Formulation and evaluation of eco-friendly handmade herbal mosquito repellent cone

A mosquito belongs to the insect-family Culicidae, order Diptera, suborder Nematocera and class Insecta. Mosquito act as vector which carries many disease causing parasites and viruses. Preventing mosquito spread is immensely necessary to stop spread of various contagious diseases. Now days, uses of plant based mosquito repellent have increased as synthetic repellents contains many noxious chemicals which can cause possible toxicity like skin toxicity and causes swelling, redness, itching and many health problems. The herbal mosquito repellent cones were prepared by using saw dust, cow dung, gum acacia, neem powder, eucalyptus powder and lemon grass powder. Lemon grass has insecticidal property. Saw dust increases the combustion. Gum acacia act as binder. Cow dung shows antioxidant and mosquito repellent property. Neem has mosquito repellent property. Herbal mosquito repellent cone were prepared by hand rolling method. The evaluation parameters of herbal mosquito repellent cone contain burning time (min), smoke visibility, odor, irritation test, ash weight (g.) and mosquito repellent activity. The formulation LNC containing lemon grass powder along with neem powder and cow dung in equal ratio shows best activity and maximum effectiveness in reducing mosquito number in comparison with all other formulations. In present study, the powders used in formulation were herbal based and eco-friendly and producing no side-effect on use. Here an attempt has been made to find out the novel formulation of different herbal plant powders containing alone and with combination for mosquito repellent cone.

Download Full-text

Development of Cow Dung Based Herbal Mosquito Repellent

Journal of Krishi Vigyan ◽

10.5958/2349-4433.2017.00048.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Kranti Sharma ◽

Sharad Mishra ◽

Ashutosh Dubey

Keyword(s):

Cow Dung ◽

Mosquito Repellent

Download Full-text

MICROENCAPSULATED LEMONGRASS OIL FOR MOSQUITO REPELLENT FINISHING OF KNITTED COTTON WEAR

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.18077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 303

Author(s):

Vinayagamoorthy P ◽

Senthilkumar B ◽

Patchiyappan Km ◽

Kavitha R

Keyword(s):

Hot Water ◽

Wall Material ◽

Mosquito Repellent ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Gum Acacia ◽

Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽

Lemongrass Oil ◽

Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Microscopy Analysis ◽

Wash Durability

Objective: This study was conducted to design the textile structure with mosquito repellent behavior using microencapsulated lemongrass extract.Methods: Lemongrass oil extracted from Cymbopogon citratus by a hydro distillation process, which was used as core and gum acacia was used as wall material. About 10% W/V gum acacia was allowed to swell with hot water and stirred well with a temperature of 50°C. Further to this mixture 10 ml of lemongrass extract was mixed and stirred around 400 rpm for 15 minutes. Subsequent with this process, 20% V/V sodium sulfate was added then the stirrer speed was reduced 80 rpm, and then 5 ml of 17% formaldehyde was added along with this mixture. Finally, the microcapsules were obtained. Then, this lemongrass extract capsule mixture was coated on the fabric through pad dry cure method.Results: Mosquito repellent study was carried out through the excito chamber method and assessed the mosquito repellency percentage. The maximum mosquito repellency percentage was obtained around 90%. Wash durability, abrasion resistance, air permeability, and bursting strength of the coated textiles were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and gas chromatography analysis were also performed for the samples.Conclusion: It was proved that lemongrass microencapsulated textiles provide good resistance against mosquito bites and also concluded that this process is one of eco-friendly

Download Full-text

Influence of Initial Aerobic Decomposition on Vermicomposting of Paper Mill Wastes Amended with Saw Dust and Cow Dung

International Journal of Waste Resources ◽

10.4172/2252-5211.1000325 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Devjani Mohapatra ◽

Sahoo KK ◽

AK Sannigrahi

Keyword(s):

Paper Mill ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Saw Dust ◽

Aerobic Decomposition

Download Full-text

Development and Study of Plant Based Mosquito Repellent Cakes in Combination with Natural Binders

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2021/v40i1831446 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-93

Author(s):

Satish D. Patil ◽

Smita T. Morbale

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Human Life ◽

New Combination ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Mosquito Repellent ◽

Calendula Officinalis ◽

Method Evaluation ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

Origanum Vulgare

Background and Objective: Plants are perceived as a safe and trusted means of mosquito bite prevention. Many plant extracts and oils repel mosquitoes, with their effect lasting from several minutes to several hours. The present investigation is aimed to evaluate the mosquito repellent activity of Calendula officinalis (Marigold leaves), Citrus madurensis (Calamondin leaves), Carica papaya (Papaya leaves), Origanum vulgare (Oregano leaves), in combination with natural binders. Materials and Methods: In present work we have produced an effective and purely natural mosquito repellent cakes using marigold leaves, calamondin leaves, papaya leaves, oregano leaves, and to determine if the component present on them are suitable as mosquito repellent. To recognize this new combination and in addition use of natural binder in making these mosquito cakes is innovation of method. Evaluation was carried out in a net cage (45 cm×30 cm×25 cm) containing 100 blood starved mosquitoes. Results: Study provides an herbal repellent with long lasting protection, safe for human life, and human with no side effect. The combination Paste of leaves + charcoal + 20% cow dung was found to be more repellency against mosquitoes under study. Conclusion: Discovery of natural products, with potent phyto-constituents that have insecticidal properties, may help overcome problems of chemical insecticide resistance. Nature is the best combinatorial chemist to offer numerous natural products compounds from medicinal plants which can be effective as medicines, antibacterial, antifungal, insect repellent, cosmetics etc.

Download Full-text

STUDIES ON MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTIVITY OF CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS (LEMON GRASS) USING HUMAN VOLUNTEERS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2391 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Iniodu George ◽

Hannah Edim ◽

Emmanuel Edet

Keyword(s):

Human Subjects ◽

The Body ◽

Active Movement ◽

Mosquito Repellent ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Lemon Grass ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

In Captivity ◽

Soxhlet Method ◽

Qualitative Analyses

Background: Safety concerns over the use of chemical-based pesticides are provoking intense studies and application of bio-pesticides in disease control and agriculture. Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogoncitratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Method: Cymbopogon oil (75ml) was extracted from 200g of fresh Lemongrass leaves using Soxhlet method with n-Hexane as solvent. Human volunteers were topically treated with 2ml and 6ml of Cymbopogon oil applied on exposed areas of the body at night; and observed for 4hrs 30mins. Direct test on mosquitoes in captivity was conducted using a 2-chambered insect box treated with 4 ml of oil in one chamber. Results: Human subjects were free from mosquito bites for 3 hours. Mosquitoes in captivity exhibited active movement away from oil-treated chamber of the box within the first minute of application; 43% repellency and 100% mortality were recorded after 18 minutes. Conclusion: Findings suggest that Cymbopogoncitratus extracts could be used for the production of potent chemical-free and safe mosquito repellent and insecticide for vector control in the fight against malaria and other mosquito-vectored diseases. However further studies and qualitative analyses are necessary to determine suitable concentrations for human topical application.

Download Full-text

REMEDIATION ABILITY OF MELON GRASS IN A CRUDE OIL POLLUTED SOIL IN A TROPICAL REGION

International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research ◽

10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i6.2020.527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 89-101

Author(s):

Uwazie M.C. ◽

Obijiaku J.C. ◽

Onukwuli O.D. ◽

Babayemi A.K ◽

Umeuzuegbu J.C

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Polluted Soil ◽

Favourable Result ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Lemon Grass ◽

Estimation Of Time ◽

Remediation Of Soil ◽

Do So

The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of a chosen grass (plant) in the remediation of soil contaminated by crude oil. Lemon grass was used in this study to remediate the polluted soil because of its perceived ability to do so. Five wooden boxes were fabricated, and 150kg of soil were introduced to each of them. Four of the boxes were contaminated with different concentrations of crude oil, while two out of these four boxes were amended with cow dung. One of the boxes that served as control was neither contaminated nor amended. Lemon seeds were then planted in all the boxes and allowed to grow for the period of 12 weeks. Analysis were done at the beginning, during and after the plant growth in order to determine the rate of remediation, with particular interest in the TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon), and few other heavy metals; copper, magnesium, aluminum. Two concentrations of contamination were artificially made (75g and 150g). The TPH, Pb, Zn and Ni contents of the 75g crude oil contaminated soil were 6.784µg/g, 0.485mg/kg, 0.867mg/kg and 0.030mg/kg respectively. It reduced to 6.356µg/g, 0.058mg/kg, 0.560mg/kg and 0.043mg/kg respectively after remediation. The TPHPb, Zn and Nicontents of the 150g crude oil contaminated soil were 9.109µg/g, 0.699mg/kg, 0.851mg/kg and 0.032mg/kg respectively. It reduced 7.713µg/g, 0.059mg/kg, 0.506mg/kg and 0.057mg/kg respectively after remediation. An interesting observation was that, amending the contaminated soil with cow dung gave a favourable result in remediating the contaminants. It took about 80months to remediate TPH to an acceptable level of 0.013µg/g, but over 150months to do the same for an unamended soil. This finding can be applicable in the estimation of time requirement for the remediation of crude oil polluted soil by concerned stake holders.

Download Full-text

Production of Biogas from Co-Digestion of Cow Dung, Saw Dust and Maize Husk

Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science ◽

10.4236/aces.2018.83008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 113-123

Author(s):

Akindele Oyetunde Okewale ◽

Felix Omoruwou ◽

Christiana Edward Anih

Keyword(s):

Cow Dung ◽

Saw Dust

Download Full-text

Preliminary Study of the Mosquito Repellent and Adulticidal Effects of Volatile Oils of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon winterianus) in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria

International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention ◽

10.18535/ijmsci/v7i01.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

pp. 4726-4734

Author(s):

Emmanuel Nwanya ◽

Evangeline Tochi Oparaocha ◽

Ikenna Emmanuel Okoroafor ◽

Christopher Sule Oyamienlen

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Body Parts ◽

Mosquito Repellent ◽

Complete Protection ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Protection Time ◽

Lemon Grass ◽

Biting Rate ◽

Close Range

Lemon grass (Cymbopogon winteriatus) has been widely acclaimed to possess therapeutic, cosmetic and insecticidal activities. This study was conducted using a field controlled trial by human volunteers to confirm the effectiveness and applicability of locally-produced Lemon grass oil as a mosquito repellent and adulticidal agent for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases in Nigeria. Volatile oil was extracted using petroleum ether as solvent while olive oil was used as oil base. The study was conducted between September and October 2017 and made use of 12 volunteers across three locations. The lotions were applied on exposed body parts of the volunteers and they worked three shifts daily. The biting rate, percentage repellence complete protection time and whole night protection were measured and recorded. Topical application of each lotion reduced the biting rate of mosquitoes across the three locations, with the 60% (v/v) exhibiting higher impact of 341 vs 32; 438 vs 44 and 388 vs 33. The 60% (v/v) formulation also had the highest percentage repellence of 91.92% at Location I, offered a whole night protection against mosquito in location I and O and offered a Complete Protection Time (CPT) of 21.6, 18.93 and 20.8 respectively across all three locations. There was a significant statistical association r=0.95 (p<0.05) between concentrations of the Lemon grass oil formulations and mean duration protection time against mosquitoes. All formulation exhibited adulticidal activities, with the 60% (v/v) formulation having higher impact, causing fast immobilization or paralyzing effect on some mosquitoes that were at close range to treated volunteer’s body. The study concludes that volatile oils of Lemon grass possess mosquito (A. gambiae and An. funestus) repellent and adulticidal effects, especially at higher concentrations and can be used to reduce human-mosquito contacts and hence mosquito-borne diseases and irritation caused by their bites.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Plant Powders, Cow Dung Ash and Malathion Dust against Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) On Chickpea in Jole Andegna: Southern Ethiopia

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v3i2.7775 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kebebush Tesema ◽

Henok Kurabachew ◽

Teferra F. Tadesse

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽

Plant Powders ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Synthetic Pesticides

Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the major insect pest of chickpea and other stored legume which is known to cause significant yield loss both quantitatively and qualitatively. This investigation was done to study the efficacy of leaf powders of basil (Ocimu basilica L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica), cow dung ash and Malathion dust against bruchid on two chickpea varieties namely Desi (local) and Habru (improved Kabuli). Levels of infestation, weight loss, germination capacity (delete) and germination of the seeds were evaluated monthly up to six months. In the bruchid infested treatment (control), hundred seeds weight, seed germination decreased through time while levels of infestation and weight loss increased. All the tested locally available treatments (cow dung ash, leaf powder of neem and leaf powder of basil) were found to be effective in reducing the damage inflicted by bruchid compared to the control. Malathion dust was observed to be the most effective of all treatment in this study. However, looking in to the side effects of synthetic pesticides, we suggest that the locally available plant powders and cow dung ash which is cheap, ecologically friendly and non-hazardous to human health can play an important role in protection of chickpea during storage against invasion by bruchid.

Download Full-text