scholarly journals Formulation of a novel anti-human bone tumor supplement by silver nanoparticles green-synthesized using Nigella sativa leaf aqueous extract

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijiang Huang ◽  
Ruimin Xu ◽  
Pei Fan ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Daosen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bone Tumor ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Dpph Test

IntroductionIn the present research, we formulated a modern chemotherapeutic drug by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) containing Nigella sativa aqueous extract for the treatment of bone tumor.Material and methodsCharacterization of AgNPs was done by UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). For investigating the antioxidant properties of AgNO3, N. sativa, and AgNPs, the DPPH test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive control. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-bone tumor effects of AgNO3, N. sativa, and AgNPs, MTT assay was used on the human bone Ewing’s sarcoma (CADO-ES1 and MHH-ES1), human bone osteosarcoma (HOS and MG-63), and human bone chondrosarcoma (SW-1353 and CH-3573) cell lines.ResultsDPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for N. sativa, AgNPs, and butylated hydroxytoluene. Silver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-bone tumor properties dose-dependently against CADO-ES1, MHH-ES1, HOS, MG-63, SW-1353, and CH-3573 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line. The best result of anti-bone tumor properties of AgNPs against the above cell lines was seen in the case of the MG-63 cell line.ConclusionsAccording to the above findings, the silver nanoparticles containing N. sativa aqueous extract can be administrated in humans for the treatment of several types of bone tumors.

scholarly journals Anti-human ovarian cancer, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant effects of Nigella Sativa green-formulated Au nanoparticles: Describing a new chemotherapeutic supplement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Ruan ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Minyuan Wang ◽  
Weiwei Mo ◽  
Jichao Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Human Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs

IntroductionThe recent research showed that the Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) formulated with Nigella Sativa aqueous extract having potent antioxidant and anti-human ovarian cancer activities in vitro condition.Material and methodsFor determinate the properties of the GNPs that were produced from the reaction between gold chloride solution with aqueous Nigella Sativa extract, we used UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). For evaluating anti-ovarian cancer and cytotoxicity effects of GNPs, Au chloride, and Nigella Sativa aqueous extract, we used MTT assay.ResultsThe result of this test showed that GNPs have no cytotoxicity on normal cell line (HUVEC) and have potent anti-ovarian cancer features dose-dependently against PA-1, SK-OV-3, and SW-626 cell lines. The IC50 of GNPs were 249, 361, and 433 µg/mL against PA-1, SW-626, and SK-OV-3 cell lines, respectively. For evaluating the antioxidant features of GNPs, Au chloride, and Nigella Sativa aqueous extract, we used the DPPH test, in this test butylated hydroxytoluene was a positive control, the results of this test showed that the GNPs have an effective antioxidant feature. In the antioxidant test, the IC50 of GNPs and BHT were 144 and 201 µg/mL, respectively.ConclusionsProbably, potent anti-human ovarian cancer activities of GNPs formulated with Nigella Sativa aqueous seed extract because of antioxidant properties. After evaluating the effectiveness of this formulation in clinical trial researches, it can be a good alternative to chemotherapy drugs.

scholarly journals A comparative experiment on the anti-chronic myeloid leukemia capacities of AgNO3, ‎Scrophularia striata leaf aqueous extract, and silver nanoparticles containing natural ‎compounds ‎

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmei Ma ◽  
Maryam Behtash ◽  
Hadis Yari ◽  
Mohammad Karimian ◽  
Naser Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Blast Crisis ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scrophularia Striata

IntroductionIn the current study, silver nanoparticles were prepared and synthesized in aqueous medium using Scrophularia ‎striata leaf extract as stabilizing and reducing agents. Also, we investigated the anti-chronic myeloid leukemia ‎potentials of silver nanoparticles against BV173 (chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis), CML-T1 (chronic ‎myeloid leukemia in lymphoid blast crisis), EM-2 (chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis; relapse after bone ‎marrow transplantation), and JOSK-M (chronic myeloid leukemia in myelomonocytic) cell lines. ‎Material and methodsSilver nanoparticles were characterized and analyzed using common nanotechnology techniques including UV-‎Vis.‎‏ ‏and FT-IR Spectroscopy, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Transmission ‎Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectrometry (EDS). ‎ResultsFT-IR analysis offered antioxidant compounds in the nanoparticles were the sources of reducing power, ‎reducing silver ions to silver nanoparticles. FE-SEM and TEM images revealed a uniform spherical morphology ‎in size of 19.72 nm for the green synthesized nanoparticles. DPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials ‎for silver nanoparticles and butylated hydroxytoluene. Silver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-‎chronic myeloid leukemia properties dose-dependently against JOSK-M, EM-2, CML-T1, and BV173 cell lines ‎without any cytotoxicity on the HUVEC cell line. The best result of cytotoxicity properties of silver ‎nanoparticles against the above cell lines was observed in the case of CML-T1 cell line. ‎ConclusionsAfter confirming in the in vivo and clinical trial studies, these nanoparticles can be administrated in humans for ‎the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.‎

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization and investigation of the anti-‎human ovarian cancer of silver nanoparticles green-formulated by Salvia officinalis leaf ‎aqueous extract ‎

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danxia Luo ‎ ◽  
Arunachalam Chinnathambi ◽  
Tahani Awad Alahmadi ◽  
Prabakaran D.S. ◽  
Gaofeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Human Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ft Ir

IntroductionIn the present study, we decided to prepare and formulate a new chemotherapeutic drug (silver nanoparticles in ‎aqueous medium using Salvia officinalis leaf aqueous extract) for the treatment of human ovarian cancer in the in ‎vitro condition.Material and methodsThe organometallic chemistry tests such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–Visible Spectroscopy ‎‎(UV-Vis), and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were used for characterizing of silver ‎nanoparticles. For investigating the antioxidant potentials of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis aqueous extract, and ‎silver nanoparticles, the DPPH test was used in the presence of butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive ‎control. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human ovarian cancer activities of AgNO3, Salvia officinalis ‎aqueous extract, and silver nanoparticles, MTT assay was used on the human ovarian cancer cell lines i.e., Caov-‎‎3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1‎. ‎ResultsIn UV-Vis, the clear peak in the wavelength of 421 nm indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. In FT-IR ‎test, the presence of many antioxidant compounds with related bonds caused the excellent condition for ‎reducing of silver in the silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in ‎the concentration of 251 µg/mL. The best result of anti-human ovarian cancer effects of silver nanoparticles ‎against the above cell lines was observed in the case of the SK-OV-3 cell line. ‎ConclusionsSilver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-human ovarian cancer properties dose-dependently ‎against Caov-3‎, SK-OV-3, and PA-1 cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line (HUVECs). ‎

scholarly journals SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT EUPHORBIA CYATHOPHORA EXTRACT: BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Robert Lotha ◽  
Aravind Sivasubramanian ◽  
Meenakshi Sundaram Muthuraman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ht 29 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: The present study was aimed at the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of Euphorbia cyathophora leavesand testing their anticancer potential using HT-29 cell line model.Methods: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was obtained with the aqueous extract of E. cyathophora. The synthesized nanoparticles wereconfirmed initially by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Further, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-Ray diffractionstudies also ensured the presence of silver nanoparticles. Zeta potential studies revealed the stability of the silver nanoparticles.Results: Antioxidant and anticancer studies of the nanoparticles against HT-29 cell line exhibited remarkable results.Conclusion: This ensures that the synthesized nanoparticles play an important role in medicinal biology.

scholarly journals Introducing a novel chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of oral ‎squamous cell carcinoma‎: Silver nanoparticles green-formulated by ‎ ‎Matricaria chamomilla

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Mingguo Wang ◽  
Xiaoxia Ma ◽  
Qing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drug

IntroductionIn the present research, we formulated a modern chemotherapeutic drug by silver nanoparticles ‎‎(AgNPs) containing Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract for the treatment of oral squamous ‎cell carcinoma.Material and methodsCharacterization of AgNPs was done by UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier ‎Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and ‎Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). For investigating the antioxidant ‎properties of AgNO3, M. chamomilla, and AgNPs, the DPPH test was used in the presence of ‎butylated hydroxytoluene as the positive control. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-oral ‎squamous cell carcinoma effects of AgNO3, M. chamomilla, and AgNPs, MTT assay was used ‎on the HSC-4, Ca9-22, and HSC-3 cell lines. ‎ResultsDPPH test revealed similar antioxidant potentials for M. chamomilla‎, AgNPs, and butylated ‎hydroxytoluene. Silver nanoparticles had very low cell viability and anti-oral squamous cell ‎carcinoma properties dose-dependently against HSC-4, Ca9-22, and HSC-3 cell lines without ‎any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line. The best result of anti-oral squamous cell carcinoma ‎properties of AgNPs against the above cell lines was seen in the case of the HSC-3 cell line. ‎ConclusionsAccording to the above findings, the silver nanoparticles containing M. chamomilla aqueous ‎extract can be administrated in humans for the treatment of several types of oral squamous cell ‎carcinoma. ‎

scholarly journals Algae-meditated route to cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticle: differential expression profile of MALAT1 and GAS5 LncRNAs and cytotoxic effect in human breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Taherzadeh-Soureshjani ◽  
Mohammad Chehelgerdi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Normal Cell Line ◽  
Control Cell Line

Abstract Background Breast cancer (BC), as the most widely recognized disease in women worldwide, represents about 30% of all cancers impacting women. This study was aimed to synthesize Cu2O nanoparticles from the cystoseira myrica algae (CM-Cu2O NPs) assess their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. We evaluated the expression levels of lncRNAs (MALAT1 and GAS5) and apoptosis genes (p53, p27, bax, bcl2 and caspase3), their prognostic roles. Methods In this study, CM-Cu2O NPs synthesized by cystoseira myrica algae extraction used to evaluate its cytotoxicity and apoptotic properties on MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T-47D BC cell lines compared to HDF control cell line. The CM-Cu2O NPs was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of CM-Cu2O NPs was assessed against pathogenic bacteria, staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) PTCC 1112 bacteria as a standard gram-positive bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) PTCC 1310 as a standard gram-negative bacterium. Expression profile of MALAT1 and GAS5 lncRNAs and apoptosis genes, i.e., p27, bax, bcl2 and caspase3 genes, were calculated utilizing qRT-PCR. The changes in the expression levels were determined using the DDCT method. Results MALAT1 was upregulated in MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T-47D BC (p < 0.01), while GAS5 was downregulated in SKBR3 and T-47D cell lines tested compared with HDF control cell line (p < 0.05) was found. The results revealed that, p27, bax and caspase3 were significantly upregulated in BC cell lines as compared with normal cell line. Bcl2 expression was also significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cell lines compared with normal cell line, but bcl2 levels were downregulated in SKBR3 cell line. Conclusions Our results confirm the beneficial cytotoxic effects of green-synthesized CM-Cu2O NPs on BC cell lines. This nanoparticle decreased angiogenesis and induces apoptosis, so we conclude that CM-Cu2O NPs can be used as a supplemental drug in cancer treatments. Significantly, elevated circulating lncRNAs were demonstrated to be BC specific and could differentiate BC cell lines from the normal cell lines. It was demonstrated that lncRNAs used in this study and their expression profiles can be created as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Further studies utilizing patients would give recognizable identification of lncRNAs as key players in intercellular interactions.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING VERNONIA CINEREA AQUEOUS EXTRACT AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY AGAINST KASUMI-1 CELL LINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhiyatul Akma Mohamad Zani ◽  
Nor Hazwani Ahmad ◽  
Siti Razila Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Leukaemia Cell Line ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Vernonia Cinerea ◽  
Mts Assay

Green synthesis is preferable for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to its rapid and reliable process. Previous studies have demonstrated that active compounds present in Vernonia cinerea (V. cinerea) are responsible for bioreduction during synthesis of AgNPs. Hence, in this present study, aqueous extract of V. cinerea was used to synthesise AgNPs. The V. cinerea aqueous extract was added to AgNO3 solution (25 mL, 50 mL and 100 mL) to produce mixture with ratio of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20. The formation of V. cinerea-AgNPs was monitored for colour changes, and characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential analyses. The UV-Vis spectrum of V. cinerea-AgNPs showed absorption maxima at 450 nm while TEM images showed that the V. cinerea-AgNPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 15.29 nm. The zeta value of synthesised V. cinerea-AgNPs was – 29.50 mV with a peak area of 100 % intensity. The cytotoxicity of V. cinerea-AgNPs were tested in vitro on Kasumi-1 cells using MTS assay. The MTS assay revealed that the V. cinerea-AgNPs with the concentration of 31.25 mg/mL at 72 hr produced highest cytotoxicity effects on Kasumi-1 cells. These results indicate that AgNPs can be biologically synthesised from V. cinerea and has potential to be used as an anticancer agents on acute myeloid leukaemia cell line

scholarly journals Phytoproduct, Arabic Gum and Opophytum forsskalii Seeds for Bio-Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Capabilities

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Kawther Aabed ◽  
Afrah E. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Capping Agents ◽  
Acacia Arabica

The application of biological materials in synthesizing nanoparticles has become significant issue in nanotechnology. This research was designed to assess biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) fabricated using two aqueous extracts of Acacia arabica (Arabic Gum) (A-AgNPs) and Opophytum forsskalii (Samh) seed (O-AgNPs), which were used as reducing and capping agents in the NPs development, respectively. The current study is considered as the first report for AgNP preparation using Opophytum forsskalii extract. The dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to analyze the size and morphology of the biogenic AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were used to identify the possible phyto-components of plant extracts. The phyto-fabricated NPs were assessed for their antibacterial activity and also when combined with some antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and their anticandidal ability against Candida albicans using an agar well diffusion test. Furthermore, cytotoxicity against LoVo cancer cell lines was studied. The results demonstrated the capability of the investigated plant extracts to change Ag+ ions into spherical AgNPs with average size diameters of 91 nm for the prepared O-AgNPs and 75 nm for A-AgNPs. The phyto-fabricated AgNPs presented substantial antimicrobial capabilities with a zone diameter in the range of 10–29.3 mm. Synergistic effects against all tested strains were observed when the antibiotic and phyto-fabricated AgNPs were combined and assessed. The IC50 of the fabricated O-AgNPs against LoVo cancer cell lines was 28.32 μg/mL. Ten and four chemical components were identified in Acacia arabica (Arabic Gum) and Opophytum forsskalii seed extracts, respectively, by GC-MS that are expected as NPs reducing and capping agents. Current results could lead to options for further research, such as investigating the internal mechanism of AgNPs in bacteria, Candida spp., and LoVo cancer cell lines as well as identifying specific molecules with a substantial impact as metal-reducing agents and biological activities.

scholarly journals Elimination of drug-resistant myeloma tumor cell lines by monoclonal anti-P-glycoprotein antibody and rabbit complement

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2244-2251
Author(s):  
SS Kulkarni ◽  
ZM Wang ◽  
G Spitzer ◽  
M Taha ◽  
H Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Rabbit Complement

The effectiveness of ex vivo chemotherapy with drugs, such as vincristine, etoposide, and Adriamycin (doxorubicin, Adria Labs, Columbus, OH) for elimination of residual tumor cells from human bone marrow grafts could be undermined by the presence of multidrug- resistant tumor cells in the bone marrow. Therefore, to supplement chemoseparation, we investigated whether MRK-16, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) to the surface moiety of multidrug resistance-associated P- glycoprotein antigen, can eliminate drug-resistant tumor cells in the presence of rabbit complement (RC). Two doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant human myeloma tumor cell line, 8226/DOX40 (resistant to 4 x 10(-7) mol/L DOX) and 8226/DOX6 (6 x 10(-8) mol/L DOX) with high and low amounts of cell surface P-glycoprotein, respectively, and the drug- sensitive parent cell line 8226/S were used as tumor models in this study. Using the limiting dilution assay, we have shown that three cycles of treatment with 25 micrograms/mL of MRK-16 MoAb and a 1:4 final dilution of RC eliminated 2.90 +/- 0.10 logs of 8226/DOX40 cells and 1.94 +/- 0.18 logs of 8226/DOX6 cells. One and two cycles of treatment were less effective, eliminating 0.47 +/- 0.40 and 1.94 +/- 0.36 logs of 8226/DOX40 and 0.12 +/- 0.20 and 1.63 +/- 0.58 logs of 8226/DOX6 cells, respectively. The 8226/S cell growth was unaffected by one to three cycles of treatment. The cell kill was not impaired when the antibody plus complement treatment was carried out on a mixture of 8226/DOX40 or 8226/DOX6 cells with a ninefold excess of irradiated bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNCs). The three cycles of treatment with antibody plus complement did not adversely affect granulocyte- macrophage colony-forming unit (GM-CFU) survival in hematologically normal marrows (92.5% to 104% survival) or in myeloma patient marrows (85% to 100%). These results show that it is possible to eliminate drug- resistant myeloma tumor cell lines from the admixed human bone marrow by treatment with MRK-16 MoAb plus RC. This method could prove to be effective for elimination of other drug-resistant tumor cell lines including those of leukemia and solid tumors, and will be further useful for supplementing chemopurging, and immunopurging of bone marrow with other antitumor cell antibodies.

scholarly journals Sustainable phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina arborea exhibit antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smitha Chandrasekharan ◽  
Gandhimathi Chinnasamy ◽  
Somika Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

AbstractIncrease in bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics is a major public health concern generating interest in novel antibacterial treatments. Aim of this scientific endeavor was to find an alternative efficient antibacterial agent from non-conventional plant source for human health applications. We used an eco-friendly approach for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by utilizing logging residue from timber trees Gmelina arborea (GA). GC–MS analysis of leaves, barks, flowers, fruits, and roots was conducted to determine the bioactive compounds. Biosynthesis, morphological and structural characterization of GA-AgNPs were undertaken by UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). GA-AgNPs were evaluated for antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, wound healing properties and their toxicity studies were carried out. Results identified the presence of terpenoids, sterols, aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes, and flavonoids in leaves, making leaf extract the ideal choice for phyto-fabrication of silver nanoparticles. The synthesis of GA-AgNPs was confirmed by dark brown colored colloidal solution and spectral absorption peak at 420 nm. Spherical, uniformly dispersed, crystalline GA-AgNPs were 34–40 nm in diameter and stable in solutions at room temperature. Functional groups attributed to the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols that acted as reducing and capping agents. Antibacterial potency was confirmed against pathogenic bacteria Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay, MIC and MBC assay, biofilm inhibition assay, electron-microscopy, cell staining and colony counting techniques. The results from zone of inhibition, number of ruptured cells and dead-cell-count analysis confirmed that GA-AgNPs were more effective than GA-extract and their bacteria inhibition activity level increased further when loaded on hydrogel as GA-AgNPs-PF127, making it a novel distinguishing feature. Antioxidant activity was confirmed by the free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS). Wound healing potential was confirmed by cell scratch assay in human dermal fibroblast cell lines. Cell-proliferation study in human chang liver cell lines and optical microscopic observations confirmed non-toxicity of GA-AgNPs at low doses. Our study concluded that biosynthesized GA-AgNPs had enhanced antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and wound healing properties.

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