Efficacy of Intelligent Mosquito System (I.M.O.S) with Xmos Mini Aerosol Against Aedes in 17th College, Universiti Putra Malaysia

This study reports the efficacy of I.M.O.S (Intelligent Mosquito System) by using Xmos mini aerosol in reducing Aedes mosquito population in 17th College, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Prior to the experiment, the Aedes mosquito population was determined in all blocks of the 17th College, UPM. The I.M.O.S. was installed above the entrance door of the hall and two rooms and was set to automatically spray at 6.30 am and 4.00 pm every day. No intervention was used in the control house. Adult efficacy study was conducted by placing 20 Aedes mosquitoes in each cage and was hung at a distance of 10 feet from the I.M.O.S. The mortality caused by I.M.O.S throughout the exposed two hours and after 24 hours of exposure was recorded. The number mosquito eggs population were calculated throughout the installation of I.M.O.S. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA and paired T-test, respectively. The mean number of Aedes mosquito eggs and ovitraps index showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between control and treatment blocks. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the percentage of knockdown of adult Aedes mosquitoes (10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after exposure) and the mortality of adult Aedes mosquitoes after 24 hours exposure. Nano and slow-release technology of the I.M.O.S with Xmos mini aerosol proved that this type of intervention can kill adult Aedes mosquitoes. Thus, it is a potential intervention for vector control and management.

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Abstract P42: Active Compression Decompression-CPR in an Infant Manikin Model Using a Novel Adhesive Glove Device

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_1454-b ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Sharda Udassi ◽

Jai P Udassi ◽

Melissa Lamb ◽

Doug Theriaque ◽

Arno L Zaritsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Providers ◽

Crossover Design ◽

P Value ◽

Compression Pressure ◽

Compression Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Chest Decompression ◽

Acd Cpr ◽

Paired T Test

Introduction: In animals Active Compression-Decompression(ACD)-CPR improves hemodynamics compared with standard CPR (S-CPR). We evaluated the feasibility of achieving ACD-CPR with a novel, simple and inexpensive Adhesive Glove Device (AGD) in an infant manikin model using two thumb (TT) chest compression. Hypothesis: AGD-ACD CPR provides better chest decompression compared to S-CPR in an infant manikin model without excessive rescuer fatigue. Methods: Laerdal ™ Baby ALS Trainer manikin was modified to digitally record compression pressure (CP), compression depth (CD) and decompression depth (DD). The thumb portion of two oven mitts were sewn together and a Velcro adhesive patch was stitched on the underside with an encircling adjustable strap for proper fit to create the AGD. An interlocking Velcro patch was glued to the manikin chest wall. Sixteen BLS or PALS certified healthcare providers were prospectively randomized to perform either two-thumb S-CPR or AGD-ACD-CPR for 5 minutes with a 30:2 compression:ventilation ratio using a crossover design. During AGD-ACD-CPR subjects were asked to pull up during chest decompression. Rescuer heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), recovery time (RT) for HR/RR to return to baseline and actual compressions delivered per minute were recorded. Subjects were blinded to data recordings. Data (mean±SEM) was analyzed using 2 sided paired t-test; p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Chest decompression was greater with AGD-ACD-CPR; the mean DD difference was 0.11±0.02 inches, p=<0.001. Compressions given per minute were 102±21 in S-CPR group vs. 96±16 in AGD-ACD-CPR group, p=0.04. In AGD-CPR 75% and in S-CPR only 12% of subjects achieved complete recoil to or beyond baseline. There was no significant difference in CD, CP, HR, RR and RT between the groups. Conclusions: Active decompression and improved recoil was achievable with the use of our simple, inexpensive AGD in this infant CPR model. Use of our device did not result in excessive rescuer fatigue compared to S-CPR. The clinical significance of 6 less compressions/minute in the AGD-CPR group needs to be determined.

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A comparison between orthodontic model analysis using conventional methods and iModelAnalysis

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i4.p173-178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Vita Previa Indirayana ◽

Gita Gayatri ◽

N. R. Yuliawati Zenab

Keyword(s):

Sampling Method ◽

Model Analysis ◽

T Test ◽

Normality Test ◽

Time Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Conventional Methods ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Dental Casts

Background: Model analysis constitutes an essential aspect of orthodontic diagnostic practice. Pavan has developed an application to simplify the mathematical calculations employed in orthodontic model analysis. Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain the differences in results and time periods of model analysis using conventional means and iModelAnalysis. Methods: The research represented a comparative analytic study. The populations comprised dental casts dating from 2014 in the Orthodontics Laboratory of Padjadjaran University. The samples comprised 31 dental casts which were subjected to a total sampling method consisting of two treatments; a conventional method calculation and one using iModelAnalysis. A normality test was conducted and processed using a paired t-test with α=0.05. Results: The means of arch length discrepancies were 1.64±2.63 mm and 1.37±3.07 mm for the conventional methods and 1.65±2.43mm and 1.42±3.04mm for iModelAnalysis. The results of a Bolton analysis for conventional methods were 78.05±2.69% and 91.93±1.29%, while those for iModelAnalysis were 77.91±2.70% and 91.96±2.13%. A Howes analysis of conventional methods produced a result of 45.56±2.83%, while for an iModelAnalysis one of 45.56±2.85%. Pont analysis for conventional methods was 39.35±0.04 mm and 49.17±2.55 mm, while for iModelAnalysis it was 39.35±0.07 mm and 49.19±2.57mm. The mean of the duration of analysis using conventional methods was 1703.81±56.46 seconds, while for iModelAnalysis it was 990.06±34.87 seconds. A normality test confirmed that the data was normally distributed (p>0.05). The results of a paired sample t-test with p>0.05 showed that there was no significant difference between the results of each analysis, while there was significant difference in the time period of analysis. Conclusion: There was no difference in the analysis results. However, there was difference in the time period of analysis between conventional methods and that of iModelAnalysis.

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In Vitro Comparison of Marginal and Internal Fit of Zirconia Copings Fabricated by One CAD/CAM System with Two Different Scanners

Frontiers in Dentistry ◽

10.18502/fid.v18i2.5432 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Khamverdi1 ◽

Elmira Najafrad ◽

Maryam Farhadian

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Marginal Fit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Cam ◽

Zirconia Crowns ◽

Monolithic Zirconia ◽

The Mean ◽

Internal Fit ◽

Paired T Test

Objectives: Marginal and internal fit of restorations are two important clinical factors for assessing the quality and durability of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated monolithic zirconia restorations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM zirconia crowns with two different scanners (i3D scanner and 3Shape D700). Materials and Methods: Twelve extracted sound human posterior teeth were prepared for full zirconia crowns. Two different extraoral scanners namely i3D scanner and 3Shape D700 were used to digitize type IV gypsum casts poured from impressions. The crowns were milled from presintered monolithic zirconia blocks by a 5-axis milling machine. The replica technique and MIP4 microscopic image analysis software were utilized to measure the marginal and internal fit by a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification. The collected data were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: The mean marginal gap was 203.62 μm with 3Shape D700 scanner and 241.07 μm with i3D scanner. The mean internal gap was 192.30 μm with 3Shape D700 scanner and 196.06 μm with i3D scanner. The results of paired t-test indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the two scanners in marginal fit (P=0.04); while, there was no statistically significant difference in internal fit (P=0.761). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that type of extraoral scanner affected the marginal fit of CAD/CAM fabricated crowns; however, it did not have a significant effect on their internal fit.

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Perbandingan Efektivitas Penyuluhan Demam Berdarah Dengue dengan Metode Role Play dan Metode Permainan Simulasi terhadap Perilaku Ibu tentang DBD di Kecamatan Medan Deli

Nommensen Journal of Medicine ◽

10.36655/njm.v7i1.470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

Novita Hasiani Simanjuntak

Keyword(s):

Vector Control ◽

Test Score ◽

Role Play ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

T Test ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Paired T Test

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia is a “re-emerging infectious disease”. DHF can be prevented by vector control. Human behavior is very influential on dengue vector control, namely the cleanliness of the house and activities. In 2017, DHF cases in Indonesia were 59,047 cases. In North Sumatra Province, there were 5,327 cases, in Medan City as many as 1216 cases, with Medan Deli District as the sub-district with the most cases, with 100 cases. Objective: This study aims to see the improvement of mother's behavior by using the roleplay method and simulation games. Methods: The research is a quasi-experimental non-equivalent group design. The target population is mothers who live in Medan Deli District. The selection of research subjects by purposive sampling, with the number of subjects in each group is 15 people. This study uses the method of role play and games as a comparison method, with a questionnaire as a measuring tool. Paired t-test to see the increase in the mean of each group, and unpaired t-test to see the difference in the mean value. Results: The results of the paired t-test data analysis found that these two methods showed significant results, with p values of 0.000 and 0.001 with a mean increase in the role play method of 1.40 and the game method of 1.53. The unpaired t-test was found to have a significant difference between the average post-test scores between the role play method and the game method, the mean post-test score for the role-play method was found to be lower than the post-test score for the game method. Conclusions: Counseling using the role play method and games provides significant results in increasing maternal behavior about DHF. The game method shows a greater average increase than the role play method.

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A novel method using 3D CBCT to assess anterior malar prominence among native Bangalore population- A descriptive study

IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research ◽

10.18231/j.ijodr.2021.036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 223-228

Author(s):

Sanda Aamani ◽

Hemanth M ◽

Sharmada B K ◽

Karthik J Kabbur ◽

Goutham Kalladka

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Study ◽

T Test ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Face ◽

Novel Method ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean ◽

Paired T Test

There is a lack of accurate three-dimensional studies to locate malar prominence for specified population, this study aims to locate the malar prominence using stable landmarks using CBCT. To derive a novel method to accurately locate the malar prominence and to assess and compare the malar prominence between males and females among Bangalore population using 3D CBCT study. All CBCT scans of study subjects belong to Bangalore population were collected from the pre-existing data available in Radiology imaging Solutions (CBCT centre), Bangalore during the period of September 10th to October 10th 2020. This is a descriptive study. A total of 42 subjects including 21 Males and 21 females were assessed using full skull CBCT scans which were converted to DICOM format and reconstructed into 3D images using NEMOCEPH 3D software. Landmarks used to locate the malar prominence were Fzs, Z, Zm and Ans. The intersection of these landmarks is considered to be as constructed maxillozygion(My). For the accuracy of the constructed Maxillozygion point (My), the distance between the actual Maxillozygion (Mzy) and constructed Maxillozygion (My) is measured and calculated between left and right halves of males and females. Three Orthogonal planes constructed were Midsagittal, Axial and Coronal Planes and the linear measurements with reference to all three reference planes in both the groups are measured. Student paired t- Test, Independent Student t Test, Mann Whitney Test. The mean distance from Mzy and my between right and left half of the face was compared using student paired t- Test. There is no significant difference (p=0.35).The mean values of the constructed anatomical landmark (maxillozygion) coordinated to three orthogonal planes between right and left sides of the face is compared using student paired T test and for both the genders (males and females) was compared using Independent Student t Test, and it is significantly higher in males as compared to females and it is statistically significant at (p=0.01). The location of malar prominence using CBCT by a novel method for Bangalore population is found which can be helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning for malar augmentation, camouflage treatment in subjects with midface deficiencies.

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Comparisons of Proximal Vergence Measures

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2020.6.3.p252 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 252-263

Keyword(s):

Eye Movement ◽

Refractive Error ◽

Measurement Method ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

T Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Paired T Test ◽

Vergence Eye Movement

Background: Proximal vergence is defined as a vergence eye movement subtype driven by an “awareness of nearness”. The purpose of this experiment was to compare values of proximal vergence calculated with and without measures of accommodation to assess the clinical utility of each measurement method. Methods: Thirteen participants between the ages of 22 and 37 (mean = 28.5 ± 4.5 years) were enrolled. The distance and near heterophoria were measured using the Modified Thorington technique. The near heterophoria was measured under three randomized viewing conditions (no lenses, +1.00D lenses, +2.50D lenses). Refractive error was measured with an autorefractor. Proximal vergence was calculated as the difference in calculated (far-near) and gradient (+1.00) stimulus AC/A ratios (stimulus AC/A differencing method), the difference in calculated and gradient response AC/A ratios (response AC/A differencing method), and the change in vergence from distance to near with the +2.50D lenses (uncorrected +2.50D method). This latter value was also corrected for any active accommodation with +2.50D lenses (corrected +2.50D method). Results: The mean proximal vergence values (Δ) were 7.82 ± 5.98 (stimulus AC/A differencing method), 8.29 ± 3.30 (response AC/A differencing method), 6.23 ± 3.52 (uncorrected +2.50D method), and 5.13 ± 2.98 (corrected +2.50D method). The only comparison that showed both a significant correlation (p<0.05) and a non-significant difference from the paired t-test (p>0.05) was that between the stimulus AC/A differencing method and the uncorrected +2.50D method. Conclusions: When response accommodation was accounted for, differences occurred in the mean proximal values obtained with the various methods. The means of the methods most likely to be used clinically (stimulus AC/A differencing method and uncorrected +2.50D method) were similar, although some individuals demonstrated significant differences between these methods.

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Comparing the corneal curvatures obtained from three different keratometers-IOL Master, Bausch & Lomb Manual keratometer and TOPCON KR 8800 autokeratometer

International Eye Research ◽

10.18240/ier.2020.01.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Arpitha Pereira ◽

Keyword(s):

Surgical Planning ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Corneal Curvature ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Main Outcome Measure ◽

Corneal Power ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Paired T Test

AIM: To compare the corneal curvature and to investigate the agreement between three different keratometers. METHODS: In this prospective study, keratometry was performed using an IOL Master, a Bausch & Lomb manual keratometer and TOPCON KR-8800 autokeratometer on 252 eyes of patients recruited from camps for cataract surgery. The average keratometry values were recorded and compared. The agreements between the instruments were analyzed using the Bland Altman statistical method. The main outcome measure was average keratometry values.RESULTS: The mean corneal power was 44.62±1.52 D with the IOL Master, 44.60±1.52 D with the manual keratometer, and 44.46±1.53 D with the autokeratometer. The paired t test demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the mean corneal power between the IOL Master and manual keratometer (P=0.001), IOL Master and autokeratometer (P<0.0001), autokeratometer and manual keratometer (P<0.0001). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of the IOL Master and manual keratometer were -0.22 to 0.26; IOL Master and autokeratometer were -0.24 to 0.55; autokeratometer and manual keratometer were -0.30 to 0.57 as shown in the Bland-Altman plot. CONCLUSION: Keratometry data obtained with different instruments may not be interchangeable, a fact that has important implications for cataract surgeons with respect to both surgical planning and outcomes auditing.

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Evaluating the effectiveness of vinegar as a sanitizer

BCIT Environmental Public Health Journal ◽

10.47339/ephj.2016.103 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Geeti Bhatti ◽

BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽

Helen Heacock

Keyword(s):

Contact Surface ◽

Human Exposure ◽

Fecal Contamination ◽

Surrounding Environment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Food Contact Surface ◽

Health Canada ◽

Paired T Test

Objectives: Pathogens are introduced into foods, surfaces, and hands by our surrounding environment which includes soil, air, and fecal contamination. It can be due to improper handling, cleaning, washing or sanitizing. Sanitizers are applied to surfaces in order to kill all the vegetative cells of microbes. Health Canada regulates the types, uses and concentration of the sanitizers. These sanitizers are chemically formulated to kill microbes and hence there is a rising concern about toxicity associated with their use. People are moving away from regulated sanitizers to natural alternatives. This research project examined the efficacy of vinegar, one of the natural alternatives, as a sanitizer. Methods: 3M Quick Swabs were used to collect coliform samples from a plastic cutting board before and after inoculating it with coliform culture and subsequently cleaning it with vinegar. A one tail paired t-test was conducted to assess whether the coliform counts were reduced after cleaning with vinegar. Results: For all 30 samples there was a reduction in the number of coliforms when comparing before and after cleaning with vinegar. Results show that there is a significant difference in the mean numbers of coliforms before and after cleaning with vinegar; p <0.0001. Conclusion: These results indicate that undiluted vinegar when used for cleaning food contact surface significantly reduces the coliform counts but not to the safer levels for human exposure.

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COMBINATION OF HYPNOSIS THERAPY AND RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE ON UPPER-EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRAGHIC STROKE

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

Chandra Irawan ◽

Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽

Suharto Suharto ◽

Aris Santjaka

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Mean Value ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Paired T Test

Background: Range of Motion (ROM) exercise has been identified in the literature that it has an effect in improving muscle strength, especially in patients with stroke. However, little is known about the effect of ROM exercise combined with hypnosis therapy.Objective: To determine the effect of combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise on upper extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic.Methods: This study employed a quasy experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty-two samples were selected using simple random sampling, which 16 randomly assigned in the experiment and control group. Muscle strength was measured using Muscle Strength Scale. Hypnosis Deepening test was used to measure the level of hypnosis depth. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results: The mean value of muscle strength in the experiment group was 3.50 and the mean value in the control group was 2.62. Independent sample t-test obtained p-value = 0.012, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of muscle strength of upper extremity in the experiment and control group. Paired t-test obtained p-value = 0.000, which indicated that there was significant difference between the average of muscle strength value before and after treatmentConclusion: The combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise has a significant effect in increasing muscle strength of upper extremity in patients with stroke non-haemorrhagic.

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PENGARUH LATIHAN FISIK AEROBIK TERHADAP KOLESTEROL HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) PRIA DENGAN BERAT BADAN LEBIH (OVERWEIGHT)

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4360 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gloria Hengkengbala ◽

H. Polii ◽

H. I. S. Wungouw

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Male Student ◽

T Test ◽

High Density ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Paired T Test

Abstract: Several studies have suggested that aerobic exercise can affect the metabolism of cholesterol in the blood, one of which cholesterol High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), otherwise known as “good cholesterol”, but it has not been mentioned in detail what kind of exercise and how much exercise intensity long and also how many levels of HDL can be improved with practice. Aerobic physical exercise using a stasionary bicycle made for one’s physicalfitness test. This study aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on HDL overweight male student of the Unsrat Medical Faculty. This research is analytic experimental design field with one group pre-post test. The study subject were 28 students medical Unsrat 2009 (18-25 years) with IMT > 23 who fulfil the inclusion criteria. Subjects were given aerobic physical exercise in the fitness center Manado for 3 weeks with a frequency of three times a week, with duration of 30 minutes of exercise, then it is conducted normality test of data distribution, and data analysis followed by paired t test for normally distributed data obtained. The result showed an increase in the mean levels of HDL subjects 44.85±7.98 mg/dL to 46.89±8.96 mg/dL (p=0.104) but trough paired t test, Ido not get meaningful results after doing aerobic exercise (p>0.005). Aerobic Phycical Exercise on a regular basis using a stationary bike on the overweight men student can increase the mean HDL cholesterol levels but no significant difference from the mean value.Keywords: Aerobic Physical Exercise, HDL, Overweight. Abstrak: Beberapa penelitian telah menyebutkan bahwa latihan fisik aerobik dapat mempengaruhi metabolisme kolesterol dalam darah salah satunya kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) atau dikenal sebagai “kolesterol baik”, namun belum disebutkan secara terperinci jenis latihan fisik seperti apa dan dengan intensitas latihan berapa lama dan juga berapa banyak kadar HDL yang dapat ditingkatkan dengan latihan. Latihan fisik aerobik dengan menggunakan sepeda statis yang dilakukan untuk tes kebugaran fisik seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik aerobic terhadap kadar HDL mahasiswa pria Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat dengan berat badan lebih. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental lapangan dengan rancangan pre-post one group test. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 28 mahasiswa Kedokteran UNSRAT Angkatan 2009 (18-25 tahun) dengan IMT ≥ 23 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subyek diberikan latihan fisik aerobic di pusat Kebugaran Manado selama 3 minggu dengan frekuensi 3 kali seminggu, dengan lamanya latihan 30 menit, selanjutnya dilakukan uji normalitas distribusi data, kemudian dilanjutkan analisis data dengan uji t berpasangan karena data yang didapat berdistribusi normal. Hasil penelitian didapatkan terjadi peningkatan nilai rerata kadar HDL subyek 44,85 ± 7.98 mg/dL menjadi 46.89 ±8.96 mg/dL (p= 0.104) namun melalui uji t berpasangan mendapatkan hasil yang tidak bermakna sesudah melakukan latihan fisik aerobik (p >0.005). Simpulan: Latihan fisik aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis secara teratur pada mahasiswa pria dengan berat badan lebih dapat meningkatkan nilai rerata kadar HDL tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dari nilai rerata tersebut.Kata Kunci: latihan Fisik Aerobik, HDL, overweight.

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