scholarly journals Uma Geografia da pesquisa sobre a mineração no Brasil no campo da análise geográfica (1987-2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-106
Author(s):  
Valdirene Santos Rocha Sousa ◽  
Guiomar Inez Germani ◽  
Lucas Zenha Antonino

A atividade econômica baseada no extrativismo mineral tem se expandido, sobretudo no Sul global. No Brasil, a mineração é uma atividade econômica secular e se processa a partir de diferentes formatos, do garimpo à extração mineral de porte industrial, apresentando complexidades e singularidades. O fenô­meno tem sido objeto de estudos científicos em diversos campos do conhecimento. Esta pesquisa obje­tivou identificar as abordagens teórico-metodológicas sobre a atividade extrativo-mineral no âmbito da Geografia brasileira para conhecer o estado da arte no campo da análise geográfica. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído de 356 trabalhos, entre teses e dissertações, produzidos nos últimos trinta e três anos e coletados a partir do Portal de Dados Abertos da Capes. Procedeu-se levantamento e sistematização dos dados por meio de categorização dos estudos, análise bibliométrica e sistemática de conteúdo. Os resul­tados demonstram que a produção científica sobre a mineração, na Geografia, apresentou crescimento após 2010 e, sobretudo depois dos últimos grandes desastres/crimes da mineração em Minas Gerais (Ma­riana, 2015 e Brumadinho, 2019). O mapeamento mostrou que há predominância de estudos executados por Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) da região Sudeste. A partir de 2015 verifica-se maior presença de pesquisas em outras regiões, com prevalência, em 2019, nas IES do Nordeste. Nota-se variação teórico-metodológica das análises, com alternância, ao longo do tempo, nas abordagens e categorias analíticas da ciência geográfica. Nos últimos dez anos, observa-se uma predominância da categoria Território nos estudos identificados. Compreender essas e outras questões de maneira mais aprofundada pode ser uma via para ampliar as fronteiras do conhecimento sobre análise da mineração à luz da Geografia. Palavras-chave: estado da arte; mineração; extrativismo mineral; garimpo; análise geográfica.   Abstract Economic activity based on mineral extraction has expanded, especially in the global South. In Brazil, mining is a secular economic activity and takes place in different formats, from mining to industrial size mineral extraction, presenting complexities and singularities. The phenomenon has been the object of scientific studies in several fields of knowledge. This research aimed to identify the theoretical-methodological approaches on extractive-mineral activity in the scope of Brazilian geography to know the state of the art in the field of geographic analysis. The research corpus consisted of 356 works, including theses and dissertations, produced in the last thirty-three years and collected from Capes' Open Data Portal. Data were collected and systematized through the categorization of studies, bibliometric and systematic content analysis. The results show that scientific production on mining, in Geography, grew after 2010 and, above all, after the last major disasters/crimes of mining in Minas Gerais (Mariana, 2015 and Brumadinho, 2019). The mapping showed that there is a predominance of studies carried out by Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in the Southeast region. From 2015 onwards, there is a greater presence of research in other regions, with a prevalence, in 2019, in HEIs in the Northeast. Theoretical-methodological variation of the analyses is noted, with alternation, over time, in the analytical approaches and categories of geographic science. In the last ten years, there has been a predominance of the Territory category in the identified studies. Understanding these and other issues in greater depth can be a way to expand the frontiers of knowledge about mining analysis in the light of Geography. Keywords: State of the Art; Mining; Mineral Extractivism; Garimpo; Geographical Analysis.   Una Geografía de la investigación sobre minería en Brasil en el ámbito del análisis geográfico (1987-2020)   Resumen La actividad económica basada en la extracción de minerales se ha expandido, especialmente en el Sur global. En Brasil, la minería es una actividad económica secular y se desarrolla en diferentes formatos, desde la minería hasta la extracción de minerales de tamaño industrial, presentando complejidades y sin­gularidades. El fenómeno ha sido objeto de estudios científicos en varios campos del conocimiento. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los enfoques teórico-metodológicos sobre la actividad ex­tractiva-mineral en el ámbito de la Geografía Brasileña para conocer el estado del arte en el campo del análisis geográfico. El corpus de investigación estuvo conformado por 356 trabajos, entre tesis y diserta­ciones, producidos en los últimos treinta y tres años y recolectados del Portal de Datos Abiertos de Capes. Los datos fueron recolectados y sistematizados mediante la categorización de estudios, análisis bibliomé­trico y de contenido sistemático. Los resultados muestran que la producción científica sobre minería, en Geografía, creció después de 2010 y, sobre todo, después de los últimos grandes desastres / delitos de minería en Minas Gerais (Mariana, 2015 y Brumadinho, 2019). El mapeo mostró que existe un predominio de estudios realizados por Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en la región Sudeste. A partir de 2015, hay una mayor presencia de investigación en otras regiones, con una prevalencia, en 2019, en las IES del Nordeste. Se observa variación teórico-metodológica de los análisis, con alternancia, a lo largo del tiempo, en los enfoques analíticos y categorías de ciencia geográfica. En los últimos diez años ha habido un predominio de la categoría Territorio en los estudios identificados. Comprender estos y otros temas en mayor profundidad puede ser una forma de ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento sobre el análisis minero a la luz de la geografía. Palabras clave: estado del arte; minería; extractivismo mineral; garimpo; análisis geográfico.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Samuel Pires Melo ◽  
Ruth Sousa Batista ◽  
Millena Araújo de Souza

A educação do/no campo tem se diferenciado da educação rural em seus processos socioeducativos. Os movimentos sociais têm reivindicado a educação preocupada com o desenvolvimento de seus territórios rurais, e não para o interesse estrito do Capital. Entende-se, assim, que as práticas pedagógicas dos professores se distinguem diante de seus espaços de atuação, como tem sido na Educação de Pessoas Jovens e Adultas (EPJA) em territórios rurais com turmas multisseriadas. Observam-se diferentes demandas ao educador, além da compreensão de que a escola, no seu papel de formação de sujeitos socioculturais, deve estar firmada no objetivo de desenvolver práticas pedagógicas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de educandos autônomos. Diante disso, busca-se analisar as práticas pedagógicas dos educadores que atuam na educação de pessoas jovens e adultas no campo, por meio das teses e dissertações dos programas de pós-graduação do Brasil. Optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo Estado da Arte, e pela técnica de Análise Conteúdo, de Bardin (2004). Por meio dos filtros de seleção (descritores e recorte temporal), foram encontrados seis trabalhos na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, nos quais se observou que as práticas pedagógicas dos docentes da EPJA territórios rurais são marcadas por influências econômicas, culturais, políticas e sociais, que necessitam de apoio na Formação Continuada e de recursos para atuação do educador na Educação do/no campo, portanto, a partir de práticas críticas, reflexivas e integrantes das realidades que ensejam transformadoras nas salas da Educação de Pessoas Jovens e Adultas do Campo.Palavras-chave: Educação do campo; Educação de pessoas jovens e adultas; Práticas pedagógicas.Pedagogical practices of youth and adult education teachers in the field: what do theses and dissertations say in Brazil (2010-2019)ABSTRACTAbstract: The education of/in the countryside has been different from rural education in its socio-educational processes. Social movements have demanded education concerned with the development of their rural territories, and not for the strict interest of Capital. It is understood, therefore, that the pedagogical practices of teachers are distinguished in relation to their spaces of action, as it has been in the Education of Young and Adult People (EPJA) in rural territories with multigrade classes. There are different demands on the educator, in addition to the understanding that the school, in its role of training sociocultural subjects, must be based on the objective of developing pedagogical practices that contribute to the development of autonomous students. Therefore, we seek to analyze the pedagogical practices of educators who work in the education of young and adult people in the countryside, through thesis and dissertations of postgraduate programs in Brazil. We opted for qualitative research of the State-of-the-Art type, and for the Content Analysis technique, by Bardin (2004). Through selection filters (descriptors and time frame), six works were found in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, in which it was observed that the pedagogical practices of EPJA teachers in rural territories are marked by economic, cultural, political and social, which need support in Continuing Education and resources for the educator's performance in Education of/in the countryside, therefore, from critical, reflective practices that are part of the transformative realities in the Education of Young and Adult People in the countryside.Keywords: Rural education; Youth and adult education; Pedagogical practices.Prácticas pedagógicas de profesores de educación de jóvenes y adultos en el ámbito: qué dicen las tesis y disertaciones en Brasil (2010-2019)RESUMENLa educación del / en el campo ha sido diferente a la educación rural en sus procesos socioeducativos. Los movimientos sociales han reclamado una educación preocupada por el desarrollo de sus territorios rurales, y no por el estricto interés del Capital. Se entiende, por tanto, que las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes se distinguen en relación a sus espacios de acción, como ha sido en la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EPJA) en territorios rurales con clases multigrado. Existen diferentes demandas al educador, además de entender que la escuela, en su rol de formación de sujetos socioculturales, debe basarse en el objetivo de desarrollar prácticas pedagógicas que contribuyan al desarrollo de estudiantes autónomos. Por lo tanto, buscamos analizar las prácticas pedagógicas de los educadores que trabajan en la educación de jóvenes y adultos en el campo, a través de tesis y disertaciones de programas de posgrado en Brasil. Se optó por una investigación cualitativa del tipo State of the Art, y por la técnica de Análisis de Contenidos, de Bardin (2004). A través de filtros de selección (descriptores y marco temporal), se encontraron seis trabajos en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones, en los cuales se observó que las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes de EPJA en territorios rurales están marcadas por factores económicos, culturales, políticos y sociales, que necesitan apoyo en Educación Continuada y recursos para el desempeño del educador en Educación del / en el campo, por tanto, a partir de prácticas críticas y reflexivas que son parte de las realidades transformadoras en la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en el campo.  Palabras clave: Educación rural; Educación de jóvenes y adultos; Prácticas pedagógicas.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Joana Paulin Romanowski

Este artigo realiza um balanço das pesquisas em formação de professores realizadas no Brasil, de 1987 ao início desta década, com destaque para a região Sul. Focaliza os estudos do tipo “estado da arte” publicados, principalmente os relativos a teses e dissertações defendidas nos programas de pós-graduação, e inclui aspectos de pesquisas internacionais. A metodologia de estudo é do tipo “revisão sistemática”, com a finalidade de apontar as dimensões em torno das abordagens teórico-metodológicas, das temáticas privilegiadas, sua expansão e seus impactos.Palavras-chave: Pesquisa em formação de professores. Metodologia de pesquisa. Pesquisa em educação.TRENDS IN TEACHER TRAINING RESEARCH: between local and universalAbstractThis article presents a survey of the research on teacher education held in Brazil from 1987 to the beginning of this decade, especially in the South. It focuses on the study of the "state of the art" published, mainly regarding theses and dissertations in graduate programs, and includes aspects of international research. The study methodology is a "systematic review", in order to point out the dimensions around the theoretical and methodological approaches, the privileged themes, its expansion and its impact.Keywords: Research in teacher education. Research methodology. Research in education.TENDENCIAS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN FORMACIÓN DE PROFESORES: entre lo local y lo universalResumenEste artículo realiza un balance de las encuestas en formación de profesores realizadas en Brasil, de 1987 al inicio de esta década, con destaque para la región Sur. Focaliza los estudios del tipo "estado del arte" publicados, principalmente los relativos a tesis y disertaciones defendidas programas de postgrado, e incluye aspectos de investigaciones internacionales. La metodología de estudio es del tipo "revisión sistemática", con la finalidad de apuntar las dimensiones en torno a los enfoques teórico-metodológicos, de las temáticas privilegiadas, su expansión y sus impactos.Palabras clave: Investigación en formación de profesores. Metodología de investigación. Investigación en educación.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-667
Author(s):  
Carliani Portela Carmo ◽  
Rosana Carla Gonçalves Gomes Cintra

O presente estudo tem por objetivo a elaboração do estado da arte em relação ao objeto de pesquisa, ludicidade, no qual aborda manifestação do lúdico na prática pedagógica do docente e a sua relevância para a aprendizagem e desenvolvimento das crianças. O presente estudo iniciou-se a partir do levantamento de palavras-chaves (pratica docente; ludicidade e aprendizagem), seleção e posterior análise de 13 dissertações e 02 teses cadastradas e defendidas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações - e posteriormente seleção e análise de 11 dissertações e 04 teses no Banco de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Verificamos que ao decorrer da pesquisa que os temas aparecem de formas variadas, porém a ludicidade sempre está presente de forma significativa, a metodologia das pesquisas é ressaltada pela abordagem qualitativa e as técnicas de coletas são as entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação, depoimentos, algumas utilizam a fenomenologia e a psicologia histórico cultural.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Prática Docente; Ludicidade; Aprendizagem.     ABSTRACT The present study aims to elaborate the state of the art in relation to the object of research, playfulness, in which it approaches the manifestation of the playful in the pedagogical practice of the teacher and its relevance to the learning and development of the children. The present study started with the survey of key words (teaching practice, play and learning), selection and subsequent analysis of 13 dissertations and 02 theses registered and defended in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations - and later selection and analysis Of 11 dissertations and 04 theses in the Bank of Thesis and Dissertations of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES). We verified that during the course of the research that the themes appear in varied forms, but the playfulness is always present in a significant way, Research methodology is emphasized by the qualitative approach and collection techniques are semistructured interviews, observation, testimonies, some use phenomenology and cultural historical psychology.   KEYWORDS: Teaching Practice; Ludicidade; Learning.         RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo elaborar el estado del arte en relación con el objeto de investigación, el juego, en el que aborda la manifestación de lo lúdico en la práctica pedagógica del docente y su relevancia para el aprendizaje y desarrollo de los niños. El presente estudio comenzó con la encuesta de palabras clave (práctica docente, juego y aprendizaje), selección y posterior análisis de 13 disertaciones y 02 tesis registradas y defendidas en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones, y posterior selección y análisis de 11 disertaciones y 04 tesis en el Banco de Tesis y Tesis de Coordinación de Mejora de Personal de Nivel Superior (CAPES). Verificamos que durante el curso de la investigación los temas aparecen en formas variadas, pero el juego siempre está presente de manera significativa, la metodología de investigación se enfatiza por el enfoque cualitativo y las técnicas de recolección son entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación, testimonios, algunos usan fenomenología y psicología histórica cultural.  PALABRAS CLAVE: Práctica de enseñanza; Ludicidade; Aprendizaje


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dodi Faedlulloh ◽  
Fetty Wiyani

This paper aimed to explain public financial governance based on good governance implementation in Jakarta Provincial Government. This paper specifically discussed towards transparancy implementation of local budget (APBD) through open data portal that publishes budget data to public. In general, financial transparency through open data has met Transparency 2.0 standards, namely the existence of encompassing, one-stop, one-click budget accountability and accessibility. But there are indeed some shortcomings that are still a concern in order to continue to maintain commitment to the principle of transparency, namely by updating data through consistent data visualization.Transparency of public finance needs to continue to be developed and improved through various innovations to maintain public trust in the government.Keywords: Public Finance, Open Data, Transparency


2019 ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
S.M. Nikonorov ◽  
S.N. Kirillov ◽  
S.V. Solovieva ◽  
A.A. Pakina

Current assessments of sustainability are based on traditional indicators and need to be adjusted. The article analyzes the factors of environmental management efficiency and shows the interdependence of ecosystems’ state and economic development on example of the Baikal natural area. The development of economic activity in the region largely dependson the ability to use the water resources of the lake Baikal, which is experiencing a significant anthropogenic load, and the basis for the regulation of natural resources are prohibitive and restrictive mechanisms that do not take into account the interests of the local population. The article proposes approaches to improving the assessment of development, taking into account the socio-economic and environmental indicators of the Baikal natural area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6283
Author(s):  
Jérémy Lamarche ◽  
Luisa Ronga ◽  
Joanna Szpunar ◽  
Ryszard Lobinski

Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is an emerging marker of the nutritional status of selenium and of various diseases, however, its chemical characteristics still need to be investigated and methods for its accurate quantitation improved. SELENOP is unique among selenoproteins, as it contains multiple genetically encoded SeCys residues, whereas all the other characterized selenoproteins contain just one. SELENOP occurs in the form of multiple isoforms, truncated species and post-translationally modified variants which are relatively poorly characterized. The accurate quantification of SELENOP is contingent on the availability of specific primary standards and reference methods. Before recombinant SELENOP becomes available to be used as a primary standard, careful investigation of the characteristics of the SELENOP measured by electrospray MS and strict control of the recoveries at the various steps of the analytical procedures are strongly recommended. This review critically discusses the state-of-the-art of analytical approaches to the characterization and quantification of SELENOP. While immunoassays remain the standard for the determination of human and animal health status, because of their speed and simplicity, mass spectrometry techniques offer many attractive and complementary features that are highlighted and critically evaluated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Cristina Rocha Paranhos ◽  
Lívia De Rezende Cardoso

This article builds a mapping in order to analyze the theses and dissertations about body, health, curriculum and training of health professionals. For this, theses and dissertations were mapped in the period from 2010 to 2020 through a state-of-the-art study. The composition of the data is given by the presentation and discussion of the listed texts. As for research, these concern the production of bodies based on biotechnological discourses; professional training in health; others point to the curricula of health courses after the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN); the performance of health professionals in relation to the Unified Health System (SUS); teaching strategies for health training; corporeidity in the curricula, especially in the curricula of the Physical Education course; the anatomoclinical body and educational health practices. In this perspective, some contributions, limits and possibilities of this academic production were observed.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Kevin J. Liu

AbstractMotivationThe standard bootstrap method is used throughout science and engineering to perform general-purpose non-parametric resampling and re-estimation. Among the most widely cited and widely used such applications is the phylogenetic bootstrap method, which Felsenstein proposed in 1985 as a means to place statistical confidence intervals on an estimated phylogeny (or estimate “phylogenetic support”). A key simplifying assumption of the bootstrap method is that input data are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). However, the i.i.d. assumption is an over-simplification for biomolecular sequence analysis, as Felsenstein noted. Special-purpose fully parametric or semi-parametric methods for phylogenetic support estimation have since been introduced, some of which are intended to address this concern.ResultsIn this study, we introduce a new sequence-aware non-parametric resampling technique, which we refer to as RAWR (“RAndom Walk Resampling”). RAWR consists of random walks that synthesize and extend the standard bootstrap method and the “mirrored inputs” idea of Landan and Graur. We apply RAWR to the task of phylogenetic support estimation. RAWR’s performance is compared to the state of the art using synthetic and empirical data that span a range of dataset sizes and evolutionary divergence. We show that RAWR support estimates offer comparable or typically superior type I and type II error compared to phylogenetic bootstrap support as well as GUIDANCE2, a state-of-the-art purpose-built fully parametric method. Additional simulation study experiments help to clarify practical considerations regarding RAWR support estimation. We conclude with thoughts on future research directions and the untapped potential for sequence-aware non-parametric resampling and re-estimation.AvailabilityData and software are publicly available under open-source software and open data licenses at: https://gitlab.msu.edu/liulab/[email protected]


2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (58) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neiva de Assis ◽  
Andrea Vieira Zanella ◽  
Luciano Rosa

This study addresses the inclusion of artistic activities in the context of after-school programs. We consider it important to map and investigate how the inclusion of these activities, as well as relationships between young individuals and education institutions, have been discussed. Theses and dissertations, available on the CAPES platform between 2000 and 2012, the themes of which were artistic activities included in after-school programs, were analyzed. The method used is defined as “State of the Art”. A total of 49 theses and dissertations were found and categories such as main topic and results were analyzed. This analysis highlights new ways of doing research and current opportunities of aesthetic education directed to young individuals. The results show changes in the lives of young individuals participating in educational projects that include Art. Enabling access to aesthetic knowledge within formal educational institutions is essential.


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