scholarly journals Research of microstructure and microbiological indicators of pasta products from non-traditional raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
A. A. Ospanov ◽  
A. K. Timurbekova ◽  
D. Nurdan ◽  
T. Sh. Askarova ◽  
B. D. Adilkhan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
The State ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Important Observation ◽  
Microbiological Indicators

Modern trends in the development of pasta production are based on the use of starch-containing raw materials for the production of medicinal and preventive pasta products. In this connection, an important observation is the state of protein and starch in pasta flour, which can be achieved by electron microscopy of the microstructure of macaroni products. Therefore, the study of microstructures and microbiological indicators of pasta from non-traditional raw materials will be relevant. The practical value of the research is characterized by improved consumer properties of pasta made from non-traditional raw materials. The novelty of the research is the development of scientific and technological bases for the production of pasta from non-traditional polycereal raw materials. The results obtained: the analysis of the obtained electronic micro-drawings showed that the microstructure of pasta from non-traditional raw materials corresponds to the standards in comparison with the control sample. The following types of mycotoxins were found in pasta from non-traditional raw materials in permitted quantities: aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, fumonisin, patulin, T-2. For example, the amount of zearalenone (mg/kg): in pasta according to recipe No. 1 – 0.0637, according to recipe No. 2 – 0.0251 and according to recipe No. 3 – 0.0758; in flour raw materials – according to recipe No. 1 – 0.1485, according to recipe No. 2 – 0.0261 and according to recipe No. 3 – 0.2.

Immunoassays for Analysis of Mycotoxins

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
FUN SUN CHU
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past

During the past few years, several laboratories have prepared specific antibodies against aflatoxins B1, M1, B2a and Q1, ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone. These antibodies were obtained from rabbits after immunizing with various mycotoxin-protein conjugates. With the availability of these antibodies, specific, simple and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures for monitoring mycotoxins and their metabolites in foods, feeds and body fluids have been developed. In this review, details are presented for the preparation of antibodies and the application of RIA and ELISA to determine aflatoxins B1 and M1, ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin in corn, peanuts, milk and other biological fluids. The sensitivity of ELISA for analysis of these mycotoxins in foods varied from 0.1 μg/L for aflatoxin M1 in milk to 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts. The advantages and disadvantages of ELISA for monitoring mycotoxins in foods and feeds are discussed. In addition, a description of recent progress on simplified clean-up procedures which may increase the sensitivity of immunoassays is presented.

scholarly journals Testing the extraction of 12 mycotoxins from aqueous solutions by insoluble beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Mohos ◽  
Zelma Faisal ◽  
Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl ◽  
Lajos Szente ◽  
Miklós Poór
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Beta Cyclodextrin ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

AbstractMycotoxins are toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi; they are common contaminants in numerous foods and beverages. Cyclodextrins are ring-shaped oligosaccharides, which can form host-guest type complexes with certain mycotoxins. Insoluble beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer (BBP) extracted successfully some mycotoxins (e.g., alternariol and zearalenone) from aqueous solutions, including beverages. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the ability of BBP to remove other 12 mycotoxins (including aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol) from different buffers (pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0). Our results showed that BBP can effectively extract citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, sterigmatocystin, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol at each pH tested. However, for the removal of ochratoxin A, BBP was far the most effective at pH 3.0. Based on these observations, BBP may be a suitable mycotoxin binder to extract certain mycotoxins from aqueous solutions for decontamination and/or for analytical purposes.

scholarly journals Occurrence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in maize silage in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Glamočić ◽  
Miroslava Polovinski Horvatović ◽  
Igor Jajić ◽  
Saša Krstović ◽  
Darko Guljaš
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract Silage made from the whole-plant maize is one of the most popular forages in Serbia. Consumption of maize silage by cows can be up to 30-35 kg/day. In Serbia in the few last years in the focus of the public and agriculture community were two mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and its metabolite aflatoxin M1 due to the outbreak of contaminated maize which affected the Balkans in 2012. Maize is regularly checked on the occurrence of aflatoxin B1, however forages are often neglected as a potential source of mycotoxins in the nutrition of dairy cattle. In this work, 48 samples of maize silage were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone. Samples were collected from three regions (Bačka, Banat and Srem) in Vojvodina. In all samples, at least one mycotoxin above the limit of quantification was measured. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 36 (75%) samples. In two samples from Banat, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 exceeded the maximum level (ML) set by Serbian regulation (30 µg/kg at moisture content of 12%). In seven samples, the concentration of aflatoxin B1 was above 20 µg/kg which is the EU regulated ML. Average concentration of ochratoxin A was 10.4 µg/kg, while the maximum measured value was 34.3 µg/kg. Maximum zearalenone content in all samples was 538 µg/kg while the average zearalenone concentration was 138 µg/kg. The results from this research point out that mycotoxin contaminated silage in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia can significantly contribute to daily intake of aflatoxin B1 in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Mycological and mycotoxicological analysis of a herb (oregano) used in meat industry

2005 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Vesna Jankovic ◽  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Marin Radmili
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Toxigenic Moulds

Raw materials used in meat industry can be contaminated with toxigenic moulds and mycotoxins. Such raw materials present a source of contamination of final products with these compounds. This paper gives a review of the presence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenon and moulds in five different samples of oregano.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Mycotoxins and Enterobacteriaceae of Cereal-Based Baby Foods Marketed in Turkey

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3040
Author(s):  
Buket Er Er Demirhan ◽  
Burak Demirhan
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Baby Foods ◽  
Mesophilic Bacteria ◽  
Classical Culture

In this study, a total of 85 cereal-based baby foods with or without milk (four different brands; A, B, C, and D) collected from Ankara local markets, Turkey were analyzed for mycotoxins, total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB), and Enterobacteriaceae contamination. Baby foods were analyzed for 12 toxicological important mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2; fumonisin B1 and B2; ochratoxin A; sterigmatocystin (STE); deoxynivalenol (DON); zearalenone (ZON); and T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin by LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method. In addition to these mycotoxins, the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was investigated in baby foods containing milk. The classical culture method was used for microbiological analysis. Consequently, at least one mycotoxin was detected in 69.41% of the total samples. The most frequently detected mycotoxins were STE (34.12%) and HT-2 (34.12%). However, AFM1 was not detected in any of the baby foods containing milk. Also, TAMB and Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 30.59% and 10.59% of samples, respectively. As a result, it was determined that the mycotoxin levels in the analyzed samples were in accordance with the mycotoxin levels specified in the Turkish Food Codex.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Reduction of Milk Contamination with Aflatoxin-M1 through Vaccination of Dairy Cattle with Aflatoxin-B1 Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
Before And After

Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxin derivatives, which is secreted in milk of dairy cattle fed on feed contaminated with Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). The current study was designed to prepare a vaccine against AFB1and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing or preventing secretion of AFM1 in milk. Aflatoxin-B1 was prepared, purified and transformed into oxime, then it was fixed on bovine serum albumins. The AFB1-BSA conjugate was adjuvanted with Gold Nano particles then Montanide ISA 206. The prepared vaccine was used for immunization of rabbits by S/c routes as 100 µg/dose and dairy cattle by I/M routes as 500 µg/dose. The vaccinated animals were boosted at 3 weeks post primary immunization. Serum samples were collected and examined for the anti-AFB1 using AGPT. A mean titer of 15.2 AGPU/ml was detected at 2 weeks post primary vaccination then significantly increased till reached to 76.8 AGPU/ml at 6 weeks post Booster vaccination. All vaccinated rabbits were challenged with dose of 0.3 mg AFB1 toxin/Kg. The vaccinated rabbit showed 100% protection and no AFB1 toxin residue was detected in their livers. Milk samples were collected from non-vaccinated and AFB1-immunized dairy cattle then examined with ELISA for quantitation of AFM1 residues before and after vaccination. The results showed that the prepared AFB1 vaccine was safe, potent and able to reduce AFM1 release in milk of vaccinated heifers by 70%. So the vaccination of lactating animals with the AFB1vaccine might represent a valid tool for the prevention of AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products.

Material costs in productural productivity structure: world trends and impact on development of the domestic economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
N. V. Firov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Material Costs

A comparative analysis of the prices of raw materials, fuel, electricity in Russia and Western countries, the dynamics of their growth and impact on the national economy. It is shown that in the interests of the country's economic development and improving the welfare of the population, it is necessary to use its natural resources more effectively, to pursue a more stringent and at the same time balanced policy to curb the growth of prices, taking into account the interests of the state and business.

scholarly journals Occurrence of mycotoxins in selected agricultural and commercial products available in eastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 653-664
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Aflatoxin B2

Abstract The objective of this study was the estimation of the content of 13 mycotoxins (diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, fusarenone X, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone) in various products from the eastern part of Poland. The content of mycotoxins in the analysed samples was assayed using the extraction method combined with HPLC-MS/MS analysis. We found mycotoxins in 25 of the 92 samples tested (27%). Contamination with mycotoxins was noted most frequently in samples of cereals – 56% – and also in samples of flour and cocoa, in which a content of mycotoxins was noted in 24 and 16% of the samples, respectively. The most frequently identified were the following – deoxynivalenol detected in 18 samples (72%), zearalenone detected in eight samples (32%), toxin HT-2 detected in four samples (16%), ochratoxin A identified in three samples (12%), and toxin T-2 detected in one sample (4%). In one analysed sample of mixed flour and in one analysed sample of wheat and rye flour, the maximum allowable concentration was exceeded in the case of two identified mycotoxins – deoxynivalenol (2,250 μg/kg) and ochratoxin A (15.6 and 17.1 μg/kg).

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