scholarly journals CHETTOUH

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Khadra CHETTOUH
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Collaborative Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Linguistic research is based on two principles: the specific and the general. The specific aspect is ‎linked to the fact that linguistics is considered as an autonomous science having its ‎scientific ‎ characteristics which distinguish it from other human sciences. And given its particular interest in ‎language, it has its internal and external foundations and its own objectives. It describes the ‎structure of the language, seeks to know its secrets, explores its rules which control its fundamental ‎structure, and among other things delves into its sound, structural and semantic characteristics in ‎order to put a set of universal rules.‎ As for the general aspect, it is linked to the relationship existing between linguistics and the ‎other sciences: a relationship of mutual influence.‎ Linguistic research has played a major role in the institution of contemporary Arab critical ‎terminology starting from its beginning in the 1960s.‎ Critical research aims to institute critical terminology according to a system influenced by the ‎descriptive approach in the institution of thematic and conceptual oriented terminology.‎ This article aims to highlight the collaborative relationship between linguistic research and ‎critical research. So what are the limits of this collaboration, What are the linguistic bases of terminology according to the perception of Mahmoud Fahmy ‎Hegazy in his The Linguistic Foundations of Terminology as a model reflecting the efforts of ‎Arabs in the field of critical linguistics‎.

Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership: Collaboration for more effective biosolids management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Speers ◽  
Allen Gale ◽  
Nancy Penney
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Community Consultation ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sustainability Framework

This paper describes an international biosolids management initiative, known as the Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership (ANZBP). The ANZBP - known formerly as the Australasian Biosolids Partnership – comprises 33 members dedicated to promoting the sustainable management of biosolids across the two nations. Two critical research projects are described, each of which contributes to the ANZBP goal of promoting the sustainable management of biosolids. The first is a review of community attitudes to biosolids management, the outcomes of which will be used to refine communication tools and methods of community consultation and which will provide input to policy development over time. The second is a review of regulations in place in Australia and New Zealand carried out to identify inconsistencies and improvements that could be made. An outcome of this initiative is potentially the development of a best practice manual. The relationship of the two projects to a sustainability framework adopted by the ANZBP is also described, as is the relationship of the two projects to each other.

scholarly journals Takis Zenetos’s Electronic Urbanism and Tele-Activities: Minimizing Transportation as Social Aspiration

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marianna Charitonidou
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Social ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Takis Zenetos was enthusiastic about the idea of working from home, and believed that both architecture and urban planning should be reshaped in order to respond to this. He supported the design of special public spaces in residential units, aiming to accommodate the inhabitants during working hours. This article argues that Zenetos’s design for “Electronic Urbanism” was more prophetic, and more pragmatic, than his peers such as Archigram and Constant Nieuwenhuys. Despite the fact that they shared an optimism towards technological developments and megastructure, a main difference between Zenetos’s view and the perspectives of his peers is his rejection of a generalised enthusiasm concerning increasing mobility of people. In opposition with Archigram, Zenetos insisted in minimizing citizens’ mobility and supported the replacement of daily transport with the use advanced information technologies, using terms such as “tele-activity”. Zenetos was convinced that “Electronic Urbanism” would help citizens save the time that they normally used to commute to work, and would allow them to spend this time on more creative activities, at or near their homes. The main interest of “Electronic Urbanism” lies in the fact that it not only constitutes an artistic contribution to experimental architecture, but is also characterized by a new social vision, promising to resynchronize practices of daily life. An aspect that is also examined is the relationship of Zenetos’s ideas and those of the so-called Metabolists in the 1960s in Japan, including Kenzo Tange’s conception of megastructures. Zenetos’s thought is very topical considering the ongoing debates about the advanced information society, especially regarding the social concerns of surveillance, governance, and sovereignty within the context of Big Data. His conception of “tele-activities” provides a fertile terrain for reflecting on potential implications and insights concerning home-office conditions not only within the context of the current pandemic situation but beyond it as well.

Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.

Introduction

Troublemakers ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kathryn Schumaker
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Board Of Education ◽  
Chicano Movement ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The introductionexplains how and why student protest became common in the United States in the late 1960s and places these protests in the context of shifts in the history of education and in broader social movements, including the civil rights movement, the Chicano Movement, and black power activism. The introduction also situates students’ rights within the context of children’s rights more broadly, explaining the legal principles that justified age discrimination and excluded children and students from the basic protections of American constitutional law. The introduction identifies the two decades between the 1960s and 1980s as a constitutional moment that revolutionized the relationship of students to the state. It also connects students’ rights litigation to the issue of school desegregation and the legacy of Brown v. Board of Education.

Agricultural Economics and the Agrarian Lobby in Hungary under State Socialism

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 284-308
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Varga
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Agrarian Policy ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Oriented Research

Following the revolution in 1956, Hungary’s agrarian policy went through changes and reforms unprecedented within the socialist block. The most important reform was the abolition of the system of compulsory delivery. This article aims to outline how the political change affected agrarian economics and also highlights the significant role played by some scholars, with their latent presence and their policy suggestions, which the Kádár Government had the courage to support in November 1956. With the emergence of the so-called Agrarian Lobby, of the intertwining networks of politicians, administrators, and scientists of the agrarian sector, the personal and intellectual preconditions had already been in place before 1956. Institutionalization, however, could only come about after the partial rehabilitation of market economy. The post-1956 political leadership could only meet the challenge of re-defining the relationship of the state and the agricultural cooperatives with the contribution of professionals. At the same time, the shape and nature of Kádár era agrarian economic research were also affected by the alliance between the practitioners of the field and the emerging network of agro-politicians and administrators, the Agrarian Lobby. Two key figures, Ferenc Erdei and Lajos Fehér, shared the responsibility for the better performance of agriculture. This paper also pays attention to the way their cooperation on this reform policy-oriented research was realized and the key role it played in the Hungarian agricultural cooperatives’ emancipation from the bonds of the kolkhoz model in the 1960s.

Heartfelt Driving: Discourses on Manners, Safety, and Emotion in Japan's Era of Mass Motorization

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hotaka Roth
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
School Curricula

This paper explores the contradictory discourses on manners, safety and emotion that arose with mass motorization in Japan in the 1960s and which continue through the present. It documents the way in which multiple government entities end up working at cross-purposes in their attempts to cultivate safer drivers and slow the epidemic of traffic accidents. On the one hand, the discourse on driving manners suggests a widespread embrace of the Traffic Bureau's and other government agencies' concern with safety. On the other hand, the emphasis on manners may lead to angrier driving, which promotes accidents according to psychological studies of driving. The picture that emerges is one in which attempts at social control are complicated by the often unpredictable emotional reactions of subjects caught in a web of institutional and ideological processes. By exploring the relationship of emotion to driving school curricula and the discourse on manners, this article extends previous studies of self, social control, and social management in Japan.

scholarly journals Editor's Introduction: I. Writing Modern Art and Science – An Overview; II. Cubism, Futurism, and Ether Physics in the Early Twentieth Century

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Dalrymple Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Modern Artists ◽  
The Relationship

This issue of Science in Context presents a sampling of current work by art historians examining modern artists' engagement with science as well as the relationship of photography to both science and art. The essays' topics span the mid-to-later nineteenth century to the 1960s and, thus, in a series of case studies provide an introduction to aspects of artistic modernism. Indeed, it is impossible to understand fully many of the radical innovations of modern art without some knowledge of an artist's cultural context, and developments in science have often played a critical role in defining that milieu. Collected together, these essays also represent methodological models of historical work on art and science that serve as useful examples in this developing field.

scholarly journals Komunikasi Ritual Obiyem pada Etnis Tamil Hindu di Kota Medan

Koneksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Ratna Sari Puspa ◽  
Suzy Azeharie
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Ritual Communication ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Universe

The Tamil Hindu ethnic community is spread across Indonesia, the majority live in Medan North Sumatra. Obiyem ritual is a religious activity believed by the Tamil Hindu ethnic community. The ritual has existed since the time of Bharatayudha and it is believed to eliminate bad karma for anyone who participates and performs the ritual. This ritual also obliges the devotees to make offerings to the Gods and Goddesses as a form of gratitude for giving abundance, maintain and protecting the universe. With the existence of ritual communication, the Tamil Hindu ethnic community in Medan can communicate and relate to the creator through the Obiyem ritual. This tradition is still carried out by the Tamil Hindu ethnic community to this day. The purpose of this study is to find out how the ritual communication is at the ceremony to the Tamil Hindu ethnic in Medan and what preparations are needed when the ritual is performed. Theories used in this research are communication theory, ritual communication and transcendental communication.The research method used was a phenomenological method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data were obtained from in-depth interviews with three sources who understood about the ritual of Obiyem. The conclusion of this study is the ritual of Obiyem is a media used to communicate between humans and the Creator so that all bad karma is eliminated. It is also strengthen the relationship of Tamil Hindu ethnic society.Masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu di Indonesia mayoritas berada di kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Ritual Obiyemmerupakan kegiatan keagamaan bagi etnis Tamil Hindu. Ritual Obiyemsudah ada sejak zaman Bharatayudha. Ritual ini dipercaya bisa menghapuskan karma buruk bagi siapapun yang ikut serta dan melakukan ritual ini. Ritual ini juga mewajibkan para jemaah untuk memberikan persembahan kepada para dewa dan dewi sebagai bentuk terima kasih karena sudah memberi kelimpahan, memelihara dan menjaga alam semesta. Dengan adanya komunikasi ritual masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu di Medan dapat berkomunikasi dan berhubungan dengan sang pencipta melalui ritual Obiyem. Ritual ini masih dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana  komunikasi ritual Obiyempada etnis Tamil Hindu di kota Medan dan apa saja persiapan yang dibutuhkan pada saat ritual Obiyem dilakukan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori komunikasi, komunikasi ritual dan komunikasi transendental. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara mendalam dengan narasumber yang mengetahui ritual Obiyem. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ritual Obiyemmerupakan media yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi antara manusia dan sang pencipta untuk menghapuskan karma buruk. Komunikasi ritual ini juga dilakukan untuk mempererat hubungan masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Kristiani sebagai Sarana Pembentukan Spiritualitas Generasi Milenial

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Yornan Masinambow ◽  
Yosef Nasrani
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to describe the importance of Christian education to form the spirituality of the millennial generation. Presented using a qualitative-descriptive approach with the support of literature studies. The conclusion is the Christian education is a vital tool that can shape the spirituality of the millennial generation. The Christian education style praises this goal is the relationship of friendship and love for others in the learning process by families, churches, and schools.

scholarly journals Традиции гостеприимства у кряшен в свете автоэтнографии

2021 ◽  
pp. 304-316
Author(s):  
Иван Владимирович Севастьянов
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Original Field ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Статья посвящена анализу особенностей традиции гостеприимства у кряшен, самобытного этноконфессионального сообщества, характеризующегося сочетанием татароязычия и православного вероисповедания. Изыскания автора основываются как на письменных источниках, так и на оригинальных полевых материалах, касающихся преимущественно двух этнографических групп кряшенского населения Республики Татарстан, молькеевской и заказанской, каждая из которых обладает собственной этнокультурной спецификой. Этнографический материал, анализируемый в статье, относится к хронологическому отрезку от рубежа к. XIX – нач. XX вв. до настоящего дня. Ставится задача, во-первых, исследовать проявления гостеприимства в конкретной этнической среде в его функциональных разновидностях; во-вторых, проследить трансформацию этого обычая в условиях современности. Показана саморефлексия автора-исследователя по поводу проблемы взаимовлияния объекта и субъекта изучения (этнографического наблюдения) и роль субъективности в научном постижении иной этнической культуры. Отношения диалога между исследователем и информантом рассматриваются как значимый приоритетный аналитический подход. В этой связи на примере опыта полевой работы в среде кряшенского населения Республики Татарстан выявляется воздействие, которое традиция гостеприимства в ее современном бытовании оказала на полевые исследования ученых-этнологов. Важнейшим ресурсом в процессе работы, по мнению автора, оказались взаимная расположенность и доверие, во многом базирующиеся на обычае гостеприимства. The article is devoted to the analysis of the tradition of hospitality among the Kryashens, an authentic ethno-confessional community, characterized by a combination of the Tatar-speaking and Orthodox faith. The research is based on both written sources and original field materials concerning mainly two ethnographic groups of the Kryashen population of the Republic of Tatarstan – Molkeevskaya and Zakazan, each of them having its own ethno-cultural specificity. The ethnographic material analyzed in the article refers to the period from the turn of the XIX – early XX centuries to the present day. The task is, firstly, to study the manifestations of hospitality in a specific ethnic environment in its functional varieties; secondly, to trace the transformation of this custom in modern conditions. The self-reflection of the author-researcher on the problem of the mutual influence of the object and the subject of study (ethnographic observation), the role of subjectivity in the scientific comprehension of another ethnic culture is shown. Understanding the relationship of the dialogue between the researcher and the informant is considered as a significant analytical approach. In this regard, the experience of fieldwork among the Kryashen population of the Republic of Tatarstan reveals the impact that the tradition of hospitality in its contemporary form had on the field research of ethnologists. Mutual disposition and trust, largely based on the custom of hospitality, turned out to be the most important resource in the process of an ethnological study.

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