scholarly journals Budget Evaluation and Economic Development in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Christy Twaliwi ◽  
Georgina Obinne Ugwuanyi ◽  
Udeme Okon Efanga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Capital Budget ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government ◽  
Budget Evaluation

The major goal of this research was to see how budget assessment affected Nigeria's economic progress. The inspiration stemmed from a number of inconsistencies in the Nigerian economy's budget preparation and execution. This study employed an ex-post-facto design, with data gathered from the Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and the Federal Ministry of Finance for analysis. A model based on empirical and theoretical reviews was developed to attain this wide purpose. The model's dependent variable was the Human Development Index (HDI), while the model's independent variables were the government's capital budget, recurrent budget, and yearly budget implementation rate. To evaluate data, the researchers used the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model. Budget assessment had a favorable and considerable influence on Nigeria's economic progress, according to the inferential findings. According to the report, Nigeria's government should make an effort to raise capital and recurring expenditures in its yearly budget, since both have a substantial influence on economic development. Finally, the government should make an effort to put in place effective budget monitoring and assessment equipment that will increase the rate of budget implementation while simultaneously ensuring strict adherence to due process.

scholarly journals An Empirical Evaluation of Budget Implementation on Economic Development in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-116
Author(s):  
Okafor M. C ◽  
Raphael S Etim ◽  
Udeme Okon Efanga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Capital Budget ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Budget Evaluation

One of the primary goals of this study was to explore how a budget review approach may affect Nigeria's economic development. The reasoning was that the Nigerian economy was being challenged by a variety of imbalances in budget creation and implementation. The study strategy was based on events that occurred after the study was completed, and the data used in the study came from the Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and the Federal Ministry of Finance. A model was constructed based on both empirical and theoretical investigations in order to achieve this broad goal. The HDI, which was utilized as a measure of development, was the dependent variable in the model. The government's capital budget, recurrent budget, and the speed of annual budget implementation were the other independent variables in the model. They examined data using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model, diagnostic tests such as the test of normality, auto correlation test, and heteroskedasticity test, which proved the validity and reliability of the model they chose; inferential results reveal that the use of budget evaluation had a positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. According to the study's suggestions, Nigeria's government should try to increase capital and recurrent expenditures in its annual budget, both of which have a significant impact on economic development. Finally, the government should work to build budget monitoring and review infrastructure that will aid in the effective implementation of large budget expenditures while also ensuring compliance with legal procedures.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Government Revenue and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Fineboy Ikechi Joseph ◽  
Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Secondary Form ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of the study is to examine the relationship between government revenues and the economic growth of Nigeria. The study employs exploratory and ex-post facto research designs while using secondary form of data spanning from 1981 to 2018 collected from the Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS), National Bureau of Statistics and CBN statistical bulletin. The relationship is tested by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique. The result reveals that federally received revenue and Value Added Tax (VAT) have a moderate positive relationship with the economic growth. The study provides evidence that there is a need for the government to formulate relevant revenue policies that will boost government income in order to have more favourable implication on the economy.

scholarly journals Educational Level and Tax Compliance: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Stanley Ogoun ◽  
Godspower Anthony Ekpulu
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government

The study interrogates the relationship between educational level and tax compliance in Nigeria. The study employs the ex post facto research design to ascertain how government investment in education enhances tax compliance. The study covers 17 years (2002-2018) for both tax revenue (a surrogate for tax compliance) and education expenditure (a surrogate for educational level). From the empirical results, the study concludes that there is a positive nexus between government expenditure on education and tax revenue. The study, therefore, recommends that as a matter of necessity, the government should invest more in the overall educational demand of her citizens not only from tax revenues but from other oil and non-oil sources. The governments, from the federal and state levels, should act as a matter national priority endeavour to meet up with the international budgetary benchmark allocation for education, as recommended by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in its Education for All (EFA) document 2000-2015. This will give Nigerians more access to quality education that would result in moving up the global ranking in HDI with its resultant benefits.

Challenging the Punitiveness of “New-Generation” Sorn Laws

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offender ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
Circuit Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
New Generation

Sex offender registration and notification (SORN) laws have been in effect nationwide since the 1990s, and publicly available registries today contain information on hundreds of thousands of individuals. To date, most courts, including the Supreme Court in 2003, have concluded that the laws are regulatory, not punitive, in nature, allowing them to be applied retroactively consistent with the Ex Post Facto Clause. Recently, however, several state supreme courts, as well as the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, addressing challenges lodged against new-generation SORN laws of a considerably more onerous and expansive character, have granted relief, concluding that the laws are punitive in effect. This article examines these decisions, which are distinct not only for their results, but also for the courts’ decidedly more critical scrutiny of the justifications, purposes, and efficacy of SORN laws. The implications of the latter development in particular could well lay the groundwork for a broader challenge against the laws, including one sounding in substantive due process, which unlike ex post facto–based litigation would affect the viability of SORN vis-à-vis current and future potential registrants.

scholarly journals Examining the Influence of Individual Guidance and Counseling Services on the Self-Efficacy of Children Living in Orphanages in Bungoma County

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Benson M. Nasongo; James Kay; Bernard Chemwei
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of individual guidance and counselling services on the self-efficacy of orphaned children living in orphanages in Bungoma County. The researcher adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of the study was 2132 orphans in the 20 orphanages. 280 of the orphans in all the 20 orphanages were interviewed. One (1) caregiver and one (1) administrator (again per orphanage) were interviewed. Out of a total of 20 Children’s Homes in Bungoma County, the researcher purposively sampled 280 orphans that were interviewed. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect data from the respondents who included the orphans, orphanages administrators and caregivers. The self-efficacy scale of 1-4 was converted to between 0-100. The data was prepared, coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Strict ethical considerations were observed during the study. The study established that there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy of orphaned children and individual guidance and counselling services. The study’s recommendations were that the government should come up with policies to guide all the orphanages in Kenya, including the process of guiding and counselling. Every orphanage should also engage the services of a qualified guiding and counselling specialist for the orphans and should be paid well to avoid high turnover. Individual guiding and counselling services should be encouraged in orphanages as they are effective. They help the orphans open up and share challenges and enable them to solve serious life’s challenges.

scholarly journals ISLAMIC ECONOMIC MODEL IN REDUCING GAP OF GROWTH AND UNEMPLOYEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-120
Author(s):  
Sumar’in Sumar’in ◽  
Iwan Kusnadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
The People ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Islamic Economic

The theme of the article is based on economic principles of Islam. The purpose of research is to see economic development in the perspective of the Islamic economy especially research aims to analyze the effect of economic growth and unemployment in Indonesia period 1998-2017, a perspective of the Islamic economy. Economic development is one of the strategies to achieve the goals aspired nation. The goal is how poverty, unemployment, economic disparity and social resolved so as to realize human welfare. But in fact, the construction of which is expected to have an influence on society has not caused yet siding with the people. Increased poverty and unemployment occur. This type of research is an ex post facto. Technical documentation was applied for searching the data from Statistics Central Board, Indonesia Bank, BAPPENAS in Indonesia. Data analysis technique was Regression. Data analysis shows that: there is a negative influence toward economic growth in the rate of Indonesia and unemployment in 1998-2018. Economic development in Islamic economy perspective focus to three elements such as forbidden interest (ribā) as instrument financial, optimization zakat and characteristics of an element of spiritual, moral, and material, and activities tend to be multidimensional so that all business submitted to balance a variety of factors and does not cause inequality.

scholarly journals Mono Economy Syndrome of Nigeria: Reposition of Manufacturing Sector for Sustainable Diversification and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
S. Samuel Idowu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Global Campaign ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Political Governance

The study examines Nigeria challenge of the mono-culture economy due to an overreliance on oil, and coupled with the threat been stranded arising from the global campaign and signed Paris agreement in 2015 is an economic risk that could jeopardize her economic development. Answers to why the manufacturing sector has occupied a peripheral position in the Nigeria’s economic development aspiration question alongside the overarching goal of articulating pragmatic mediums and approaches for revamping the manufacturing industry from the encumbrances hindering its full capacity functioning. This research was undertaken to examine the manufacturing sector as an alternative to Nigeria’s petroleum dependence economy by dissecting its problems and how-to repositioning it for a viable diversification. The ex-post facto research method was adopted using impeccable secondary data sources. Insecurity and poor political governance were among other impediments to the manufacturing optimum performance, and strengthening the political institution for an all-inclusive government, amongst others, is proffered as panacea.

scholarly journals Impact of Indias Export on Indian GDP after Liberalisation

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
CA Naveen Kumar Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Economic and political policy interventions were reflected on the economic development of the countries with respect to improving economic and social well-being of poor, market productivity and considerable growth rate in GDP. Specifically, in Indian context, these economic decisions have been a considerable influence on inclusive growth of the nation. It is evidence that India embarked on economic reforms in July, 1991, from the effect of a balance of payment crisis. The government initiated economic reforms basically is to provide an environment of sustainable growth and stability. Thereby the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) system has come to the picture for economic progress of the country. Thepresent study investigates the linkage between foreign trade trends of India and its economic development in the light of economic reforms in India since 25 years (1991-2016). The outcomes of the study strongly support that there is a causal relationship between exports to GDP and GDP to exports and also causality between imports to exports in India.

Entrepreneurial Behavior of Piggery Trainees of Pashu-Vigyan Incubator

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
Akriti Anna ◽  
B. P. Singh ◽  
Mahesh Chander ◽  
M. P. Sagar ◽  
R. S. Suman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Entrepreneurship as a dynamic and innovative process of a country’s development hasbecome a prerequisite for supporting the government of India’s ambitious flagship programof ‘Atm-nirbhar Bharat”. The study is an ex-post facto research to ascertain theentrepreneurial behavior of the trainees who attended the entrepreneurship developmentprogramme on piggery at agri-business incubator ICAR-IVRI (Pashu-Vigyan Incubator). Apurposive sampling technique was used to select 80 trainees starting their piggeryenterprises. The data were collected through mailed e-questionnaire and telephonic follow-up. The entrepreneurial behavior was determined on nine dimensions and majority of thetrainees showed a high level of ‘cosmopoliteness’, ‘achievement motivation’, ‘riskorientation’ and coordinating ability but possessed medium level ‘information seekingbehavior’, ‘self-confidence’, ‘innovativeness’, ‘planning ability’. The entrepreneurialbehavior showed positive and significant correlation with their experience in piggery, attitudetowards scientific piggery farming, social participation, education and income. Overall highmean entrepreneurial behavior index was observed indicating a positive effect of theEntrepreneurship Development Program.

ACCREDITATION ON TEACHER’S PERFORMANCE AND MADRASAH NATIONAL EXAMINATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Firdaus Basuni
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Examination Score ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Many efforts have been done by the government to improve the quality of education and one of them is accreditation program. This research is focused to identify the impact of accreditation on teachers’ performance and national examination score of Madrasah. The research used an ex post facto method to analyze past events and their time order to find out the influencing factors. The population of this study was 8.844 madrasah located in provinces of DKI Jakarta, Central Java, South Sulawesi, and South Sumatera. Using purposive sampling technique, 202 teachers from 73 madrasah representing those from the provinces mentioned were taken as the samples. Data analysis and interpretation suggest that: (1) From accreditation status point of view, there was no significant difference between teachers’ performances of accredited madrasah and those from non-accredited ones, (2) There was a significant difference between the teachers’ performance judging from the accreditation level point of view (on the scale of A, B, C, or D), between the teachers’ performance of madrasahs with A accreditation and B accreditation; and between the teachers’ performance of madrasah with A accreditation and C accreditation, (3) There was no significant differences between the teachers’ performance of madrasah with B accreditation and C accreditation, (4) there was a significant difference between the national examination score of accredited madrasah and the non-accreditation ones, and (5) There was no significant difference between national examination score of madrasahs with different accreditation scale of level (A, B, C, or D). Shortly, the accreditation has more influence on the teachers’ performances than on the national examination scores.

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