Management of Discolored Tooth with separated Instrument

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Aadit Anilkumar ◽  
Faisal Nazar ◽  
Ratheesh Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT Tooth discoloration commonly occurs after trauma to tooth, which leads to pulpal injury. Trauma to the pulpal blood vessel leads to hemorrhage and releases iron from hemoglobin. The iron which is released from hemoglobin combines with hydrogen sulfide to form iron sulfide, which gives the tooth its characteristic dark appearance. Tooth discoloration can be treated by nonvital tooth bleaching, if the tooth structure is intact. A combination of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate reduces the discoloration of the tooth by a process of oxidation. During root canal preparation procedures, the common mishap that occurs is instrument separation inside the root canal. The fractured fragment in the root canal can hinder proper preparation of root canal space. Continuous pain or discomfort may result if it is not removed or bypassed. It is more conservative to bypass the fractured instrument, particularly in cases where access to the fragment is restricted (apical one-third of canal or beyond the canal curvature) and its removal may lead to excessive removal of dentin with associated sequelae. How to cite this article Rajendran R, Nair KR, Kuriakose MC, Anilkumar A, Nazar F. Management of Discolored Tooth with separated Instrument. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(1):36-39.

scholarly journals Whitening of a Non-Vital Tooth with Walking Bleach Technique: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. CR1-CR5
Author(s):  
Deepika ◽  
Muhammad Mutiur Rahman ◽  
Ajay Kumar Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Oxidizing Agents ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Tooth Discoloration

A significant aspect of cosmetic dentistry is the treatment of tooth discoloration. Discoloration of non-vital anterior teeth can cause significant esthetic concern and requires efficient treatment. Discoloration of teeth can be extrinsic or intrinsic or a combination of both based on etiology, appearance, localization, and severity. Walking bleach involves the use of chemical substances like sodium perborate or hydrogen peroxide which in contact with the tooth release oxidizing agents that diffuse through the enamel and dentin and oxidize the pigments responsible for discoloration. This article aims at presenting a case series on the walking bleach method performed on discolored endodontically treated teeth associated with superior esthetic outcomes.

scholarly journals Graphene and Perovskite-Based Nanocomposite for Both Electrochemical and Gas Sensor Applications: An Overview

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6755
Author(s):  
Tse-Wei Chen ◽  
Rasu Ramachandran ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Ganesan Anushya ◽  
Kumarasamy Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Portable Sensor

Perovskite and graphene-based nanocomposites have attracted much attention and been proven as promising candidates for both gas (H2S and NH3) and electrochemical (H2O2, CH3OH and glucose) sensor applications. In this review, the development of portable sensor devices on the sensitivity, selectivity, cost effectiveness, and electrode stability of chemical and electrochemical applications is summarized. The authors are mainly focused on the common analytes in gas sensors such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and electrochemical sensors including non-enzymatic glucose, hydrazine, dopamine, and hydrogen peroxide. Finally, the article also addressed the stability of composite performance and outlined recent strategies for future sensor perspectives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of morphological and chemical alterations in enamel, dentin and cementum after internal bleaching technique using different bleaching agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Nadia De Souza Ferreira ◽  
Paula Elaine Cardoso ◽  
Natalia Passos Ferreira ◽  
Amanda Costa Corocher ◽  
Isabela Ferreira Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and chemical alterations in enamel, dentin and cementum after internal bleaching using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). <strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Seventy-two bovine incisor teeth were prepared, cut and bleached for 7 days as follows: HP: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel; HP+SP: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel + sodium perborate; CP: 37% carbamide peroxide gel; CP+SP: 37% carbamide peroxide gel + sodium perborate; SP: sodium perborate + water; and control: deionized water. The specimens were sectioned and prepared for morphological analysis under SEM and analysis of calcium, phosphorus, oxygen and carbon levels using EDS. <strong>Results</strong>: A significant reduction was found in the calcium levels in enamel after treatment with CP + SP and CP (p &lt; 0.05). Carbon (organic part) was hardly altered in enamel. A significant reduction in the calcium levels was found in dentin in Groups HP+SP, CP and CP+SP. Phosphorus levels increased after SP+H20 (p &lt; 0.05) and CP (p &lt; 0.05). Carbon levels showed little variation and the largest amount was found in Groups CP and CP+SP (p &lt; 0.05); in the other groups there was no alteration. A significant reduction in the calcium levels was found in the cementum in Group CP+SP (p &lt; 0.05). <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Alterations in the enamel, dentin and cementum compositions occurred after bleaching and these alterations showed to be less significant with sodium perborate and water.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Carbamide peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Scanning electron microscopy; Sodium perborate; Tooth bleaching.</p>

scholarly journals Tooth Bleaching—a Critical Review of the Biological Aspects

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Dahl ◽  
U. Pallesen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Root Resorption ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide

Present tooth-bleaching techniques are based upon hydrogen peroxide as the active agent. It is applied directly, or produced in a chemical reaction from sodium perborate or carbamide peroxide. More than 90% immediate success has been reported for intracoronal bleaching of non-vital teeth, and in the period of 1–8 years’ observation time, from 10 to 40% of the initially successfully treated teeth needed re-treatment. Cervical root resorption is a possible consequence of internal bleaching and is more frequently observed in teeth treated with the thermo-catalytic procedure. When the external tooth-bleaching technique is used, the first subjective change in tooth color may be observed after 2–4 nights of tooth bleaching, and more than 90% satisfactory results have been reported. Tooth sensitivity is a common side-effect of external tooth bleaching observed in 15%-78% of the patients, but clinical studies addressing the risk of other adverse effects are lacking. Direct contact with hydrogen peroxide induced genotoxic effects in bacteria and cultured cells, whereas the effect was reduced or abolished in the presence of metabolizing enzymes. Several tumor-promoting studies, including the hamster cheek pouch model, indicated that hydrogen peroxide might act as a promoter. Multiple exposures of hydrogen peroxide have resulted in localized effects on the gastric mucosa, decreased food consumption, reduced weight gain, and blood chemistry changes in mice and rats. Our risk assessment revealed that a sufficient safety level was not reached in certain clinical situations of external tooth bleaching, such as bleaching one tooth arch with 35% carbamide peroxide, using several applications per day of 22% carbamide peroxide, and bleaching both arches simultaneously with 22% carbamide peroxide. The recommendation is to avoid using concentrations higher than 10% carbamide peroxide when one performs external bleaching. We advocate a selective use of external tooth bleaching based on high ethical standards and professional judgment.

scholarly journals CLAREAMENTO DENTAL EM PACIENTES COM HIPERSENSIBILIDADE: SÉRIE DE CASOS

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Souza Castro ◽  
Clara Lemos Leal ◽  
Saryta Argolo ◽  
Juliana Felippi Azevedo ◽  
Paula Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Dentin Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Cases

The possibility of pain resultant from tooth bleaching can limit the indication of this treatment in patients with pre-existing dentin hypersensitivity. Purpose: To provide a case series with alternatives for tooth bleaching that might reduce the pos-operative sensibility. Description of cases: Three patients with dentin sensitivity and complaining of tooth discoloration were selected. For each patient, a technique for tooth bleaching was randomly selected; using 15-35% hydrogen peroxide, and application of an desensitizing agent before or after the bleaching (toothpaste or 2% potassium nitrate). Conclusion: Bleaching was successfully performed in the three clinical cases. However, the previous desensitization using the toothpaste resulted in greater comfort for the patient.

scholarly journals Perawatan Internal Bleaching Menggunakan Teknik Walking Bleach Pada Gigi Insisif Sentral Kanan Rahang Atas (Case Report)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Rudy Djuanda
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Cosmetic Problem

Tooth discoloration is defined as extrinsic or intrinsic staining based on localization and etiology, appearance, severity and adhesion to the tooth structure. Tooth discoloration is a cosmetic problem and the teeth whitening procedure is more conservative than the restorative method. Tooth discoloration, especially those treated endodontically is a matter of concern for patients and dentists. Among the various bleaching techniques, the technique of "walking bleach" with hydrogen peroxide stands out because of its superior aesthetic results with less side effects. This paper presents a case of tooth discoloration in non-vital teeth that was successfully bleached using the walking bleach method.

scholarly journals Effect of different concentrations of nanohydroxyapatite on tooth bleaching effectiveness and enamel bond strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Nobre Ferraz ◽  
Waldemir Francisco Vieira Júnior ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano ◽  
Maria Cecília Caldas Giorgi ◽  
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To evaluate the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide (35% HP) combined to different concentrations of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) on the effectiveness of dental bleaching (superficial enamel and deep dentin) and enamel bond strength. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: Fifty bovine dental specimens (5x5x2mm) were divided into 5 groups, according to the treatments (n = 10): no bleaching (negative control); 35% HP (positive control); 35% HP+ 5% nHA; 35% HP + 10% nHa; and 35% HP + 15% nHA. Three in-office bleaching sessions were made. The color analysis was performed on the enamel surface and the opposite dentin, using a spectrophotometer. The results were expressed in the CIE L*a*b* system. After this, the adhesive system was applied to the tooth structure, and the dental specimens received a composite restoration. The microshear bond strength test was performed 24 h after the restoration. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). <strong>Results</strong>: For the enamel color analysis, all bleached groups differed statistically from the unbleached group, with increasing L* values and decreasing b* values. The addition of different concentrations of nHA did not interfere with the bleaching effectiveness for the enamel and opposite dentin. For microshear bond strength, no statistically significant differences were presented between groups. The adhesive failure rate of the 35% HP + 10% nHA group was lower than the 35% HP group and similar to the negative control. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The addition of different concentrations of nHA in 35% of hydrogen peroxide did not interfere with the bleaching efficacy of enamel and deep dentin and did not affect the enamel bond strength after bleaching</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Enamel; Shear strength; Tooth bleaching.</p><div><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>

scholarly journals Effect of Er: YAG Laser on Microtensile Bond Strength of Bleached Dentin to Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Rezaei ◽  
Elham Aliasghar ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Rezvani ◽  
Nasim Chiniforush ◽  
Zohreh Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Microtensile Bond Strength ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laser Bleaching

Introduction: In non-vital tooth bleaching, dentin is in direct contact with the bleaching agent, 1 to 3-week delay is needed to eliminate free radicals from tooth structure. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of irradiation of Er: YAG laser on immediate microtensile bond strength of bleached dentin to composite. Methods: Sixty sounds human teeth were collected and randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15): no bleaching (NB), opalescence endo hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel bleaching, sodium perborate (SP) bleaching and laser bleaching with heydent gel (LB). The groups were divided into 3 subgroups (n=5): no surface treatment, Er: YAG laser irradiation and 10% sodium ascorbate (SA). All samples were restored and underwent microtensile bond strength testing. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way and two-way ANOVA. Results: Bond strength in NB-SA group had a significant difference with the NB group (P<0.05) while no significant difference was noted between NB and NB-Er groups (P=0.55). Application of SA and Er: YAG laser after bleaching with SP did not enhance the bond strength (P=0.07). Conclusion: Application of SA and Er: YAG laser after HP gel bleaching significantly enhanced the bond strength. Application of Er: YAG laser after internal bleaching with HP gel could enhance the bond strength.

scholarly journals Effects of Cold-Light Bleaching on Enamel Surface and Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Sibei Huo ◽  
Shiyu Liu ◽  
Ling Zou ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Force Microscopy

Tooth bleaching is becoming increasingly popular among patients with tooth staining, but the safety of bleaching agents on tooth structure has been questioned. Primarily thriving on the biofilm formation on enamel surface, Streptococcus mutans has been recognized as a major cariogenic bacterial species. The present study is aimed at investigating how cold-light bleaching would change enamel roughness and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Human premolars were divided into 72 enamel slices and allocated into 3 groups: (1) control, (2) cold-light bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Beyond™), and (3) 35% hydrogen peroxide (Beyond™) alone. Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans were cultivated on enamel slices in 5% CO2 ( v / v ) at 37°C for 1 day or 3 days. Enamel surfaces and biofilms were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to quantify the roughness of enamel surface, and the amounts of biofilms were measured by optical density of scattered biofilm and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Cold-light bleaching significantly increased ( p < 0.05 ) surface roughness of enamel compared to controls, but significantly inhibited ( p < 0.05 ) adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on enamel in the bacterial cultures of both 1 day and 3 days. In conclusion, cold-light bleaching could roughen enamel surface but inhibit Streptococcus mutans adhesion at the preliminary stage after the bleaching treatment.

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