scholarly journals Safeguards Assessment—2019 Update

Policy Papers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (041) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kabwe ◽  
Elie Chamoun ◽  
Riaan van Greuning ◽  
Mowele Mohlala ◽  
Julia Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Member Country ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Periodic Report ◽  
High Level ◽  
Assessment Reports ◽  
The Imf

Safeguards assessments are a key pillar of the risk management arrangements for IMF lending. Safeguards assessments aim to mitigate the risks of misuse of Fund resources and misreporting of program monetary data under Fund arrangements. Safeguards assessment reports are confidential and therefore the IMF Executive Board is provided with a periodic report on safeguards activities on a biennial basis, in addition to high-level summaries in member country staff reports on key findings and recommendations. This update on safeguards activity covers the period May 2017 to end-April 2019 (the period).

High Level Status Report to the IEO Evaluation of Fund's Recurring Issues

Policy Papers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Status Report ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Implementation Plan ◽  
Evaluation Committee ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
The Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Imf

This is a high-level report on progress in addressing recurring issues identified by the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO). The Board endorsed the proposal in the Chairman’s Summing Up for the Independent Evaluation Office Report on Recurring Issues from a Decade of Evaluation – Lessons for the IMF (BUFF/14/58, 6/11/14) that staff prepare a separate high-level report on the status of initiatives that address the recurring issues identified by the IEO, noting that the first staff report could be prepared within two years, followed by similar reports every five years thereafter. The September 2015 Management Implementation Plan set out the actions management would take to follow-up on the Board-endorsed recommendation. The IEO’s 2014 evaluation of Recurring Issues from a Decade of Evaluation: Lessons for the IMF identified five recurring issues: a) Executive Board guidance and oversight; b) Organizational silos; c) Attention to risks and uncertainty; d) Country and institutional context; and e) Evenhandedness. This high-level report provides a broad account of actions taken to address these recurring issues since the publication of the 2014 IEO report; it is not intended as an exhaustive account of initiatives undertaken. Takeaways. The report concludes that the Fund has made progress in addressing the recurring issues identified by the IEO, and acknowledges the need for taking actions on an ongoing basis to achieve the related objectives. The discussion of the Management Implementation Plan (MIP) left open the question of whether subsequent reports should be prepared, perhaps every five years. The Evaluation Committee concluded that the forthcoming external evaluation of the IEO could look at the monitoring mechanisms more holistically, to provide further input into considering whether or not to continue the preparation every five years of this high-level report.

The imf Conditionality in the Age of Post-National Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Belling ◽  
Lukáš Kollert ◽  
Martin Vojta
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Currency Union ◽  
Currency Unions ◽  
Monetary Unions ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Member States ◽  
Board Decision ◽  
Supranational Institutions ◽  
The Imf

Abstract The paper focuses on conditionality in imf programs for member states of monetary unions in light of the decision of the imf’s Executive Board on Program Design in Currency Unions (2018). Despite the growing importance of supranational institutions, the imf lacked until 2018 any explicit framework for imposing conditions on currency union bodies in cases where a member state of such a union requested an imf program. The aim of this paper is to assess the newly adopted imf approach to conditionality for currency union institutions based on the concept of “policy assurances” and to answer the question of whether the imf had authority to impose conditions on supranational institutions prior to the 2018 Board decision and whether the imf should in principle have such authority.

scholarly journals Identification and Qualitative Evaluation of Risk Factors in the Construction Projects in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Noor Aletby ◽  
Hafeth Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Risk Management Process ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Construction projects in Iraq face many dangers that cause exceeding the estimated cost of the project and not completing the project on time, and since the risk management process in construction projects is of great importance in controlling and reducing the impact of risks in construction projects, so it is necessary to identify these risks and evaluate them correctly in order to increase accuracy and the health of the subsequent stages of the risk management process in construction projects. This paper aims to identify the most important risks in construction projects in Iraq and to conduct a qualitative assessment of the identified risks and arrange them according to their importance. The researcher adopted the questionnaire method as a tool to determine the risks and used the technique of probability and effect matrix to conduct the qualitative assessment of the identified risks. The study found that there are 48 risk factors that constitute the most dangerous factor in construction projects in Iraq, and 10 of the determining factors were within the high level of risk, and at the forefront of which was the inability of the owner to finance the project.

A Multi-Agent-Based Research on Tourism Supply Chain Risk Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Biao ◽  
Wan Liang ◽  
Liang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Supply Chain Risk Management ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain

The high level of complexity of tourism supply chain and the inherent risks that exist in the demand and supply of resources are viewed as major limiting factors in achieving high level performance. Though emerging literature on risk management in tourism industry or its equivalent exists, progress in this area is uneven, as most research focuses on this problem from the traditional single business risk management perspective, without considering the entire range of different suppliers involved in the provision and consumption of tourism products. This study applies risk management theory to a new research perspective, which is tourism supply chain management (SCM). This paper develops a framework for the design of a multi-agent-based decision support system (DSS) based on multi-agent theory and technique, in order to manage disruptions and mitigate risks in tourism supply chain.

Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund, Forty First Issue Supplement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
Board Of Governors ◽  
The International Monetary Fund ◽  
Frequent Reference ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Imf

This volume is the Forty-First Issue of Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the IMF. It includes decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and the Board of Governors of the IMF, as well as selected documents, to which frequent reference is made in the current activities of the IMF. In addition, it includes certain documents relating to the IMF, the United Nations, and other international organizations. As with other recent issues, the number of decisions in force continues to increase, with the decision format tending to be longer given the use of summings up in lieu of formal decisions. Accordingly, it has become necessary to delete certain decisions that were included in earlier issues, that is, those that only completed or called for reviews of decisions, those that lapsed, and those that were superseded by more recent decisions. Wherever reference is made in these decisions and documents to a provision of the IMF’s Articles of Agreement or Rules and Regulations that has subsequently been renumbered by, or because of, the Second Amendment of the Fund’s Articles of Agreement (effective April 1, 1978), the corresponding provision currently in effect is cited in a footnote.

Risk Management Decisions and Organizational Structure in the Case of a Development Management Firm

2013 ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Large Scale Project

This case aims to analyze risk management practices of Millennium Development International (MDI) and suggest enhancements based on a theoretical framework derived from the literature while considering the implications to its organizational structure. Al-Shamiyah project in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is used as an example to illustrate the practices of MDI. Due to a high level of risk associated with large-scale development projects, it is argued that the traditional risk management approach is not convenient to the context of these projects. Each large-scale project has a high level of uniqueness that renders benchmarks generated out of previous projects obsolete. Hence, a reactive risk management approach is being promoted. For the purpose of optimizing this approach, engaging necessary experts and securing the presence of key decision makers in the process, the formulated system defines key milestones at which risks need to be assessed and proper decisions need to be taken.

The Content of IMF Staff Reports for Euro Area Countries

2014 ◽  
pp. 272-292
Author(s):  
Lena Golubovskaja
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Warning Tone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The Imf

This chapter analyzes the tone and information content of the two external policy reports of the Internal Monetary Fund (IMF), the IMF Article IV Staff Reports, and Executive Board Assessments for Euro area countries. In particular, the researchers create a tone measure denoted WARNING based on the existing DICTION 5.0 Hardship dictionary. This study finds that in the run-up to the current credit crises, average WARNING tone levels of Staff Reports for Slovenia, Luxembourg, Greece, and Malta are one standard deviation above the EMU sample mean; and for Spain and Belgium, they are one standard deviation below the mean value. Furthermore, on average for Staff Reports over the period 2005-2007, there are insignificant differences between the EMU sample mean and Staff Reports’ yearly averages. Researchers find the presence of a significantly increased level of WARNING tone in 2006 (compared to the previous year) for the IMF Article IV Staff Reports. There is also a systematic bias of WARNING scores for Executive Board Assessments versus WARNING scores for the Staff Reports.

Risk Management Decisions and Organizational Structure in the Case of a Development Management Firm

2016 ◽  
pp. 1220-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Large Scale Project

This case aims to analyze risk management practices of Millennium Development International (MDI) and suggest enhancements based on a theoretical framework derived from the literature while considering the implications to its organizational structure. Al-Shamiyah project in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, is used as an example to illustrate the practices of MDI. Due to a high level of risk associated with large-scale development projects, it is argued that the traditional risk management approach is not convenient to the context of these projects. Each large-scale project has a high level of uniqueness that renders benchmarks generated out of previous projects obsolete. Hence, a reactive risk management approach is being promoted. For the purpose of optimizing this approach, engaging necessary experts and securing the presence of key decision makers in the process, the formulated system defines key milestones at which risks need to be assessed and proper decisions need to be taken.

scholarly journals A New Card-Linked Loyalty Program: Estimated and Anticipated Benefits for Payment Transaction Parties

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1956
Author(s):  
Albert Sitek ◽  
Zbigniew Kotulski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Loyalty Program ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
High Level ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Impact

Electronic card payments are getting more and more popular, mainly because of their simplicity, convenience, processing time and high level of security. The fact that a single payment card is issued for a particular cardholder makes it possible to link a card to various services. In this paper, we investigated a usage of a payment card in the loyalty program that incorporates our Contextual Risk Management System (CRMS) to assure a novel intangible reward: Shorter transaction processing time. In the beginning, we emphasize the importance of soft benefits in modern loyalty programs and recall the risk management algorithms and the reputation system that has been used in the CRMS. Then, using an extensive dataset of 2.5 million payment transaction traces (collected within a year from 68 terminals) we estimate potential benefits for merchants and cardholders and try to predict an effect of this system for the future. We also discuss the impact of this system on the real and user-perceived security level.

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