Analysis of Void Growth and Coalescence in Porous Polymer Materials. Coalescence in Polymer Materials

The use of polymeric materials in engineering applications is growing more and more all over the world. This issue requests new methodologies of analysis in order to assess the material’s capability to withstand complex loads. The use of polyacetal in engineering applications has increased rapidly in the last decade. In order to evaluate the behavior, the damage and coalescence of this type of polymer, a numerical method based on damage which occurs following several stages (nucleation of cavities, their growth and coalescence in more advanced stages of deformation) is proposed in this work. A particular attention is given on the stress-strain and the volumetric strain evolution under different triaxiality and for three initial void shapes. Its application to polyacetal allows approving this approach for technical polymers. Finally, this method allow us to compare the obtained results of basic calculations at different triaxiality and to discuss their possible influence on the initial size and the geometrical shape of the porosity on the material failure.

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Modification of Collagen/Gelatin/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose-Based Materials by Addition of Herbal Extract-Loaded Microspheres Made from Gellan Gum and Xanthan Gum

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3507

Author(s):

Justyna Kozlowska ◽

Weronika Prus-Walendziak ◽

Natalia Stachowiak ◽

Anna Bajek ◽

Lukasz Kazmierski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Xanthan Gum ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Gellan Gum ◽

Porous Polymer ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Swelling Properties

Because consumers are nowadays focused on their health and appearance, natural ingredients and their novel delivery systems are one of the most developing fields of pharmacy, medicine, and cosmetics. The main goal of this study was to design, prepare, and characterize composite materials obtained by incorporation of microspheres into the porous polymer materials consisting of collagen, gelatin, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. Microspheres, based on gellan gum and xanthan gum with encapsulated Calendula officinalis flower extract, were produced by two methods: extrusion and emulsification. The release profile of the extract from both types of microspheres was compared. Then, obtained microparticles were incorporated into polymeric materials with a porous structure. This modification had an influence on porosity, density, swelling properties, mechanical properties, and stability of materials. Besides, in vitro tests were performed using mouse fibroblasts. Cell viability was assessed with the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The obtained materials, especially with microspheres prepared by emulsion method, can be potentially helpful when designing cosmetic forms because they were made from safely for skin ingredients used in this industry and the herbal extract was successfully encapsulated into microparticles.

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The Application of Atomic Force Microscopy to the Characterization of Industrial Polymer Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/mrs2004.140 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 464-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Georg K. Bar ◽

Gregory F. Meyers

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Porous Polymer ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Phase Imaging ◽

Structure Property ◽

Polymer Systems ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is now well established among the tools of choice for the analysis and characterization of materials.Applications of AFM span many industries including chemicals, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors.Advancements in AFM instrumentation over the last five years have expanded the range of application of this technology to investigate thermal and mechanical properties of complex materials at high spatial resolution as well as structural and morphological characterization of materials subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses.In particular, this has been an enabling technology for an improved understanding of structure–property relationships in polymeric materials including homopolymers, blends, impact-modified polymer systems, porous polymer systems, and semicrystalline polymers.Practical examples illustrate applications of contact, tapping-mode, phase-imaging, hot-stage, and scanning thermal methods for the characterization of modern industrial polymer materials.

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Possibilities of using biodegradable polymeric materials in the agricultural sector

Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK ◽

10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-2-115-120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

Raisa A. Alekhina ◽

Victoriya E. Slavkina ◽

Yuliya A. Lopatina

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Biodegradable Polymers ◽

Biodegradable Polymer ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Biodegradable Materials ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

The article presents options for recycling polymers. The use of biodegradable materials is promising. This is a special class of polymers that can decompose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions under the action of microorganisms or enzymes forming natural products such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, biomass, and inorganic salts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reviewing biodegradable materials that can be used for the manufacture of products used in agriculture. (Materials and methods) The study are based on open information sources containing information about biodegradable materials. Research methods are collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information. (Results and discussion) The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable materials, mechanical properties of the main groups of biodegradable polymers. The article provides a summary list of agricultural products that can be made from biodegradable polymer materials. It was found that products from the general group are widely used in agriculture. Authors have found that products from a special group can only be made from biodegradable polymers with a controlled decomposition period in the soil, their use contributes to increasing the productivity of crops. (Conclusions) It was found that biodegradable polymer materials, along with environmental safety, have mechanical properties that allow them producing products that do not carry significant loads during operation. We have shown that the creation of responsible products (machine parts) from biodegradable polymers requires an increase in their strength properties, which is achievable by creating composites based on them. It was found that the technological complexity of their manufacture and high cost are the limiting factors for the widespread use of biodegradable polymers at this stage.

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Light-Driven Integration of Graphitic Carbon Nitride into Polymer Materials

Materials Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iocps2021-11590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Cansu Esen ◽

Baris Kumru

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Carbon Nitride ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Polymer Networks ◽

Co2 Reduction ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Visible Range ◽

Light Illumination ◽

Present Contribution

As a metal-free polymeric semiconductor with an absorption in the visible range, carbon nitride has numerous advantages for photo-based applications spanning hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, ion transport, organic synthesis and organic dye degradation. The combination of g-C3N4 and polymer networks grants mutual benefit for both platforms, as networks are upgraded with photoactivity or formed by photoinitiation, and g-C3N4 is integrated into novel applications. In the present contribution, some of the recently published projects regarding g-C3N4 and polymeric materials will be highlighted. In the first study, organodispersible g-C3N4 were incorporated into a highly commercialized porous resin called poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) through suspension photopolymerization, and performances of resulting beads were investigated as recyclable photocatalysts. In the other study, g-C3N4 nanosheets were embedded in porous hydrogel networks, and so-formed hydrogels with photoactivity were transformed either into a ‘hydrophobic hydrogel’ or pore-patched materials via secondary network introduction, where both processes were accomplished via visible light. Since g-C3N4 is an organic semiconductor exhibiting sufficient charge separation under visible light illumination, a novel method for the oxidative photopolymerization of EDOT was successfully accomplished. As a result of the absence of dissolved anions during polymerization, so-formed neutral PEDOT is a highly viscous liquid that can be processed and post-doped easily, and grants facile coating processes.

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SOME EFFECTS OF THE SVM GENERATOR ON MELTS OF METALS AND POLYMER MATERIALS

Metaphysics ◽

10.22363/2224-7580-2020-4-89-101 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 89-101

Author(s):

V. F Panov ◽

A. E Boyarshinov ◽

A. V Klyuev ◽

S. A Kurapov

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Material Processing ◽

Quantum Theory ◽

Block Diagram ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Polymer Materials

The paper presents the latest results of the effect of SVM generators on melts of metals and polymeric materials, as well as the effect on metals during heat treatment. Shown is a block diagram of an installation for SVM material processing. Made an attempt to theoretically substantiate the use of SVM generators in metallurgy based on relational physics, quantum theory, and real relativity.

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The Reducing Approaches of Scattering Losses in Polymer Planar Optical Waveguides

Proceedings of Telecommunication Universities ◽

10.31854/1813-324x-2021-7-1-31-40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

T. Radzievskaya ◽

N. Ivanov ◽

S. Tarasov

Keyword(s):

Data Transmission ◽

Optical Waveguides ◽

Soft Lithography ◽

High Speed ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

High Speed Data ◽

Scattering Losses ◽

Planar Optical Waveguides

The article presents the development prospects of planar optical waveguides for high-speed data transmission systems optoelectronic buses by polymer materials. The advantages and disadvantages of using non-specialized polymeric materials for general use are revealed. The polymer planar optical waveguides fabrication technologies are proposed. The main losses types in planar optical waveguides, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as approaches to their reduction are determined. Using the example of PDMS polymer and soft lithography technology, the technological process critical stages of polymer planar optical waveguides production are noted, which contribute to an scattering losses increase. For each stage, algorithms are proposed to prevent an scattering losses increase. These algorithms were implemented in practice in the manufacture of layouts of polymer planar optical waveguides of the optical-electronic data transmission bus.

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Cryostructuration as a tool for preparing highly porous polymer materials

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c1py00014d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Harald Kirsebom ◽

Bo Mattiasson

Keyword(s):

Porous Polymer ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Highly Porous

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Recent Applications of Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy in Polymer Science: A Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12051142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Phuong Nguyen-Tri ◽

Payman Ghassemi ◽

Pascal Carriere ◽

Sonil Nanda ◽

Aymen Amine Assadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Super Resolution ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Polymer Science ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Nanoscale Characterization

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been extensively used for the nanoscale characterization of polymeric materials. The coupling of AFM with infrared spectroscope (AFM-IR) provides another advantage to the chemical analyses and thus helps to shed light upon the study of polymers. This paper reviews some recent progress in the application of AFM and AFM-IR in polymer science. We describe the principle of AFM-IR and the recent improvements to enhance its resolution. We also discuss the latest progress in the use of AFM-IR as a super-resolution correlated scanned-probe infrared spectroscopy for the chemical characterization of polymer materials dealing with polymer composites, polymer blends, multilayers, and biopolymers. To highlight the advantages of AFM-IR, we report several results in studying the crystallization of both miscible and immiscible blends as well as polymer aging. Finally, we demonstrate how this novel technique can be used to determine phase separation, spherulitic structure, and crystallization mechanisms at nanoscales, which has never been achieved before. The review also discusses future trends in the use of AFM-IR in polymer materials, especially in polymer thin film investigation.

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Functional fluorinated polymer materials and preliminary self-healing behavior

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c9py00122k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 1993-1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sanjib Banerjee ◽

Bhausaheb V. Tawade ◽

Bruno Améduri

Keyword(s):

Polymeric Materials ◽

Diels Alder ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Self Healing ◽

Fluorinated Polymer ◽

Effective Use

Effective use of Diels–Alder chemistry led to the development of thermally amendable and self-healing polymeric materials based on a copolymer of cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-ylmethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate (MAF-Furan) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl α-fluoroacrylate (FATRIFE).

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