scholarly journals Production of microbial keratinase using a newly isolated strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and its characterization and applications.

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavika N. Parmar ◽  
◽  
Dr. Sneha H. Trivedi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Keratinolytic Activity ◽  
Green Approach

Biodegradation of keratin containing wastes viz. bird feathers, nails, hairs, animalwool is a low-cost, nutrient-rich biotechnological process that turns this plentiful waste into a low-cost, nutrient-rich substance. It is a sustainable green approach towards the solution of environmental threats created by these wastes. This study aimed to screen for potential keratinase-producing microorganisms and to optimize physicochemical parameters to produce keratinase and its characterization. Samples were collected from various poultry farms of Surat (India). Screening for keratinase-production was carried using a feather basal medium. Among these samples, 16 isolates showed keratinolytic activity in primary screening using skim milk agar medium among which, nine isolates showed keratinolytic activity using keratin agar medium. Isolate KA1a gave the highest yield of keratinase and was identified as a strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (NCBI Accession number MT478451), based on 16S rRNA sequencing. It delivered highest enzyme production (108 U/ml) in the medium with feathers (2.2%), NaCl (0.5%), K2HPO4(0.3%), KH2PO4(0.4%), pH7, with 10% inoculum of young cell mass, at 37°C for 24 h under shaking conditions. Optimum temperature for keratinase activity was 40°C and pH 7.0. Enzyme showed stability over different temperature and pH for up to 90 min. It showed potential applications as a detergent additive, animal feed, and organic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Production of a Potentially Probiotic Product for Animal Feed and Evaluation of Some of Its Probiotic Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10004
Author(s):  
Rubén Agregán-Pérez ◽  
Elisa Alonso-González ◽  
Juan Carlos Mejuto ◽  
Nelson Pérez-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Product ◽  
Kefir Grains

Nowadays, probiotics have been proposed for substituting antibiotics in animal feed since the European Union banned the latter compounds in 2006 to avoid serious side effects on human health. Therefore, this work aimed to produce a probiotic product for use in animal feed by fed-batch fermentation of whey with a combination of kefir grains, AGK1, and the fermented whole milk used to activate these kefir grains. The probiotic culture obtained was characterized by high levels of biomass (8.03 g/L), total viability (3.6 × 108 CFU/mL) and antibacterial activity (28.26 Activity Units/mL). Some probiotic properties of the probiotic culture were investigated in vitro, including its survival at low pH values, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, after freezing in skim milk at −20 °C, and in the commercial feed during storage at room temperature. The viable cells of lactic and acetic acid bacteria and yeasts exhibited higher tolerance to acidic pH and simulated gastrointestinal conditions when the cells were protected with skim milk and piglet feed, compared with washed cells. The results indicated the feasibility of producing a probiotic product at a low cost with a potential application in animal feed.

scholarly journals Production of a Potentially Probiotic Product for Animal Feed and Evaluation of Some of Its Probiotic Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Agregán-Pérez ◽  
Elisa Alonso-González ◽  
Juan Carlos Mejuto ◽  
Nelson Pérez-Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Product ◽  
Kefir Grains

Nowadays, probiotics has been proposed for substituting antibiotics in animal feed, since the European Union (EU) banned the latter compounds in 2006 to avoid their serious side effects on human health. Therefore, this work aimed to produce a probiotic product by fed-fermentation of whey with kefir grains for use in animal feed. The whey was fermented with a combination of kefir grains AGK1 and the free biomass present in whole milk fermented milk used to activate these kefir grains. The probiotic culture obtained was characterized with high levels of biomass, total viability and antibacterial activity. Some probiotic properties of the probiotic culture were investigated in vitro, including its survival at low pH values, under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, after freezing in skim milk at − 20 ºC, and in the commercial feed during storage at room temperature. The viable cells of lactic and acetic acid bacteria and yeasts exhibited higher tolerance to acidic pH and simulated gastrointestinal conditions when the cells were protected with skim milk and piglet feed, compared with washed cells. The results indicated the feasibility of producing a probiotic product at a low cost with a potential application in animal feed.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Dalam Teknologi Pakan Dan Pengolahan Limbah Ternak Pada Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong Di Desa Mattirowalie, Kec. Libureng, Kab. Bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Said ◽  
Muhammad Hatta ◽  
St. Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Technology Introduction ◽  
Fermentation Technology

Knowledge of animal feed and waste is an important component in building the livestock industry. The aspectof availability of feed and the production of livestock waste is one of the problems by cattle farmers in MattirowalieVillage, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. Efforts to increase the capacity of farmers in solving these problems areneeded to increase the productivity of their livestock. This program aims to increase knowledge for farmers of beef cattlein processing agricultural and livestock waste into feed products and processing them into organic fertilizer. This activityis an implementation of the Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Unhas (PPMU) Program Kemitraan Masyarakat(PKM). This activity was carried out in Mattirowalie Village, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. The partner groupsinvolved as targets were the "Kurusumange" and "Masempo Dalle" farmers group (FG). The number of trainingparticipants involved in this activity is approximately 25 peoples, overall were cattle farmers with 2-3 cattle/person. Theimplementation of technology introduction programs was carried out in the form of training programs and technologyassistance. Several technology packages that have been implemented were: 1) ammoniation technology, 2) complete feedsilage fermentation technology, 3) manufacturing of local microorganism (LM) technology and 4) Urea Molasses Block(UMB) manufacturing technology. The results of the implementation of activities to increase the capacity of partnermembers in processing agricultural waste and livestock into alternative animal feed and organic fertilizer

Feasibility of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Wagner ◽  
S. Ramaswamy ◽  
U. Tschirner
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
On Farm ◽  
And Storage

AbstractA pre-economic feasibility study was undertaken to determine the potential of cereal straw for industrial utilization in Minnesota. Specifically, utilizing straw for pulp and paper manufacture was of interest. The availability of cereal straw fiber supplies at various locations across the state of Minnesota, along with pre-processing issues such as transportation, harvesting, handling, and storage, are discussed and priced. The greatest economic advantage of straw for industrial use appears to be the low cost of the raw material compared to traditional raw materials. This also provides an excellent opportunity for additional income for farmers. The methodology and information provided here should be helpful in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing straw for other industrial purposes in other parts of the world. However, in some Third World countries, long-standing on-farm, traditional uses of cereal straws for fuel, fiber, and animal feed may limit their availability for industrial utilization.

scholarly journals Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Imteyaz Alam ◽  
Aparna Dixit ◽  
G. S. N. Reddy ◽  
S. Dube ◽  
Meehir Palit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Obligately Anaerobic ◽  
Schirmacher Oasis ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Clostridium Subterminale

A novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated AP15T, was isolated from lake sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 °C in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0·5 % tryptone and peptone. The strain grew optimally at a pH around 8·0 and tolerated NaCl up to a concentration of 7·5 %. It contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Several amino acids, including arginine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and serine, supported growth. Glutamate was degraded to acetate, propionate, CO2 and H2. In addition, the strain degraded carbohydrates including glucose, raffinose, adonitol, ribose and rhamnose. The main fermentation products during growth on glucose were H2, CO2, formate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. The DNA G+C content of the bacterium was 24 mol%. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strain AP15T is identified as a close relative of Clostridium subterminale ATCC 25774T, with which it shares 99·5 % similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level; however, it exhibits a low DNA–DNA binding value (55 %) to this strain at the whole-genome level. In addition to showing other major differences with respect to C. subterminale and other members of the genus Clostridium, AP15T also exhibits phenotypic differences. On the basis of these differences, strain AP15T is identified as representing a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP15T (=DSM 17394T=JCM 13289T).

scholarly journals Duckweed: The hidden treasure

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sasinath Jha ◽  
Bindu Pokharel (Bhattarai)
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Model System ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Environmental Requirements

In recent years, the tiny aquatic angiospermic plants ‘duckweeds’ have become prominent because they provide high protein animal feed, organic fertilizer, bio-fuel; control mosquitoes; and, have great applicability in wastewater purification, toxicity testing, and in basic research and evolutionary model system. In the aforesaid context, this presentation deals in brief with general characteristics, distribution, environmental requirements, aquaculture, and some uses of duckweeds.

The double and triple role of L-(+)-tartaric acid and dimethyl urea: A prevailing green approach in organic synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Ali ◽  
Ajay Kumar Chinnam ◽  
Vikas R. Aswar
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Dimethyl Urea ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

: The deep eutectic mixtures (DESs), introduced as novel alternative to usual volatile organic solvents for organic transformations has attracted a tremendous attention of the research community because of their low cost, negligible vapour pressure, low toxicity, biodegradability, recyclability, insensitive towards moisture, and readily availability from bulk renewable resources. Although, the low melting mixture of dimethyl urea (DMU)/L-(+)-tartaric acid (TA) is still infancy yet much effective as it play double and triple roles such as solvent, catalyst and/or reagent in a same pot for many crucial organic transformations. These unique properties of DMU/TA mixture prompted us to provide a quick overview of where the field stands presently, and where it might be going in near future. To our best knowledge, no review dealing with the applications of a low melting mixture of DMU/TA appeared in the literature except the one published in 2017 describing only the chemistry of indole systems. Therefore, we intended to reveal the developments of this versatile low melting mixture in the modern organic synthesis since its first report in 2011 by Köenig’s team to till date. Hopefully, the present review article will be useful to the researcher working not only in the arena of synthetic organic chemistry but also to the scientists working in other branches of science and technology.

Waterborne reduced graphene oxide dispersed bio-polyesteramide nanocomposites: an approach towards eco-friendly anticorrosive coatings

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 4706-4720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Irfan ◽  
Shahidul Islam Bhat ◽  
Sharif Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Anticorrosive Coatings ◽  
Reduced Graphene

RGO dispersed waterborne soy polyester amide nanocomposites were formulated utilizing a solventless VOC free green approach for use as low cost anticorrosive coatings.

scholarly journals A Sensitive and Inexpensive Yeast Bioassay for the Mycotoxin Zearalenone and Other Compounds with Estrogenic Activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Mitterbauer ◽  
Hanna Weindorfer ◽  
Naser Safaie ◽  
Rudolf Krska ◽  
Marc Lemmens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Indicator Strain ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pyrimidine Salvage

ABSTRACT Zearalenone (ZON) is a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by plant-pathogenic species of Fusarium. As a consequence of infection with Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, ZON can be found in cereals and derived food products. Since ZON is suspected to be a cause of human disease, including premature puberty syndrome, as well as hyperestrogenism in farm animals, several countries have established monitoring programs and guidelines for ZON levels in grain intended for human consumption and animal feed. We developed a low-cost method for monitoring ZON contamination in grain based on a sensitive yeast bioassay. The indicator Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain YZRM7 is unable to grow unless an engineered pyrimidine biosynthetic gene is activated by the expressed human estrogen receptor in the presence of exogenous estrogenic substances. Deletion of the genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters Pdr5p and Snq2p increases net ZON uptake synergistically. Less than 1 μg of ZON per liter of medium is sufficient to allow growth of the indicator strain. To prevent interference with pyrimidines potentially present in biological samples, we also disrupted the genes FUR1 and URK1, blocking the pyrimidine salvage pathway. The bioassay strain YZRM7 allows qualitative detection and quantification of total estrogenic activity in cereal extracts without requiring further cleanup steps. Its high sensitivity makes this assay suitable for low-cost monitoring of contamination of maize and small grain cereals with estrogenic Fusarium mycotxins.

2 BOVINE EMBRYONIC STEM-LIKE CELLS DERIVED FROM IN VITRO-PRODUCED BLASTOCYSTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Y. S. Bogliotti ◽  
J. Wu ◽  
M. Vilariño ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
J. C. Belmonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Culture Dish ◽  
Rock Inhibitor ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation blastocysts. To date, it has been challenging to establish pluripotent ESC lines for domestic animals, which could be important for biotechnological applications, such as genetic engineering and SCNT, and biomedical research. The aim of this work was to derive and characterise bovine embryonic stem-like cells (bESC) from in vitro-produced bovine blastocysts. Embryos were produced by in vitro fertilization of in vitro-matured oocytes aspirated from abattoir ovaries and cultured in groups of 25 in 50-μL drops of KSOM (Evolve, Zenith Biotech) with 4 mg mL−1 BSA for 7 days until they reached the blastocyst stage (Ross et al., 2009 Reproduction 137, 427–437). At that point, the zona pellucida (ZP) was removed using 1 mg mL−1 Pronase (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and ZP-free blastocysts were washed 6 times in SOF-HEPES. Three derivation approaches were tested: ZP-free whole blastocysts, mechanically isolated ICM, and immunosurgery-derived ICM. In each case, individual blastocysts/ICM were placed in 1 well of a 12-well dish seeded with a monolayer of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and cultured in mTeSR1 basal medium (without growth factors) supplemented with 20 ng mL−1 FGF2 and 2.5 μM IWR1 (CTFR) (Wu et al. 2015 Nature 521, 316–321). After 48 h, blastocysts/ICM that failed to adhere were physically pressed against the bottom of the culture dish with a 22-gauge needle under a stereoscope to aid attachment. Thereafter, the media was changed daily. Outgrowths (after 6–7 days in culture) were dissociated and passaged using TrypLE and re-seeded in the presence of ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632, 10 μM) onto newly prepared wells containing MEF. Established bESC lines were cultured on MEF and passaged every 4 to 5 days at a 1:10 split ratio. The bESC lines were characterised by immunofluorescence (IF), RNA-seq, and teratoma formation. The efficiency of cell line derivation (evaluated at passage 3) was similar for the 3 approaches: whole blastocysts (9/16, 56.3%), mechanical ICM isolation (7/12, 58.3%), and immunosurgical ICM isolation (7/16, 43.8%). The bESC were passaged and cultured long-term (more than 15 passages) and were subjected to several rounds of freezing and thawing while retaining their morphology and characteristics. IF analysis showed that long-term cultured bESC expressed the markers SOX2 and OCT4 (pluripotency), but did not express CDX2 (trophectoderm) or GATA6 (primitive endoderm). RNAseq analysis of 2 bESC lines showed that ICM markers (POU5F1, NANOG, SOX2, LIN28B, DNAMT3B, UTF1, SALL4) were expressed (RPKM > 0.4), while trophectoderm markers (CDX2, GATA2, GATA3, FGF4, TFAP2A) and primitive endoderm markers (GATA6, HNF4A) were not expressed (RPKM < 0.4). Finally, bESC lines (n = 2) were able to form teratomas in immunodeficient mice. The teratomas contained tissues representative of the 3 germ lineages and expressed lineage-specific markers (ectoderm: TUJ1, endoderm: FOXA2, and mesoderm: ASM). In conclusion, the culture condition used in this work (CTFR) enables robust derivation and long-term in vitro propagation of pluripotent bESC.

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