scholarly journals Biosynthesis and antibacterial activity of silver and gold nanoparticles from the leaf and callus extracts of Amaranthus dubius, Gunnera perpensa, Ceratotheca triloba and Catharanthus roseus

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Naazlene Patel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Au Nps ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

The biosynthesis of NPs has many advantages over the tedious, expensive and toxic physical and chemical methods of synthesis. Plants are stocked with valuable metabolites that are capable of reducing metal salts to form NPs. In this study, aqueous leaf extracts of A. dubius, G. perpensa, C. roseus and C. triloba were reacted with AgNO3 and HAuCl4 to determine the plants reducing abilities and hence synthesis of Ag and Au NPs capabilities. The synthesis reactions were carried out at different temperatures and extract concentrations for optimization. The goal was to form NPs within the specific wavelength range. Polar solvents: methanol and ethyl acetate extractions were carried out at the optimized conditions to evaluate the best solvent for the extraction of phytochemicals from the plants. The plant leaf extracts that were successful (A. dubius, G. perpensa and C. triloba) in synthesizing NPs were then micropropagated to form callus cultures. The reducing abilities of these callus cultures extracts were determined by varying temperature and concentration parameters. Characterization of the NPs formed by the different extracts was performed using UV-vis, TEM and FTIR. UV-vis spectrophotometry was used as a confirmatory as well as characterizing tool. TEM analysis was able to provide a description on the size and shape of the NPs whereas FTIR provided information on the biomolecules responsible for synthesis and capping of NPs. The stability of the NPs was determined by UV-vis scans over a period of 30 days which allowed observation of the alteration in peak shape and absorbance and hence condition of particles. Phytochemical tests were performed on the leaf extracts of the four plants to elucidate possible phytochemicals responsible for the reduction of metal salts. Antibacterial activity of the NPs was evaluated by using the disk diffusion assay and MICs were determined by the broth dilution method against pathogenic bacteria. A. dubius, G. perpensa and C. triloba were capable of synthesizing Ag NPs and Au NPs which were indicated by yellowish orange and reddish purple colour changes respectively. G. perpensa was able to spontaneously form Ag and Au NPs without any addition of heat whereas A. dubius and C. triloba required heat to form Au NPs. As the temperature of the reactions increased, the absorbance and possibly the number of NPs produced, increased. When the concentration of the extract was doubled, the absorbance was seen to decrease. C. roseus did not produce any Ag or Au NPs with any of the leaf extracts. Only A. dubius and C. triloba callus extracts were investigated for NP synthesis and it was found that A. dubius callus extracts were unsuccessful in synthesizing NPs and C. triloba callus extracts were able to form unstable Ag and Au NPs. The spherical Ag NPs that were formed from aqueous extracts of A. dubius were slightly larger than the methanolic Ag NPs. The Ag NPs produced by G. perpensa were in the same size range for aqueous and methanolic extracts. C. triloba Ag NPs formed from the methanolic extract were closer in size to A. dubius aqueous Ag NPs but the C. triloba aqueous extract produced much larger Ag NPs than the other extracts. The Ag NPs produced from A. dubius aqueous and methanolic extracts as well as C. triloba methanolic extracts exhibited the longest stability of 30 days. Ag NPs from G. perpensa aqueous extracts had the least stability. G. perpensa did not form any hexagonal Au NPs and the spherical and triangular Au NPs were smaller unlike in A. dubius and C. triloba Au NPs. The Au NPs formed by the aqueous extracts of A. dubius and C. triloba were larger in comparison to their methanolic counterparts. The Au NPs produced from G. perpensa aqueous and methanolic extracts as well as A. dubius and C. triloba methanolic extracts exhibited the longest stability of 30 days. Au NPs were stable for longer in comparison to Ag NPs. FTIR provided evidence that Ag and Au NPs have a chemical bond with the amide group in amino acids. However the intensities of biomolecules for Au NPs are more pronounced compared to the Ag NPs. It was also found that the Ag NPs synthesized by methanolic leaf extracts have slightly higher intensities than Ag NPs synthesized from aqueous leaf extracts. Phytochemical screening showed the absence of tannins in the C. roseus leaf, A. dubius and C. triloba callus extracts and presence in the other three plants. C. triloba methanolic extract Ag NPs showed the highest activity against Gram-positive S. aureus. Aqueous and methanolic Ag NPs from G. perpensa and C. triloba as well as A. dubius methanolic Ag NPs had activity against all fourteen bacteria. A. dubius aqueous Ag NPs had no activity against Enterobacter spp. and a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. G. perpensa Ag NPs had better antibacterial activity and lower MICs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria compared to A. dubius and C. triloba. There was no antibacterial activity seen with Au NPs. The size and shape of NPs are the keys to their biomedical properties. Green synthesis of NPs is a feasible way for the future. This study showed that NPs can be synthesized very easily and economically. A key finding of this study is that different plants produce varying sizes and aggregation of NPs.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF UDHARA VAYUHARA CHURNA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (06) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Maruthi T. Ekbote ◽  
◽  
Rajashekar K. V ◽  
Shankarappa L ◽  
Bharathi D. R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Ayurvedic medicines are being used increasingly to fight or prevent common diseases. Udhara vayuhara churna is a polyherbal formulation containing Piper longum (Piperceae) Zingiber officinalis (Zingiberaceae), Elettaria cardamom (Zingiberaceae), Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae), Carum carvi (Umbelliferae), Acorus calamus (Araceae) and Embilica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae). Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Udhara vayuhara churna were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the Udhara vayuhara churna indicated that methanolic extract inhibited the growth of one or more test pathogens than aqueous extract. Udhara vayuhara churna formulation extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils. This may be due to the multifunctional effect of all the seven plant ingredients of Udhara Vayuhara churn.

scholarly journals Comparative Nephroprotective Effects of Extracts of Buchholzia coriacea on some Biochemical Parameters in Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Toxicity in Rattus novergicus

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Godwin C. Ugwu ◽  
Chinagorom L. Okanya ◽  
Jude V. Egbuji ◽  
Jude I. Okwo ◽  
Emmanuel I. Nnamonu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Buchholzia coriacea (wonderful kola) is a medicinal plant that has been used worldwide as an alternative medication to promote human health. Comparative nephroprotective effects of crude seed powder, aqueous and methanolic extracts of B. coriacea in hepatotoxic rats was investigated for 56 days. The crude powder (BCCP), aqueous extract (BCAE) and methanolic extract (BCME) significantly reduced (p<0.05) the levels of creatinine and uric acid and decreased minimally throughout the treatment periods. Total protein increased significantly (p<0.05). Significant decrease (p<0.05) were observed with 200 mg/kg BCAE and BCCP respectively in urea and BUN levels. Noticeable nephroprotective effects may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids and tannins which act as antioxidants. This study has demonstrated that B. coriacea crude seed powder, methanolic and aqueous extracts caused no adverse effect on the rat kidney and may be recommended for the management of nephrotoxicity Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 227-235, 2018 (December)

Antimicrobial Activity of O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanofibers Containing Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metwally Ezzat ◽  
Mohammed Ghanim ◽  
Hassan Nageh ◽  
Ahmed H. Hassanin ◽  
Ahmed Abdel-Moneim
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

New green synthesis of Ag-nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (O-CMCs) as stabilizing agent and ascorbic acid as reducing agent was achieved. The reaction was carried out in an autoclave at a pressure of 0.12 MPa and a temperature of 120°C at varying concentrations of solution precursors and different reaction times. The size, shape and structure of Ag-NPs were measured using transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), FT-IR and UV spectrophotometers. The Ag-NPs stabilized in O-CMCs were blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer solution and then electrospun to produce wound dressing nanofibers with high antibacterial activity. The morphological study of O-CMCs/ PVA/Ag-NPs nanofiber membranes was characterized using SEM. Finally, the release behavior of Ag-NPs from these nanofibers was examined and the antibacterial activity was measured against some skin pathogenic bacteria and fungi using the agar diffusion method. The newly developed membranes show a unique antibacterial activity against the tested strains and were presented as promising active wound dressing materials in medical applications.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activities of Xanthium Strumarium L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Devkota ◽  
Ritu Kumari Das
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Antibacterial activities of Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae) was carried out in laboratory. Distilled water and methanol extracts of the leaves of plant was prepared. The antibacterial activity was studied against six pathogenic bacteria, three gram negative: Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 15380), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 49132), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and three gram positive: Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932) at different concentrations (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 200 mg/ ml, 250 mg/ml) of leaf extracts of X. strumurium. The phytochemical screening depicted the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured. Gram negative bacteria was found more resistant than gram positive bacteria. The most susceptible bacterium was S. aureus while the most resistant bacterium was E. coli. Methanolic extract was found more effective than distilled water. These findings suggest that extracts obtained from leaves of X. strumurium possess biobactericidal potential, which can suitably be exploited for making antibacterial drugs.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 70-77

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Areca Nut Fruit on Selected Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Neda Jam ◽  
Reza Hajimohammadi ◽  
Parvin Gharbani ◽  
Ali Mehrizad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Agar Disc

Today, the tendency to use of natural preservatives to increase food security has expanded. In the present study, antibacterial effects of Areca Nut fruit extracts were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria using agar disc diffusion technique. Methanol, ethanol, and water were used as solvents for extraction by maceration method, and extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using microtiter broth dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results revealed that all ATCC strains were significantly inhibited by ethanolic and methanolic extracts. Escherichia coli produced a significantly larger zone of inhibition for Gentamicin ( 35 ± 0.65   mm ) and Penicillin ( 25   mm ± 0.56 ), while Enterobacter aerogenes produced smaller zone of inhibition for Gentamicin (20 ± 0.87 mm) and Penicillin ( 15 ± 0.87   mm ). Also, methanolic extract had considerable antibacterial activity with MIC value of 1.56 mg/mL against Escherichia coli. All of extracts were used to evaluate antibacterial effects in prepared cake, and as a result, all pathogenies were the most sensitive by methanolic extract in 100 mg/L of concentration except Escherichia coli that were more sensitive by ethanolic extract. In conclusion, the Areca Nut fruit extracts may be used as a natural preservative in food industries. Future studies should focus on the effect of Areca Nut fruit extracts in bakery and drinking industries.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Euphorbia paralias L. and Melilotus sulcatus Desf. against some pathogenic microorganisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Miloud M. Miloud ◽  
Najma A. Senussi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

The present study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of leaf extracts of Euphorbia paralias and Melilotus sulcatus against four bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. and two fungal species Asperigillus niger and Aspergillus flavus. The agar well diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The effect of these extracts was most effective against the bacterial species compared to the fungal species at a used concentration (100 mg/ml). Methanolic extracts of selected plants displayed good antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms species, while, no activity for aqueous extracts against tested fungal species. Methanolic extracts were the most effective plant extracts against all tested bacterial species, with MIC and MBC reached 6.2 and 12.5 mg/ml, except Klebsiella sp. which was less sensitive to M. sulcatus methanolic extract and its MIC and MBC reached 12.5 and 25 mg/ml, respectively. These plant extracts which proved to be potentially effective can be used as bioactive agents to control microorganisms caused for diseases and they can be used naturally in the human and veterinary healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, HPLC Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts for Some Medicinal Plant Flowers.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erian, N. S.; H. B. Hamed, A. Y. El-Khateeb & M. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Activity Complex

Methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. cardunculus, A. millefolium, C. officinalis, and M. chamomilla flowers were Phytochemical, Identification of polyphenols and flavonoids by HPLC, and also investigated for their antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtillis. The phytochemical was observed that crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of investigated flowers the highest content from activity complex. HPLC analysis identified eighteen polyphenolic compounds as authentic samples namely: Gallic acid, pyrogallol, 4-amino benzoic, protocatechuic, cataehein, chlorogenic, catechol, e.picatechen, caffien, p.oh.benzoic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, ellagic, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, coumarin and cinnamic acid. While, flavonoid compounds its eleven compounds as authentic samples namely: narengin, rutin, hisperdin, romarinic, quereitrin, quereetrin, narenginin, kampferol, luteolin, hispertin, and 7-Hydoxyflavon. The methanolic extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (43.88 and 42.11%) for against B. subtillis at 6 mg/ml, While, the aqueous extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (29.99 and 29.22 %) for against Bacillus subtillis at 6 mg/ml. Moreover, the C. officinalis and C. cardunculus flowers extract produced the highest growth inhibition for methanolic and aqueous extracts of against Escherichia coli at 6 mg/ml.  

scholarly journals Gc-Ms Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Mangosteen Leaf Extracts against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (07) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qamar Mohammed Naji Alsultan ◽  
Kamaruzaman Sijam ◽  
Tavga Sulaiman Rashid ◽  
Khairulmazmi Bin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ms Analysis

scholarly journals The antimicrobial activity of some medical plants against bacteria that cause urinary tract infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Nehia Hussein ◽  
Noor Ameer Hanon
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Qualitative Detection

This study was done to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hot ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Syzygium aromatic (S.aromatic ) and Q.infectoria infectoria (gall) against pathogenic bacteria that cause urinary tract infection (UTI). Such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Qualitative detection of the active compounds of the plant extracts was done with chemical reagents. Also, the Qualitative detection of the active groups was further verified with (FTIR). The sensitivity of the UTI causing bacteria was examined against 12 different antibiotics. The results show that E.coli was the most resistant bacteria, resisting 8 from 12 antibiotics; P.aeruginosa resisted 5 from 12 antibiotics; while S.aureus showed resistance to 4 only. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was investigated by using four concentrations (40, 60, 80, 100 mg/ml) for each extract against two types of Gram negative bacteria (E.coli, P.aeruginosa), and one type of Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus). The plant extracts showed different effects on the growth of all bacterial strains. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ethanolic extracts and aqueous extracts in the study were determined.The kill- time was determined also for each extract.The antioxidant activity of the plants in the study was investigated. Finally, the toxicity of the plant extracts was examined on human red blood cells.

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