scholarly journals Advanced Sensor For Monitoring Buoy System Marine Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 290-297
Author(s):  
Ms. Merena S ◽  
Ms. Poovizhi K
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Information Recording ◽  
Sensor Properties ◽  
Moving Domain ◽  
New Methodologies ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Sensor Temperature

Monitoring of marine ecosystems is essential to identify the parameters of condition. Ongoing advances utilized in senor innovation have been controlled by observing rapid and ease electronic circuits, novel sign handling techniques and imaginative advances in assembling advances. The information got from the sensors used to screen the advancement of numerical models with which to foresee the conduct of states of the water, the ocean bed and the living creatures inhabiting it. Potential field of digital signal preparing includes new methodologies for the improvement of sensor properties. In this paper proposed method are Multi-sensor buoy systems. The chance of use in beach front shallow-water marine conditions, appropriate measurements for arrangement and steadiness of the sensor framework in a moving domain like the ocean bed, and absolute independence of intensity flexibly and information recording .The buoy system has successfully performed remote monitoring of temperature and marine pressure (SBE 41CP sensor), temperature(MCP9700 sensor), atmospheric pressure (YOUNG 61302L sensor), Wind speed (DNA802sensor), and Wind direction (DNA821 sensor). Wind display and signal conditioning (meteorological translator 05603C interface). Measurement values or a decision than usually used threshold base algorithms. The watched future advancement patterns are: the scaling down of sensors and segments, the inescapable utilization of multi-sensor frameworks and the expanding significance of radio remote and self-governing sensors.

scholarly journals Spectral variability in high frequency in sea level and atmospheric pressure on Buenos Aires Coast, Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iael Perez ◽  
Dragani Walter
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Wave ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Waves ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity ◽  
Low Activity

Abstract There are some observational evidences which support that atmospheric gravity waves constitute an efficient forcing for meteorological tsunamis (meteotsunamis) along the coast of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Meteotsunamis and atmospheric gravity waves, which propagate simultaneously on the sea surface and the atmosphere, respectively, are typical examples of non-stationary geophysical signals. The variability of meteotsunamis and atmospheric gravity waves recorded at Mar del Plata was investigated in this paper. Results obtained in this work reinforce the idea of a cause (atmospheric gravity waves) effect (meteotsunami) relationship, because wavelet spectra obtained from both signals resulted quite similar. However, several very short episodes of mod-erate/low activity of atmospheric gravity waves were detected without detecting meteotsunami activity. On the other hand, it was found that atmospheric gravity wave spectral energy can appear in the wavelets as a single or multiple burst as relatively long and irregular events or as regular wave packets. Results obtained in this paper provide original spectral data about atmospheric gravity waves along the coast of Buenos Aires. This information is useful to be included in realistic numerical models in order to investigate the genesis of this complex atmosphere-ocean interaction.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME RADIO CLIMATIC FACTORS ON DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION SIGNAL IN A SAHEL SAVANNAH CITY OF NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Akinsanmi Akinbolati ◽  
Moses Oludare Ajewole
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Digital Terrestrial Television

This study investigates the effect of some radio climatic factors on the Received Signal Strength (RSS) of a Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast Station (DTTBS) in Katsina City, Nigeria. The RSS was measured at intervals along selected routes around the station using a digital signal strength meter.  GPS receiver was used to log the line of sight, geographic coordinates and heights of data points from the station. The atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity corresponding to data points were concurrently measured using a compact weather station whereas the corresponding surface radio refractivity (Ns) values were computed. Data were collected during dry and wet season months’ in the year 2017. Results shown that, Ns is inversely proportional to RSS irrespective of routes and seasons with correlation coefficients of -0.51 and -0.57 during dry and wet season months respectively. Higher mean value of, 358.50 (N-units) was deduced during wet compared to the dry season months of 301.20 (N-units). Average atmospheric pressure of 951.92 and 949.61 (hPa) and as well as humidity values of 32.25 and 77.93 %RH were deduced during dry and wet season months’ respectively. Findings also show that pressure is inversely proportional to RSS. The overall effects of pressure, temperature and humidity on RSS is better understood using the effect of Ns since the latter is derived from those parameters. This study concludes that the specified radio climatic factors have attenuation effect on UHF signal and should be put into consideration when planning link’s design and power budgets on the UHF band.  

scholarly journals Dynamics of an argon gas-embedded Z-pinch micro-channel as a function of the initial preionization

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-793
Author(s):  
T. Auguste ◽  
C. Chenais-Popovics ◽  
B. Etlicher ◽  
J.-C. Gauthier ◽  
J.-P. Geindre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Copper Target ◽  
Z Pinch

We have studied experimentally the relation between the preionization of a plasma micro-channel in Argon at atmospheric pressure and the dynamics of the discharge initiated by preionization. Preionization is obtained in two different ways: (a) injecting the soft X rays produced by a 3 J, 3 ns YAG laser focused on a copper target through a pinhole (b) direct focusing of a 4ω laser (0·26 μm) along the Argon column. Both experiments and simple numerical models are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Análise do Comportamento Elétrico e da Robustez à Radiação de Circuitos XOR em Tecnologia Nanométrica FinFET

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Neves de Mello Oliveira ◽  
Cristina Meinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Xor Gate ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
The Doors

Electronic circuits are becoming more susceptible to errorscaused by radiation due to scaling down technological nodeand high operating frequencies [4, 5, 11].This work presentsa comparative analysis of the sensitivity radiation fordifferent XOR gate topologies 16 nm. The doors wereimplemented considering two different devices:Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS bulk)and Fin Field-Effect Transistor (FinFET) and two logics:Complementary Logic (CMOS logic) and Logic PassageTransistor (PTL). To allow a more detailed comparison, thiswork also discusses the critical delay results, power and thePower-Delay Product (PDP), a metric that defines thepower dissipated by the circuit to perform an operation, foreach version of XOR. The doors PTL-based XORs showedsuperior improvements 13% for the critical delay and 11%for the PDP in relation to CMOS logic. The topologies of thePTL family still showed greater robustness against the effectsof radiation when compared to ports implemented withCMOS logic, with a Linear Energy Transfer (LET) beingalmost 30% higher for CMOS devices and approximately20% higher for FinFET devices. In addition, circuits basedon FinFET are about 70% faster, have a PDP 80% smallerand are approximately 300x more robust than CMOStechnology, with an improvement in the LET threshold ofboth logical families evaluated.

scholarly journals Review Chapter: Waste to Energy through Pyrolysis and Gasification in Brazil and Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Mayoral Chavando ◽  
Valter Silva ◽  
Danielle Regina Da Silva Guerra ◽  
Daniela Eusébio ◽  
João Sousa Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion

Millions of tons of forest residues, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste are generated in Latin America (LATAM) each year. Regularly, municipal solid waste is diverted to landfills or dumpsites. Meanwhile, forest and agricultural residues end up decomposing in the open air or burnt, releasing greenhouse gases. Those residues can be transformed into a set of energy vectors and organic/chemical products through thermochemical conversion processes, such as pyrolysis and gasification. This book chapter provides information on current examples of gasification on large scale in the world, which typically operate at 700°C, atmospheric pressure, and in a fluidized bed reactor. The produced gas is used for heat and energy generation. Whereas pyrolysis at a large scale operates around 500°C, atmospheric pressure, and in an inert atmosphere, using a fluidized bed reactor. The produced combustible liquid is used for heat and energy generation. The decision of using any of these technologies will depend on the nature and availability of residues, energy carries, techno-socio-economic aspects, and the local interest. In this regard, the particular situation of Brazil and Mexico is analyzed to implement these technologies. Its implementation could reduce the utilization of fossil fuels, generate extra income for small farmers or regions, and reduce the problem derived from the accumulation of residues. However, it is concluded that it is more convenient to use decentralized gasification and pyrolysis stations than full-scale processes, which could be an intermediate step to a large-scale process. The capabilities of numerical models to describe these processes are also provided to assess the potential composition of a gas produced from some biomass species available in these countries.

A High-Voltage Terminal for a Field-Emission Gun

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
N. F. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
High Coherence

A high-voltage terminal has been constructed for housing the various power supplies and metering circuits required by the field-emission gun (described elsewhere in these Proceedings) for the high-coherence microscope. The terminal is cylindrical in shape having a diameter of 14 inches and a length of 24 inches. It is completely enclosed by an aluminum housing filled with Freon-12 gas at essentially atmospheric pressure. The potential of the terminal relative to ground is, of course, equal to the accelerating potential of the microscope, which in the present case, is 150 kilovolts maximum.

Interactions Between Al and Cr Thin Films

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson ◽  
T. M. Reith ◽  
M. J. Sullivan ◽  
E. K. Brandis
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Intermetallic Formation ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Aluminum Silicon

Thin films of aluminum or aluminum-silicon can be used in conjunction with thin films of chromium in integrated electronic circuits. For some applications, these films exhibit undesirable reactions; in particular, intermetallic formation below 500 C must be inhibited or prevented. The Al films, being the principal current carriers in interconnective metal applications, are usually much thicker than the Cr; so one might expect Al-rich intermetallics to form when the processing temperature goes out of control. Unfortunately, the JCPDS and the literature do not contain enough data on the Al-rich phases CrAl7 and Cr2Al11, and the determination of these data was a secondary aim of this work.To define a matrix of Cr-Al diffusion couples, Cr-Al films were deposited with two sets of variables: Al or Al-Si, and broken vacuum or single pumpdown. All films were deposited on 2-1/4-inch thermally oxidized Si substrates. A 500-Å layer of Cr was deposited at 120 Å/min on substrates at room temperature, in a vacuum system that had been pumped to 2 x 10-6 Torr. Then, with or without vacuum break, a 1000-Å layer of Al or Al-Si was deposited at 35 Å/s, with the substrates still at room temperature.

Electron microscope characterization of MOCVD-grown gap layers on Si

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 724-725
Author(s):  
K.M. Jones ◽  
M.M. Al-Jassim ◽  
J.M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Lattice Match ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Good Lattice ◽  
Antiphase Domains

The epitaxial growth of III-V semiconductors on Si for integrated optoelectronic applications is currently of great interest. GaP, with a lattice constant close to that of Si, is an attractive buffer between Si and, for example, GaAsP. In spite of the good lattice match, the growth of device quality GaP on Si is not without difficulty. The formation of antiphase domains, the difficulty in cleaning the Si substrates prior to growth, and the poor layer morphology are some of the problems encountered. In this work, the structural perfection of GaP layers was investigated as a function of several process variables including growth rate and temperature, and Si substrate orientation. The GaP layers were grown in an atmospheric pressure metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) system using trimethylgallium and phosphine in H2. The Si substrates orientations used were (100), 2° off (100) towards (110), (111) and (211).

Microstructure and reactivity of small metal particles: The role of Ce additives

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
L.D. Schmidt ◽  
K. R. Krause ◽  
J. M. Schwartz ◽  
X. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Small Metal Particles

The evolution of microstructures of 10- to 100-Å diameter particles of Rh and Pt on SiO2 and Al2O3 following treatment in reducing, oxidizing, and reacting conditions have been characterized by TEM. We are able to transfer particles repeatedly between microscope and a reactor furnace so that the structural evolution of single particles can be examined following treatments in gases at atmospheric pressure. We are especially interested in the role of Ce additives on noble metals such as Pt and Rh. These systems are crucial in the automotive catalytic converter, and rare earths can significantly modify catalytic properties in many reactions. In particular, we are concerned with the oxidation state of Ce and its role in formation of mixed oxides with metals or with the support. For this we employ EELS in TEM, a technique uniquely suited to detect chemical shifts with ∼30Å resolution.

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