scholarly journals Fauna and Ecology of Dipterous (Díptera, Muscidae) Livestock Biocenoses of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Paliy ◽  
Andrii Palii ◽  
Kateryna Rodionova ◽  
Zhanna Koreneva ◽  
Volodymyr Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Important Place ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Luminescent Markers ◽  
Powder Fraction

The biology and ecology of parasitic insects are closely related to the life of people, and the leading role belongs to animal husbandry. It is difficult to overestimate the negative influence of parasitic dipterans on productive animals, especially during the season of their mass reproduction and distribution. The work aimed to study the species composition of Diptera in different livestock biocenoses in eastern and central Ukraine. Entomological nets and traps were used to capture zoophilic flies, the number of insects was determined using the fly index, and luminescent markers TAT 33 with a powder fraction of 30 microns. The collected insects were identified according to the existing modern identifiers. As a result of the studies, the presence of Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) was determined in all livestock facilities for keeping animals and birds. The largest number of house flies was noted in the facilities for keeping sows with suckling pigs (312.0±35.3) and fattening animals (277.5±6.1). M. domestica, M. autumnalis, and S. calcitrans accounted for 75.57% of the entire complex of zoophilic flies. The species M. vitripennis, M. tempestiva, L. irritans, H. atripalpis also occupied an important place among the species that form the entomoparasitocenosis (18.91%). In pasture biotopes, two species of flies (Ortellia caesarion Meigen and Ortellia cornicina Fabr.) have been identified. They do not attack animals, but are mineralisers of cattle feces. Luminiferous marker L-1 basic green (TAT 33) fixes well on insects and lasts for 5 days. The density of the fly population in the pig houses is 36% higher than in the calf houses. The results obtained are the basis for the development of innovative, scientifically grounded schemes for control and the fight against parasitic insects at livestock enterprises

scholarly journals ЕТІОЛОГІЧНА СТРУКТУРА ГОСТРИХ ШЛУНКОВО–КИШКОВИХ ЗАХВОРЮВАНЬ ТЕЛЯТ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
A. Berezovskyi ◽  
T. Fotyna ◽  
L. Ulko ◽  
A. Nechyporenko ◽  
E. Tytov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Important Place ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Low Efficiency

The results of tests of samples of biological material from the calves with acute gastrointestinal diseases presents in the article. It was found that the occurrence and development of acute gastrointestinal diseases the leading role played by opportunistic bacteria association: S. aureus, S. saprophiticus, S. agalactiae, S. faecalis, S. pyogenes, E. coli, E. cloacae, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and K. Pneumoniae. Of the 632 examinations we studied 2,786 samples of biological material. Analysis of the results on our diagnostic work shows that acute gastrointestinal disease in calves caused by microbial associations. At acute gastrointestinal disease isolated pathogen E. coli – 21.0%. Coccoid microorganisms group also had significant representation. Thus, a biomaterial of 15.5% was allocated S. faecalis, at 11.6% was allocated pathogen S. aureus. Although to a lesser extent, but large office in the species spectrum of microorganisms by acute gastrointestinal diseases of calves occupied S. agalactiae – 4.8%, S. saprophiticus – 4.6%, S. pyogenes – 3.7%. Among the important place occupied microorganisms culture P. vulgaris – 8.5% of the total allocation of the samples. The average discharge frequency was characteristic for Campylobacter jejuni – 6.5% of cases.In analyzing the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from calves with acute gastro–intestinal diseases to different groups of antibiotic drugs found that E. coli has a low sensitivity to antibiotics almost all studied groups. The largest number of selected crops susceptible to cephalosporins – 74.8%. Most of the isolated cultures weaklysensitive or insensitive to antibiotics studied by us. These data are an indication of the spread of antibiotic–resistant strains of microorganisms among newborn calves in the farms of Sumy and Chernihiv regions, which explains the low efficiency of antibiotic therapy. Highly active towards crop S. aureus, S. saprophiticus, S. agalactiae, S. faecalis, S. pyogenes, E. coli, E. cloacae, C. jejuni, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae were drug «Ceftioklin» and combined antibacterial agents. 

scholarly journals The effect of decomposing biomass of the grasses Festuca arundinacea, F. ovina, and F. rubra on the species composition and quality of lawns

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Lipińska ◽  
Wanda Harkot ◽  
Zbigniew Czarnecki ◽  
Rafał Kornas ◽  
Ewa Stamirowska-Krzaczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact

<p>The aim of the study was to assess the impact of cut vegetative shoots of chosen lawn grass cultivars of <em>Festuca</em> being left on the lawn sward surface on the species composition, sodding and appearance, and over-wintering of the lawn. The influence of decomposing biomass was studied in a field experiment between 2008 and 2014. Each cultivar was sown as a monoculture on microplots with an area of 1 m<sup>2</sup>. The control consisted of sites from which the cut sward had been removed immediately after cutting.</p><p>The results obtained may indicate an allelopathic effect of the cut sward of the cultivars left on the lawn surfaces. The following had the most negative effects on the species composition of the lawn sward (from greater to lesser negative impact): <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Espro’, <em>F. rubra</em> ‘Areta’, <em>F. arundinacea</em> ‘Asterix’, and <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Pintor’. With the exception of ‘Espro’, these cultivars also limited the presence of dicotyledonous plants in the lawn sward. The cover of dicotyledonous plants and other unsown grasses was also recorded on the sites with <em>F. rubra</em> ‘Olivia’ and ‘Nimba’. The greatest negative influence on the sodding of the lawn swards was demonstrated by the latter <em>F. rubra</em> cultivar, whereas <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Espro’ had the greatest negative influence on the appearance. However, no differences were found in assessments of over-wintering of the cultivars at the study sites. However, taking into account the scale of these impacts on the characteristics evaluated, the cultivars of <em>Festuca</em> species tested can be recommended for extensive use, where a cut sward can be left on the surface of the lawn. Some caution in this respect is recommended when it comes to <em>F. ovina</em> ‘Espro’ and <em>F. rubra</em> ‘Areta’ and ‘Nimba’.</p>

Digital services for industry: the experience of Schneider Electric

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Alexander Savanovich
Keyword(s):  
Information Modeling ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Modern Equipment ◽  
Service Personnel ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Digital Services

The use of digital tools and information modeling are taking an increasingly important place in the activities of leading manufacturing companies. At the same time, the leading role is assigned to improving communication between modern equipment and service personnel using digital tools. Alexander Savanovich answers our questions about promising developments and new solutions of Schneider Electric in this area

Economic Security of Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina N. RUDENKO
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Perm Krai ◽  
Negative Factors

The urgency of the problem under investigation is caused by the need of regions (subjects of the Russian Federation) for economic security. In the conditions of the crisis, the recession in the economy, social problems in the regions of Russia are aggravated, the standard of living of the population is decreasing, and the tension in the labor market is increasing. To mitigate the negative factors affecting this, it is necessary to take decisions aimed at improving the structure of the regional economy, supporting certain industries, spheres, and attracting investments. This is all to ensure economic security. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations of the region (subject of the federation) on the example of Perm Krai to ensure economic security. The leading methods of research of this problem are the analysis of theoretical sources, statistical analysis, comparison, SWOT-analysis. Statistical analysis occupies the most important place, since data on the economy state and social sphere of the region can be directly obtained from statistical databases. This article presents the main approaches to the concept of economic security in the region, defines the components of economic security, and compares the economic security of Perm Krai and a number of other regions. It was concluded that the economic security of Perm Krai is rather weak, which is connected with the influence of negative factors of the external environment (typical for the entire Russian economy in recent years), with unresolved problems in the region, which increase the negative influence of environmental factors. The materials of the article are of practical value for the organization of public administration at the regional level (at the level of the subject of the federation in Russia or at the level of regions in other countries), for making decisions related to ensuring the economic security of the region.

scholarly journals A study of the Overburden dumps flora at Chernogorsky quarry

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 00001
Author(s):  
Eugene Ankipovich ◽  
Elena Lagunova ◽  
Irina Barsukova ◽  
Tatiana Leonova Katanov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Boreal Region ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Nitraria Sibirica ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Overburden Dumps ◽  
First Time

Species composition of phytocoenoses of overburden dumps at Chernogorsky quarry has been investigated. Systematic, chorological, environmental and biomorphological analysis of flora has been carried out. It has been found that the quarry flora includes 47 species of higher vascular plants that are related to 35 genera and 16 families. 97.9 % are metasperms. Asteraceae and Poaceae are the largest families. Species with Holarctic areas prevail in the chorological structure (36.2 %). In terms of soil moisture all species can be subdivided into 3 groups: mesophytes (40.4 %), mesoxerophytes (36.2 %) and xerophytes (23.4 %). The leading role in the researched flora belongs to herbaceous polycarpous plants (57.4 %), which is characteristic of all the boreal region flora. 1 species listed in the Red Books of the Republic of Khakassia was discovered in the overburden dumps (Nitraria sibirica Pallas) and 6 species which have been noted for the first time for the flora of Khakassia.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in the ХХІ century: multimodal approach to assessing causes and effective correction

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
M.I. Bobryk ◽  
T.M. Tutchenko ◽  
I.V. Sidorova ◽  
O.A. Burka ◽  
O.I. Krotyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Leading Role

In a broad sense, insulin resistance (IR) is the impairment of the biological response of target tissues to insulin stimulation. IR plays a leading role in the development of metabolic syndrome, the global prevalence of which continues to grow, despite the significant efforts of medical systems. The multicomponent nature of metabolic syndrome implies its complex and heterogeneous pathogenesis, knowledge about which is annually updated with new details as a result of scientific research.This review systematizes the results of recent studies on risk factors and pathogenetic links in the development of IR, prospects and existing experience of using these data in clinical practice with an emphasis on assessing the level of melatonin and vitamin D. The issue of timely and reliable laboratory confirmation of IR is relevant not only for endocrinologists, but also for specialists in almost all areas. In clinical use apart from indirect methods of IR-assessment like HOMA-IR, there is an informative test intact proinsulin.Recently, the increasing attention of researchers is attracted by such factors of the development of IR as vitamin D deficiency and disturbances in chrono- and biorhythms. Today, their role in the pathogenesis of IR can be considered proven, which makes it possible to consider vitamin D and melatonin as therapeutic agents in an integrated approach to the prevention and correction of IR. Statistical analysis of the research results of the “DILA” Medical Laboratory and clinical data provided by the Department of Endocrinology of the O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University also showed an association of vitamin D and melatonin levels with IR.Thus, a review of scientific sources over the last 5 years clearly demonstrates the growing urgency of the problem of IR and metabolic syndrome, the need to reconsider their management from assessing traditional etiopathogenetic factors (alimentary) to taking into account the maximum spectrum of genetic aspects and exogenous impacts. An important place among the latter belongs to an objective assessment of the vitamin D and melatonin levels for adequate pharmacological correction.

scholarly journals Features of formation and development of lease relations in Tavriya province (2nd half of XIX century – 1917)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Nataliia Chernikova
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with the process of formation and development of lease relations in the agrarian sector of Tavria province in the second half of the 19th century-1917 in the conditions of vendible farming and animal husbandry development. The causes of widespread leasing and the specificity of this process in different counties of the province are analyzed. The role of landlord ownership in the formation of the lease fund of the region is determined. The vast lands served as a significant source of productive and non-productive profit for the local nobility. Few owners of capitalist-type farms used the proceeds of the lease to modernize their farms. Lease was the main means of land use for the vast majority of nobles. The ways of involving the Taurian peasantry in the lease relations in the conditions of its property and social differentiation are revealed here. Attention is drawn to the fact that the wealthy peasantry was the main tenant who used the leased land primarily for the organization of commercial agriculture. Characterization of the types of land constituting the lease fund of the region have been made. It has been found that private ownership constituted its vast majority, as well as peasant allotments, treasury lands and private institutions. The specifics of the lease of state-owned lands in Tavria province are shown. A wide variety of statistical sources cover the types of land leases and regional features of their using. Skopschina was a popular form of rent; however, on the areas of commercial agriculture, there was a dynamic development of monetary rent as a characteristic feature of capitalist housekeeping. The dynamics of changes in rental prices in the context of species and regional differentiation are traced. The advantages and disadvantages of rent for the owners and tenants of the province are highlighted. It was concluded that the lease occupied an important place in the land tenure and land using of the population of Tavria province - above all, the nobility and the peasantry as the main subjects of lease relations and makers of agricultural products. It contributed to the development of entrepreneurship and the strengthening of capitalist forms of farming in the countryside.

scholarly journals KOP Bölgesinde Hayvancılığın Durumu ve Yem Kaynakları ile Kaba Yem Yeterliliğinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1794
Author(s):  
Orhan Ermetin ◽  
Mevlüt Mülayim
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Important Place

KOP region covers Aksaray, Karaman, Konya, Niğde Nevşehir, Yozgat, Kırıkkale and Kırşehir provinces. KOP region has an area of 95,580 km² about 12,3%, with 4.515.046 population about 5,4% and 12,3% of agricultural lands of Turkey. KOP Region has 13.1 % grassland and 9,4% of the area of forage crops cultivation and in terms of production forage crops 15,8% of Turkey. KOP region has also 2.150.920 head of cattle (11,8% of the Turkey), and whit 5.431.031 head of small ruminant (%10,9 of the Turkey). 3.032.086 tons of milk is produced in the KOP region (13,2% of the Turkey). It is produced in the KOP region that 11,9% of Turkey's total red meat production. Livestock and forage crops production has an important place in 8 provinces of the KOP region. In this study, the current situation of livestock, pasture and forage crops cultivation in KOP provinces were evaluated and its effects on regional and country development were examined. Since there are 1.608.530 tons of forage deficit in the KOP region, the production of forage should be increased. In order to increase animal production in the region by the KOP Administration, efforts towards expanding modern techniques and improving livestock infrastructure should continue and animal husbandry activities should continue to be supported with new projects.

Species composition and dispersal of nuisance flies breeding on egg farms in southern Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. James ◽  
C. Krawec ◽  
N. A. Schellhorn ◽  
P. C. Glatz ◽  
P. M. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Food Safety Risk ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Fannia Canicularis

The vectorial and dispersal capacities of flies make them a biosecurity and food safety risk on egg farms. The design of optimal control and biosecurity programs requires knowledge of species composition and patterns of abundance of the fly populations present. Although there have been many studies of flies breeding on egg farms in other countries there is little information available in Australia. We monitored numbers and species of flies breeding on cage egg farms in southern Australia and used mass marking with fluorescent resin dye to assess the dispersal of the major species from one of the farms. The main peak in fly numbers occurred in spring and early summer and was comprised predominantly of little house flies (Fannia canicularis). Significant numbers of false stable flies (Muscina stabulans) were trapped near accumulated manure, but relatively low numbers were present in bird housing areas. House flies (Musca domestica) were found in only low numbers or were absent at most times of the year. In the dispersal studies, 85% of marked F. canicularis and 67% of marked M. stabulans were trapped within 255 m of the layer sheds. The greatest distance from the farm at which marked F. canicularis flies were captured was 739 m for traps and 1.25 km for tapes whereas M. stabulans flies were trapped at all distances including in the most distant trap nearly 2 km from the farm. Modelling of trap catches by distance predicted maximum dispersal distances of 1.6 km for F. canicularis and 2.4 km for M. stabulans.

scholarly journals Assessing the Snow Disaster and Disaster Resistance Capability for Spring 2019 in China’s Three-River Headwaters Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanqin Shao ◽  
Guobo Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Haibo Huang ◽  
Jiangwen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Capability Index ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Ground Monitoring

Frequent snowfall and low temperatures led to a considerable snow disaster in some areas of China’s Three-River Headwaters Region (TRHR) in Qinghai province in the spring of 2019, exerting a considerably negative influence on animal husbandry production in local grasslands. Based on a model of snow disaster classification and quantitative estimations of disaster-stricken animal husbandry, we propose a comprehensive disaster resistance capability index (CDRCI) using remote sensing, ground monitoring, and statistical investigations. With a comprehensive assessment of the space distribution and the magnitude of snow disasters, combined with a quantitative determination of disaster-stricken animal husbandry, the proposed CDRCI calculates how grassland animal husbandry is affected by snow disasters in different counties of the TRHR. The results indicate that approximately 2.31 million sheep and yaks were affected by moderate to severe snow disasters in the TRHR, accounting for 78.3% of the total livestock in the affected region. Of these affected livestock, approximately 1.54 million sheep and yaks were specifically affected by severe snow disasters, accounting for 52.1% of the total number of livestock. The CDRCIs for grassland animal husbandry in both Yushu and were moderate, being higher for the former than for the latter. We confirmed that the proposed CDRCI can accurately evaluate the magnitude of snow disasters in terms of how they affect grassland animal husbandry. The CDRCI is a way of relating the number of animal deaths to spatial disaster prevention and resistance. We expect that this research will provide important theoretical support for formulating snow disaster resistance policy, for example for increasing the construction of grassland animal husbandry infrastructure as well as providing greater stored forage material.

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