005-2006. There was no significant difference between the results (p>0.05). Seroprevalence in goats was significandy lower than that of the sheep (p<0.05). In animals, aged less than 4 years old, seroprevalence was significantly lower (39.58% for sheep and 13.04% for goats) than that for animals aged more than 4 years old (61.97% for sheep and 24% for goats) (p<0.05). The results of the survey suggest that there is high prevalence of toxoplasmosis both in animals that had aborted and in animals that had not aborted and that there are different species and gender susceptibility. Results also indicate that toxoplasmosis is more common in older animals.

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