scholarly journals Simulation of a Steel Wire Straightening Taking into Account Nonlinear Hardening of Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
I. Khromov ◽  
R. Kawalla
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Deflected Mode ◽  
Nonlinear Hardening

Straightening is used to ensure the straightness of a rod workpiece as well as to redistribute or reduce the residual stresses in a finished product. The accuracy of modeling the operation of this kind plays an important role when manufacturing high quality ropes and cables of a small diameter. The physical model of alternating wire bending in a straightener has been considered in the paper. Computer methodology has been developed to calculate deflected mode and internal bending moment in a cross section of a wire at the different stages of deformation, which allowed taking into account nonlinear hardening of the material.

scholarly journals Research of the influence of highcarbon steel wire drawing speed on stresses and deformations on wire cross section

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Bobarikin ◽  
Yu. V. Martyanov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Drawing Rate ◽  
Drawing Speed ◽  
Wire Cross Section ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Residual Stresses And Strains

The parameters of wire production affecting the distribution of residual stresses and strains on the wire cross section are considered. It is determined that the modes of coarse drawing can affect the complex of mechanical properties of thin wire due to the uneven distribution of equivalent stresses and strains. The rough drawing speed is chosen as the investigated parameter.The effect of the coarse drawing rate of high-carbon steel wire on the distribution of equivalent residual stresses and strains over the wire cross section is studied by numerical simulation of wire drawing at different speeds by the finite element method. The values of equivalent residual stresses for the selected drawing route along the wire cross-section zones are determined. The analysis of the equivalent stress distribution over the wire cross section is made.It is shown that the increase in the speed of coarse drawing increases the uniformity of the distribution of equivalent residual stresses, does not have a negative effect on the deformed state of the wire, increases the absolute values of equivalent residual stresses, slightly reduces the absolute values of residual deformations.

Influence of Yield Strength Variability over Cross-Section to Steel Beam Load-Carrying Capacity

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kala ◽  
Z. Kala
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Strength Variability ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel

Authors of article analysed influence of variability of yield strength over cross-section of hot rolled steel member to its load-carrying capacity. In calculation models, the yield strength is usually taken as constant. But yield strength of a steel hot-rolled beam is generally a random quantity. Not only the whole beam but also its parts have slightly different material characteristics. According to the results of more accurate measurements, the statistical characteristics of the material taken from various cross-section points (e.g. from a web and a flange) are, however, more or less different. This variation is described by one dimensional random field. The load-carrying capacity of the beam IPE300 under bending moment at its ends with the lateral buckling influence included is analysed, nondimensional slenderness according to EC3 is λ¯ = 0.6. For this relatively low slender beam the influence of the yield strength on the load-carrying capacity is large. Also the influence of all the other imperfections as accurately as possible, the load-carrying capacity was determined by geometrically and materially nonlinear solution of very accurate FEM model by the ANSYS programme.

The Influence of Loads Superposition, Deterioration Due to Cracks and Residual Stresses on the Strength of Tubular Junction

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1273
Author(s):  
Valeriu V. Jinescu ◽  
Angela Chelu ◽  
Gheorghe Zecheru ◽  
Alexandru Pupazescu ◽  
Teodor Sima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Torsional Moment ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Cracked Structures ◽  
Total Participation ◽  
Theoretical Results

In the paper the interaction of several loads like pressure, axial force, bending moment and torsional moment are analyzed, taking into account the deterioration due to cracks and the influence of residual stresses. A nonlinear, power law, of structure material is considered. General relationships for total participation of specific energies introduced in the structure by the loads, as well as for the critical participation have been proposed. On these bases: - a new strength calculation methods was developed; � strength of tubular cracked structures and of cracked tubular junction subjected to combined loading and strength were analyzed. Relationships for critical state have been proposed, based on dimensionless variables. These theoretical results fit with experimental date reported in literature. On the other side stress concentration coefficients were defined. Our one experiments onto a model of a pipe with two opposite nozzles have been achieved. Near one of the nozzles is a crack on the run pipe. Trough the experiments the state of stress have been obtained near the tubular junction, near the tip of the crack and far from the stress concentration points. On this basis the stress concentration coefficients were calculated.

scholarly journals Rational Choice of Reinforcement of Reinforced Concrete Frame Corners Subjected to Opening Bending Moment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3438
Author(s):  
Michał Szczecina ◽  
Andrzej Winnicki
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Plasticity Model ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Rational Reinforcement ◽  
Eurocode 2 ◽  
Analysis Of Results

This paper discusses a choice of the most rational reinforcement details for frame corners subjected to opening bending moment. Frame corners formed from elements of both the same and different cross section heights are considered. The case of corners formed of elements of different cross section is not considered in Eurocode 2 and is very rarely described in handbooks. Several reinforcement details with both the same and different cross section heights are presented. The authors introduce a new reinforcement detail for the different cross section heights. The considered details are comprised of the primary reinforcement in the form of straight bars and loops and the additional reinforcement in the form of diagonal bars or stirrups or a combination of both diagonal stirrups and bars. Two methods of static analysis, strut-and-tie method (S&T) and finite element method (FEM), are used in the research. FEM calculations are performed with Abaqus software using the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model (CDP) for concrete and the classical metal plasticity model for reinforcing steel. The crucial CDP parameters, relaxation time and dilatation angle, were calibrated in numerical tests in Abaqus. The analysis of results from the S&T and FE methods allowed for the determination of the most rational reinforcement details.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Tensile and Bending Behaviour of CFRP Cables

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 643-650
Author(s):  
Eduardo Antonio Wink de Menezes ◽  
Laís Vasconcelos da Silva ◽  
Carlos Alberto Cimini Junior ◽  
Felipe Ferreira Luz ◽  
Sandro Campos Amico
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Small Radius ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Bending Behaviour

Due to their high fatigue life, specific strength and specific stiffness in comparison with steel, carbon-fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) cables have attracted the infrastructure industry interest in recent years, primarily for use as structural tendons. Particularly the oil and gas industry showed interest for application in offshore platform anchorage systems, because of their exceptional corrosion and creep/relaxation behaviour. In such applications, the cables need to be tensioned in service and to be bent around relatively small-diameter spools for transportation and maintenance. Therefore, their tensile and bending behaviour is a subject of great concern. The aim of this work was to perform a test program on 1 × 19 CFRP cables in two different situations: tensile loading and four-point bending loading. Finite element models were developed to simulate both conditions, including frictional contact between the cable wires. A simplified analytical model was also used to predict the cable behaviour in tension. Numerical predictions were compared to experimental data showing relatively good accuracy, unlike the verified analytical model. CFRP cables presented outstanding tensile behaviour, but bending over small radius spools could not reach the performance of steel wire ropes. Furthermore, simulation could only fairly predict bending below strains of μ1,000 μe for the external rods, beyond which the cable presented highly non-linear behaviour that could not be simulated by the numerical model.

Study on steel wire reinforced thermoplastic pipes under combined internal pressure and bending moment at various temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 108381
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Shi ◽  
Sijia Zhong ◽  
Xinyu Nie ◽  
Jun Shi ◽  
Jinyang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Bending Moment

Elasto-Plastic Stress Distribution in Triplate Joint Assembly under Bending Moment

2007 ◽  
Vol 345-346 ◽  
pp. 1437-1440
Author(s):  
Tae Hyun Baek ◽  
Seung Kee Koh ◽  
Jie Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Von Mises

Pre-produced triplate transition joint assemblies are widely used in shipbuilding industry to make welds between aluminum and steel for a number of years now. The straight-shaped transition joint assemblies are bent during shipbuilding. So it is necessary to study the residual stresses created by punch forming, which would have heavy effects on the quality of structural parts. ABAQUS is a suite of powerful engineering simulation programs, based on the finite element method. In this paper, ABAQUS was used as the main tool to simulate the residual stresses in a triplate transition joint after unloading. Punch-pressing was carried to simulate bending moment in ABAQUS. The triplate is consisted of baselayer (steel: Lloyd’s Shipplate Gr. A), interlayer (pure aluminum: Al99.5) and superlayer (Al-Mg alloy: AlMg4.5Mn). Results from the ABAQUS analysis showed that increasing the radius of punch significantly reduced the von Mises residual stresses in steel. Changes of von Mises residual stresses in interlayer (Al99.5) and superlayer (AlMg4.5Mn) were negligible.

scholarly journals Validation of Welding Simulations Using Thermal Strains Measured with DIC

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten De Strycker ◽  
Pascal Lava ◽  
Wim Van Paepegem ◽  
Luc Schueremans ◽  
Dimitri Debruyne
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Strain Evolution ◽  
The Cross

Residual stresses can affect the performance of steel tubes in many ways and as a result their magnitude and distribution is of particular interest to many applications. Residual stresses in cold-rolled steel tubes mainly originate from the rolling of a flat plate into a circular cross section (involving plastic deformations) and the weld bead that closes the cross section (involving non-uniform heating and cooling). Focus in this contribution is on the longitudinal weld bead that closes the cross section. To reveal the residual stresses in the tubes under consideration, a finite element analysis (FEA) of the welding step in the production process is made. The FEA of the welding process is validated with the temperature evolution of the thermal simulation and the strain evolution for the mechanical part of the analysis. Several methods for measuring the strain evolution are available and in this contribution it is investigated if the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique can record the strain evolution during welding. It is shown that the strain evolution obtained with DIC is in agreement with that found by electrical resistance strain gauges. The results of these experimental measuring methods are compared with numerical results from a FEA of the welding process.

A Simple Approach for Including Weld Residual Stresses in the Calculation of Pipe Circumferential Through-Wall Crack Opening Displacements

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Olson
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Crack Opening ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Generalized Solution ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Crack Face ◽  
Basic Equations

Current methodologies for predicting the crack opening displacement (COD) of circumferentially through-wall cracked pipe do not include the effect of weld residual stresses (WRS). Even the most advanced COD prediction methodology only includes the effect of applied axial force, bending moment, and crack face pressure. For some years, it has been known that weld residual stresses do alter the COD, but there has been no convenient way to include them in a COD prediction without doing case-specific finite element analyses. This paper documents a generalized solution for including WRS effects on COD. The model uses a closed-form analytic solution to approximate the crack face rotations that the WRS would induce which, subsequently, can be added to the typical axial force-bending-crack face pressure COD solution. The methodology is described and the basic equations for the solution are presented. Following this, application to cases to evaluate the efficacy of the approach are presented which show a mixture of results ranging from amazingly good to “of questionable value” with respect to the FEA results.

Numerical Simulation to Study the Effect of Arc Travelling Speed and Welding Sequences on Residual Stresses in Welded Sections of New Ferritic P92 Pipes

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Jianming Gong ◽  
Yanping Zhao ◽  
Yanfei Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Ge
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
P92 Steel ◽  
Welding Technology ◽  
Symmetrical Distribution ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Welding Sequences

AbstractNew ferritic P92 steel is widely used in modern power plants due to its good combination of mechanical and physical properties. However, cracks are often formed in the welded sections during the fabrication or service. In order to ensure the structure integrity, the effects of residual stresses need to be considered. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of arc travelling speed and welding sequences on the residual stresses distribution in the welded sections of P92 pipes by finite element method (FEM). Results show that arc travelling speed and welding sequences have great effects on residual stresses distribution. With the arc travelling speed increasing, the residual stresses increase. Meanwhile, welding sequences of case B present smaller residual stresses and more symmetrical distribution of residual stresses at the weld centre line. Therefore, using slower arc travelling speed and case B welding sequences can be useful to decrease the residual stresses, which provides a reference for optimizing the welding technology and improving the fabrication process of new ferritic P92 welded pipes with small diameter and thick wall.

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