scholarly journals Development and Study of Plant Based Mosquito Repellent Cakes in Combination with Natural Binders

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Satish D. Patil ◽  
Smita T. Morbale
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Human Life ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Method Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Origanum Vulgare

Background and Objective: Plants are perceived as a safe and trusted means of mosquito bite prevention. Many plant extracts and oils repel mosquitoes, with their effect lasting from several minutes to several hours. The present investigation is aimed to evaluate the mosquito repellent activity of Calendula officinalis (Marigold leaves), Citrus madurensis (Calamondin leaves), Carica papaya (Papaya leaves), Origanum vulgare (Oregano leaves), in combination with natural binders. Materials and Methods: In present work we have produced an effective and purely natural mosquito repellent cakes using marigold leaves, calamondin leaves, papaya leaves, oregano leaves, and to determine if the component present on them are suitable as mosquito  repellent. To recognize this new combination and in addition use of natural binder in making these mosquito cakes is innovation of method. Evaluation was carried out in a net cage (45 cm×30 cm×25 cm) containing 100 blood starved mosquitoes. Results: Study provides an herbal repellent with long lasting protection, safe for human life, and human with no side effect. The combination Paste of leaves + charcoal + 20% cow dung was found to be more repellency against mosquitoes under study. Conclusion: Discovery of natural products, with potent phyto-constituents that have insecticidal properties, may help overcome problems of chemical insecticide resistance. Nature is the best combinatorial chemist to offer numerous natural products compounds from medicinal plants which can be effective as medicines, antibacterial, antifungal, insect repellent, cosmetics etc.

Recent Progress Towards Synthesis of the Indolizidine Alkaloid 195B

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer ◽  
Zohreh kheilkordi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Perspective ◽  
Highly Active

Background: Natural products have been received attention due to their importance in human life as those are biologically active. In this review, there are some reports through different methods related to the synthesis of the indolizidine 195B which was extracted from poisonous frog; however, due to respect nature, the synthesis of natural compounds such as indolizidine has been attracted much attention among scientists and researchers. Objective: This review discloses the procedures and methods to provide indolizidine 195B from 1989 to 2018 due to their importance as a natural product. Conclusion: There are several methods to give rise to the indolizidine 195B as a natural product that is highly active from the biological perspective in pharmaceutical chemistry. In summary, many protocols for the preparations of indolizidine 195B from various substrates, several reagents, and conditions have been reported from different aromatic and aliphatic.

A preliminary treatment of the genus Podosordaria

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Krug ◽  
R. F. Cain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Internal Tissue ◽  
Generic Description

Podosordaria Ellis et Holw. is used for those members of the Xylariaceae possessing stalkedor sessile stromata in the form of mammillate heads with erumpent ascocarps, containing whitish internal tissue, and covered with a brown to black or violaceous ectostroma; cylindrical to pyriform asci in which the ascospores may be biseriately arranged posteriorly; and one-celled, dark brown spores possessing elongated germ slits. The classical separation between Poronia Willd. ex Fr. and Podosordaria is maintained. An emended generic description and key are provided. Four new species and one new combination are described and illustrated—P. crinita on cow dung from the United States; P. ianthina on burro and goat dung from Mexico; P. phoenicea on zebra dung from Kenya; P. vinacea on burro dung from Mexico; and P. violacea (Sordaria violacea Ell. et Ev.) on cow, sheep, horse, and rabbit dung from Canada and the United States. One additional new combination, P. hircina (Poronia hircine Tai et Wei), is proposed. Brief comparative descriptions are included for those species not treated in detail. Short descriptive notes are provided for several taxa considered as doubtful representatives.

The Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals: The Effective Application of Secondary Boronic Esters in Enantioselective Suzuki ‐ Miyaura Cross ‐ Coupling Reactions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Moir
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cross Coupling Reaction ◽  
Boronic Esters ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bonds ◽  
Effective Drugs

Pharmaceuticals and drugs have become an indispensable part of human life. Presently, a myriad of different drugs are available for a variety of mental and physical health concersn. The synthesis of these drugs, however, remains an elusive and often difficult aspect of the industry. The importance of chirality, or "handedness", in the synthesis of natural products is paramount, as any given pair of enantiomers can have widely differing physiological effects. As such, the ability to control the enantioselectivity of a reaction is of the utmost importance. One example of a facile method used to form carbon-carbon bonds is the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Not only is this reaction effective at coupling primary organoboronic esters with organohalides, but recent work in the Crudden group in the Department of Chemistry has revealed an effective method of also cross-couplingchiral secondary organoboronic esters with good retention of stereochemistry. This work, the first of its kind, is crucial in developing single-handed natural products for a wide array of applications, including applications in the pharmaceutical industry. The end result is safer and more effective drugs for distribution to the general public. To expand the scope of this project, new substrates are currently being synthesized for cross-coupling applications. The overall goal is to improve upon current methodologies, while helping to meet the industrial and academic needs of the future.  

scholarly journals Microbial Natural Products in Drug Discovery

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Abdel-Razek ◽  
Mehrez E. El-Naggar ◽  
Ahmed Allam ◽  
Osama M. Morsy ◽  
Sarah I. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiac Disorders ◽  
Microbial Natural Products

Over a long period of time, humans have explored many natural resources looking for remedies of various ailments. Traditional medicines have played an intrinsic role in human life for thousands of years, with people depending on medicinal plants and their products as dietary supplements as well as using them therapeutically for treatment of chronic disorders, such as cancer, malaria, diabetes, arthritis, inflammation, and liver and cardiac disorders. However, plant resources are not sufficient for treatment of recently emerging diseases. In addition, the seasonal availability and other political factors put constrains on some rare plant species. The actual breakthrough in drug discovery came concurrently with the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium notatum in 1929. This discovery dramatically changed the research of natural products and positioned microbial natural products as one of the most important clues in drug discovery due to availability, variability, great biodiversity, unique structures, and the bioactivities produced. The number of commercially available therapeutically active compounds from microbial sources to date exceeds those discovered from other sources. In this review, we introduce a short history of microbial drug discovery as well as certain features and recent research approaches, specifying the microbial origin, their featured molecules, and the diversity of the producing species. Moreover, we discuss some bioactivities as well as new approaches and trends in research in this field.

Development of Cow Dung Based Herbal Mosquito Repellent

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kranti Sharma ◽  
Sharad Mishra ◽  
Ashutosh Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Cow Dung ◽  
Mosquito Repellent

Exploring the Potential Bioactive Properties of Marine Natural Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-539
Author(s):  
Arasali S. Zarena
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Marine Natural Products ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Bioanalytical Techniques

Background: The marine world is highly diversified and is of great importance for its sustainable utilization as resources for human life. Although marine resource economy has its own share in the international market, there is only a handful of research occurring, the probability of not being completely explored. It has now become virtually possible to characterize the metabolites by bioanalytical techniques and molecular biology methodology. The marine biomes harbour largely diatoms, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria that are harnessed for their rich structurally diverse secondary metabolites. Recently, sponges and algae have gained commercial importance. Focuses are now shifting towards ascomycota, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria and other classes due to the advanced technology in extraction of the active components from these phyla and deeper exploration of the oceans. Method: A vast report on marine natural products have been regularly updated and published which clearly indicates the immense research undertaken in ocean flora and fauna. Herein we focus on providing information on the potential uses of marine natural products as bioactive agents in the last five years. The data were collected from research and review articles from peer-reviewed journals. Results: A total of 128 articles are citied in the present review covering broad spectrum of marine organism and their importance in the field of medical biology. Information on source organisms, collection sites, was assembled and a total of 120 biologically important compounds are described here. Conclusion: The present study provides information to bioprospecting efforts in the field of marine science. Herein, I have emphasized diverse biological activities isolated from marine microbes to invertebrate against many pathogenic microorganisms and cancer, thus making marine-derived natural products valuable commodities. Future prospects for the discovery of new marine products and process development could add to the economic importance.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN NATRIUM KLORIDA (NaCl) DAN WAKTU PERENDAMAN BUFFER FOSFAT TERHADAP PEROLEHAN CRUDE PAPAIN DARI DAUN PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA, L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Pinta Rizki Mala Hasibuan ◽  
Mitha Alviyulita ◽  
Farida Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
Papaya Latex ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Processed Products

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the fruits of commodities internationally, either in the form of fresh fruit or as processed products. The leaves are green still not fully utilized. Papaya leaves contains papain enzyme which is a protease enzyme that very helpful for  the industry. Papain is a protease enzyme contained in papaya latex, whether in fruit, stems and leaves, as an enzyme capable of solving the protein molecules, current papain into products that are beneficial to human life, either at home or industrial ladder. This study aims to determine the effect of the degree of saturation of sodium chloride  and phosphate buffer to yield soaking rough papaya protease. This study varying the time of immersion phosphate buffer and saturation levels of sodium chloride. Analysis of protease activity was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to measure the wavelength and absorbance values​​. The best research results obtained at 12 h immersion phosphate buffer with a concentration of sodium chloride 60% is 272.8222 unit / ml. In the analysis of the rendemen obtained by the best condition at the time of immersion phosphate buffer for 36 hours at a concentration of 90% is 43,5152%. In the analysis of moisture content obtained the best condition at the time of immersion of 36 hours at a concentration of 90% is 37.4266%.

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI PENGGUNAAN ALAT BRT DR SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR TERBARUKAN UNTUK RUMAH TANGGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmardani Rince Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
The People ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Fuel Subsidies ◽  
The Village

With human development and developing era with the passing of time and the development of  science human life and energy needs of developing any rise in world oil prices is very influential on the lives of the people of indonesia.The government immediately took steps to take fuel subsidies with the direct impact on the people of the village every day in need of energy for household needs. With this, there must be (renewable) alternative fuels for the solution with appropriate technology that is effective, efficient and environmentally friendly, namely by making a DR BRT tool to process cow manure into gas for daily needs for the community to cook, electricity in accordance with the situation and condition of the community that has the basic ingredients of cow dung waste, with community service using the DR BRT tool around the abang temple, sentonorejo jogotirto berbeman Yogyakarta can utilize cow manure to be processed into gas with appropriate tools. (keywords: appropriate technology, BRT DR, cow manure, environmentally friendly).

Lipid lowering natural products targeting hPCSK9 may prevent the severity of COVID-19 infection

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy Basak ◽  
Jaishree Vaijanathappa ◽  
Sarmistha Basak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Viral Fusion ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Syncytial Virus

: The deadly outbreak of COVID-19 disease caused by novel SARS CoV2 has created an unprecedented global health crisis affecting every sectors of human life and enormous damage to world’s economy. With >60.3 million infections and >1.42 million deaths worldwide as of November 27, 2020, there is no treatment for this disease neither is there any available vaccine as yet. Serious research efforts are ongoing on all fronts including treatment, prevention and diagnosis to combat the spread of this infection. A number of targets that include both viral and host proteins have been identified and became part of intense investigation. In this respect the viral surface spike (S) glycoprotein caught the attention most. It is cleaved by multiple host proteases to allow recognition by host receptor human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme2 (hACE2) leading to fusion and viral replication. Natural products, small compounds, antioxidants, peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, antibodies and other compounds are under investigation for development of antiviral agents against COVID-19. Recently cholesterol lowering phytocompounds Quercetin, Swertiamarin and Berberine which promote Human Low Density Lipoprotein (hLDLR) via inhibition of Human Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin9 (hPCSK9) have been shown to block viral infections caused by ebola, influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other RNA type viruses. Since SARS CoV2 is a RNA virus with similar genetic structure and infection machinery, it is hypothesised that these phytocompounds may also exhibit antiviral property against COVID-19. This concept is based on recently published studies as well as our herein presented in silico modeling and computational data. These results suggested strong interactions of hPCSK9 with above phytocompounds and most importantly with hACE2 following its complexation with receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS CoV2 S protein. These outcomes and a proposed schematic model showing association of hPCSK9 with SARS CoV2 infection is presented in this manuscript. It is suggested that hPCSK9 performs the role of a co-receptor in binding with hACE2:RBD complex and thereby facilitates viral fusion. As a consequence PCSK9 inhibitors may provide beneficial effect against COVID-19 infection by slowing down viral fusion through displacement of bound hPCSK9 from the above complex.

Leaf Decoction of Carica papaya Combined with Artesunate Prevents Recrudescence in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 934-940
Author(s):  
Anna Rosa Sannella ◽  
Anastasia Karioti ◽  
Stefania Orsini ◽  
Aldo Scalone ◽  
Luigi Gradoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMalaria treatment and control have become increasingly difficult because of the spread of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Thus, there is a continuous need to develop new combination therapies such as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to contrast the emergence of resistant Plasmodium strains. Despite ACT has been recommended by the World Health Organization since 2001, its overall deployment in poor endemic areas is very slow, principally due to its high cost. In the malaria endemic areas, plant remedies are still widely used mostly without assurance of their efficacy and/or safety. A variety of widespread herbal drugs or natural products were already reported for their possible plasmodicidal activities, but the studies concerning their activity in combination with artemisinins are very scarce. The antimalarial activity of papaya is mostly anecdotal, and the present study is aimed at investigating the antiplasmodial activity of a decoction obtained by traditional recipe from the mature leaves of Carica papaya. The decoction was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS (high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diodoarray detector and mass spectrometry) showing the presence of caffeoyl derivatives and di- and triglycosides of flavonols. The extract was found to be active against P. falciparum 3D7 strains with a synergism in the presence of artemisinin. In vivo activity against the murine malaria model of Plasmodium berghei was disclosed both for the dried extract alone (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/d) and for its combination with artesunate (250 mg/kg/d papaya plus 10 mg/kg/d artesunate). This combination displayed the greatest antimalarial activity in terms of reduction of parasitemia and prevention of recrudescence in animals recovered from the infection.

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