scholarly journals الشيخ ناصر الدين الألباني ومكانته العلمية في مجال علم الحديث

rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz . ◽  
Dr. Naeem Anwar Azhari

Islam is the Deen that fits to the man's nature. Allah Almighty sent his various messengers to convey His Commandments to the mankind. For His final Command-ments, Allah Almighty sent Prophet Muhammad (SWA).He also introduced His personalityas a explanatory status in Quran, This act has been mentioned on several occasion in Holy Quran which is fully agreed by the whole Umaah. For this, Holy Quran and hadith share the same importance for the guidance of Muslims. The companions of Rasool (SAW), Tabi’ in, Tabi al- Tabi’in and Muhdseen tried their level best to collect and do rearrangement of  the Hadith., according to their potentialMohedseen compiled the collection of Hadith  at different places during different time periods. This collection of Hadith is known as Sihah, Sitta in Islamic history. With the passage of time, there are so many controversial personalities who tried to damage the importance of this Islamic castle. Moreover, there came some personalities who didn’t have the command on Hadith and its sciences. They even brought their own changes in this regard. Among such names, Al- Sheikh Nasir ur Din Albani is the one, who challenged the authenticity of SihahSitta and other books of Hadith such as Al- AdabulMufrid and Al TarghebwaTerhaib etc. But Allah Almighty always sent such people who defended the matters related to the authenticity of Haidth. In this very article, Sheikh Al bani , his knowledge, his research and his challenges related to the authenticity of Haidth will be analyzed.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-183
Author(s):  
Karen Moukheiber

Musical performance was a distinctive feature of urban culture in the formative period of Islamic history. At the court of the Abbasid caliphs, and in the residences of the ruling elite, men and women singers performed to predominantly male audiences. The success of a performer was linked to his or her ability to elicit ṭarab, namely a spectrum of emotions and affects, in their audiences. Ṭarab was criticized by religious scholars due, in part, to the controversial performances at court of slave women singers depicted as using music to induce passion in men, diverting them from normative ethical social conduct. This critique, in turn, shaped the ethical boundaries of musical performances and affective responses to them. Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī’s tenth-century Kitāb al-Aghānī (‘The Book of Songs’) compiles literary biographies of prominent male and female singers from the formative period of Islamic history. It offers rich descriptions of musical performances as well as ensuing manifestations of ṭarab in audiences, revealing at times the polemics with which they were associated. Investigating three biographical narratives from Kitāb al-Aghānī, this paper seeks to answer the following question: How did emotions, gender and status shape on the one hand the musical performances of women singers and on the other their audiences’ emotional responses, holistically referred to as ṭarab. Through this question, this paper seeks to nuance and complicate our understanding of the constraints and opportunities that shaped slave and free women's musical performances, as well as men's performances, at the Abbasid court.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-74
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdellah Ahmed Alhossany

This study deals with the Quranic treatment of extremism in terms of extremisms concept and semantics, types, causes, images,  and the Quranic approach in its treatment, and we try to link the Muslim to the Quran approach in the treatment of extremism as a problem which the individual and the old and new society suffer; Because extremism can be transformed from mere idea to apparent behavior while demonstrating that extremism in fact transcends the rules of law and divine orders, it is excessive in the commitment to religion on the one hand or negligence in adhering to it, on the other hand, it is not always concerned with bringing the matter but also enters into relinquishing. In addition to the need to be warned that extremism is a method of religiosity and not religion itself, and Islam with its centrist approach rejects such practices and seeks to address them through the curriculum of the Holy Quran


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Krunoslav Puškar

This thesis deals with the analysis and description of the historical and contemporary anthroponymy of the Kalnik area of the Prigorje region on the basis of both archival and field research carried out throughout a longer period of time. Since there has not been any extensive onomastic reasearch in the very area to date, our goal was to determine the influence of linguistic and extralinguistic changes in the reaserched onomastic categories. The introduction of this thesis provides the geographical, sociohistorical, demographical and linguistic context of the researched area, whereas the subsequent chapters provide a list and analysis of confirmed first names, personal and family nicknames, as well as family names of the reaserched area. First names were researched during nine time periods with a duration of five years, beginning from 1802 and ending in 2014. Because of a wide researched area, we limited our research on the anthroponymic repertoire of the city of Križevci, in which 3020 first names (1579 male and 1441 female names) were confirmed. In the 19th century, during five analysed time periods, 1519 first names were confirmed, out of which 814 male and 705 female names, which were mostly simple based on their structure (91.64%). Concerning the provenance of the first names, we established that almost all names were either Christian names or translated Christian names and that national names occur very rarely and sporadically, only in the second half of the 19th century. By comparison, in the 20th and 21st century, during the last four time periods, 1501 first names have been confirmed, out of which 765 were male and 736 female names. Concerning their structure, they turned out to be mostly compound first names in the 1946- 1950 time period (55.69%), whereas in the 2010-2014 time period they turned out to be predominantly single (97.02%). Concerning their provenance, in the 1946-1950 time period 48.39% of male and 57.58% of female national names were confirmed, whereas in the last time period male national names amount to 4.05%, and female national names to only 1.27%. Personal nicknames are a special anthroponymic category which has not been researched in the Kalnik area. Having limited our field research on 13 places throughout the area, we confirmed 288 real personal nicknames, 245 male and 43 female nicknames, of mostly simple structure (95.14%), which are still mostly used in oral and informal communication. The motivation behind the nicknames has faithfully shown us the extralinguistic reality of the researched area. The most frequent motivational group of nicknames is the one of unknown motivation (23.96%), while the other confirmed groups are nicknames motivated by a first name (12,15%), a physical characteristic of the owner (12.15%), another characteristic of the owner (11,81%), a specific word used by the owner (8.33%), an animal (6.94%), a family name (6.60%), an occupation (6.25%), an ethnonym or toponym (4.51%), a family or social role (2.78%), a professional designation (1.38%), food (1.04%), a name for a plant (1.04%), a subject (0.69%), and another nickname (0.35%). The high frequency of nicknames of unknown motivation shows us the importance of future research of this anthroponymic category because, due to the passage of time, it is difficult to determine the real motivation of every nickname. We came to the same conclusion during our research of family nicknames, another specific anthroponymic category, still quite present in the Kalnik area. Having limited our field research on 12 places throughout the wide researched area, we managed to confirm 173 real family nicknames, whose designated motivational groups provided us with important sociolinguistic pieces of information. Concerning their structure, the majority of family nicknames turned out to be simple (N = 129), whereas concerning their motivation, the majority of family nicknames were of unknown motivation (N = 33). Other motivational groups were the following: a first name (N = 27), an occupation (N = 27), a family name (N = 25), a personal nickname (N = 22), a certain characteristic (N = 13), an ethnonym (N = 10), a toponym (N = 6), a certain subject (N = 6), and an animal (N = 4). All these mentioned different anthroponymic categories (first names, personal and family nicknames) can be confirmed profusely in the last anthroponymic category researched and analysed in this thesis – family names. Having employed the criterion of their minimum continuity of 100 years in the researched area, we have managed to confirm 1360 family names with centuries old continuity, since the 14th century to this very day. With this criterion we also managed to reduce a significant number of over 3000 family names with mostly no continuity, as well as to confirm those last names which had left their trace in the researched area. Of course, not all family names confirmed by this criterion are necessarily connected to the researched area, but are only detected in it. Out of 1360 confirmed family names, we succeeded in determining 189 family names which occur exclusively or mostly in the researched area, 100 family names which do not occur in contemporary anthroponymy of the area, and 97 family names which could also become extinguished in near future. Concerning their structure, the majority of all family names occur without a suffix (N = 681). All the confirmed family names were analysed according to their structure and motivation and listed in our Lexicon of family names at the end of this very thesis.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Mares ◽  
Constantin Mares ◽  
Venera Dobrica ◽  
Crisan Demetrescu

<p>The present study aims at investigating uncertainty of external factors, namely the solar/geomagnetic forcing on the terrestrial variables as the Danube discharge and the atmospheric indices at the large scale. Our analysis was performed separately for each season, for two time periods, 1901-2000 and 1948-2000.</p><p>The relationship between terrestrial variables and external factors was achieved by applying the information theory elements as synergy, redundancy, total correlation and transfer entropy. </p><p>The results differ depending on the time of year and the analysed variables.</p><p>From this analysis resulted that the two external forcings can be considered together as predictors for certain cases, while for others they are very redundant, therefore the one that produces the lowest uncertainty connection was selected.</p>


2019 ◽  
pp. Journal Title (arabic)-Journal Title (Enlgish)
Author(s):  
Nihad Mamache

لغة القرآن الكريم نظام متماسِك تترابط فيه المكوّنات اللّفظية والدلالية جميعا لِخدمة العقد الدلالي النّاظم فيه وهو التوحيد؛ فالغاية التي يجري إليها النصّ القرآني اتّساقا وانسجاما هي تقرير دلالة (لا إله إلا الله). وإذا جئنا إلى أسلوبه نجده يجمع بين ما هو إبلاغي، وبين ما هو جمالي ذو غاية إفحامية؛ أي إنّه ذو بُعد حجاجي، والخروج عن القياس اللغوي فيه لأجل غايات دلاليّة، تجعل منه خطابا تداوليّا صالحا لكلّ زمان ومكان. ومن ثَمّ تُطرح الإشكالية الآتية: كيف يتشكّل نظام الأسلوب داخل نظام اللغة؟ وهل يمكن الحديث عن وظائف أخرى للأسلوب غير الوظيفة الجماليّة؟ وكيف يتجلّى دور الأسلوب في دعم القصد الحجاجي؟ وللإجابة عن هذه الأسئلة انتُهِج المنهج الوصفي، مع اعتماد التّحليل تحقيقا لِهدف هذا البحث: وهو بيان أنّ ما ينضوي عليه الخطاب القرآني من أساليب إعجازية ليس لتحقيق الجمال فحَسب بل لِغرض الحجاج والإقناع. • الكلمات المفتاحية: الأسلوب، الحجاج، الوظيفة الحجاجية، الانزياح. The language of the holy Quran is a cohesive system where all verbal and semantics components are linked to service his regulatory contract which is (Al-Tawhid). The purpose that the quranic text being to coherently and harmoniously is to determine the meaning of (LA ILLAHA ILA ELLAH). And if we come to his style we fnd it combine between which is informative and aesthetic with a confutable goal; it means that it’s with argumentative dimensions, and exiting the measurement of language in it serve semantics purposes, this made him a pragmatic discourse applicable in every time and place. Hence the following problematic arose: How the system style is structured in the one of language? And if we can speak about other functions of style non-aesthetic one? And how the role of the style is explicit in supporting the argumentative intention? I adopted the descriptive approach to answer these questions, with the help of analysis to achieve the goal of this research which is: to indicate that what consist the quranic discourse of miraculous methods isn’t for just an aesthetic purpose, but for the argumentative one. Key words: The style, The argumentation, The argumentative function, The deviation


1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Forand

In antiquity and in the Middle Ages slavery played a significant role in the military, economic, political and social life of the Near East. Many studies have been made of these aspects of life, but little has been said in the context of Islam about the psychological bonds which, at least to some extent, characterize the relationship between slave or freedman and master. The institution of ‘mutual alliance’ also played an important part in Islamic history, and there were certain similarities between the relation of the ‘ally’ to the patron on the one hand, and of the freedman to the former master on the other. But it is the purpose of this discussion, in part, to point out some basic differences between the two relationships.


1934 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. T. Burchell

In 1931 I described two newly-discovered stone age industries of post-glacial age situated in north-east Ireland which had been made by myself and worked in conjunction with my friend C. Blake Whelan: the one from the Lower Estuarine Clay on Islandmagee, and the other from what is probably a fluviatile gravel intercalated between the Upper and Lower Estuarine Clays in the raised-beach formation at Cushendun.The former of these cultures has its counterpart in the blade industry beneath alluvium in the Orwell Estuary at Ipswich, Suffolk; whilst the latter finds its parallel in the raised-beach at Campbeltown in Argyllshire, Scotland. Adopting the familiar culture-sequence of Central Europe I had previously designated these two groups as phases of the Magdalenian period, but, in order to avoid confusion between the time-periods and the nomenclature of continental cultures, I have decided to base my chronology of the north Irish industries upon the natural changes of climate revealed by a study of the deposits in which they were found. The industries to be described below were contemporary with the Mesolithic Forest Cultures distinguished by Childe and Clark over the plain of northern Europe.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-458
Author(s):  
Yonghui Dai ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Siyu Yan ◽  
Jing Xu

Cardiovascular disease is one of the diseases threatening the human health, and its diagnosis has always been a research hotspot in the medical field. In particular, the diagnosis technology based on ECG (electrocardiogram) signal as an effective method for studying cardiovascular diseases has attracted many scholars? attention. In this paper, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to study the feature classification of three kinds of ECG signals, which including sinus rhythm (SR), Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF). Specifically, different convolution layer structures and different time intervals are used for ECG signal classification, such as the division of 2-layer and 4-layer convolution layers, the setting of four time periods (1s, 2s, 3s, 10s), etc. by performing the above classification conditions, the best classification results are obtained. The contribution of this paper is mainly in two aspects. On the one hand, the convolution neural network is used to classify the arrhythmia data, and different classification effects are obtained by setting different convolution layers. On the other hand, according to the data characteristics of three kinds of ECG signals, different time periods are designed to optimize the classification performance. The research results provide a reference for the classification of ECG signals and contribute to the research of cardiovascular diseases.


2013 ◽  
pp. 115-142
Author(s):  
Martin F. Meyer

Biology is the most extensive field in the Corpus Aristotelicum. In his fundamental work De anima, Aristotle tries to fix the borders of this life science. The term ψυχή has a twofold explanatory status. On the one hand, ψυχή is understood as a principle of all living beings. On the other hand, it is understood as a cause of the fact that all living beings are alive. The paper is divided into three sections. (1) The first part shows why Aristotle discusses these issues in a work entitled Περὶ ψυχῆς. Since Pythagoras and Heraclitus, ψυχή was understood as a life principle: Pythagoras believed that men, animals and plants share the same nature: they are all ἔμψυχα and they are homogenous qua ψυχή. (2) The second part of this article deals with Aristotle’s definition of the soul in DA II: ψυχή is the principle of all living things. This establishes (i) the external criteria to divide living and non-living beings and (ii) the internal criteria to divide living beings. (3) The third part of this paper is concerned with the methodological consequences of this definition: the life functions (δυνάμεις τῆς ψυχῆς) are the central explanandum in Aristotle’s biology. De anima II defines such various life-functions as nourishment, sense-perception and locomotion. These capacities contour the main fields of the philosopher’s biological investigation. For Aristotle, the faculty of reproduction is a subtype of nourishment. Reproduction is the most important and most natural function of all living beings. Genetics is, therefore, the most important field in Aristotle’s biology.


AL- ADALAH ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
M Wagiyanto

This article presents an alternative concept of resolving disputes over Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) from the perspectives of the sociology of Islamic Law. The aim is to find the possibility of obtaining better alternative dispute esolutions that meet the feelings of justice of the parties. Up to now, Pilkada dispute resolution always took the path of litigation (court), which ended in victory on the one side and defeat on the other side. Rarely, if ever, there is a dispute settlement that takes a non-litigation path to get a win-win solution. Even though there were no historical documents found in Islamic history on the Regional Head elections; But the absence of the document does not necessarily mean that Islam has no concept that can be used to solve humanitarian problems. As a religion characterized by rahmatan lil alamin (peace upon the world), Islam has a concept that can be applied to resolve disputes that refer to some principles originating from Syari'ah arguments, namely: al-Qur'an, al-Sunnah, Ijmā’ (agreement of the scholars), Qiyās (analogy), Maslahah Mursalah (benefit of society), and ‘Urf (community tradition).


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