scholarly journals Marking the Moral Boundaries of Class

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Heavy Industry ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Moral Boundaries ◽  
Raymond Williams ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determining Factor

This article welcomes the recent renewed interest in the topic of class within sociology and cultural studies. This comes after a long period – from around the middle part of the 1980s and into the 1990s – during which social class was dismissed as a mode of understanding socio-economic and cultural conditions on the part of both academics and mainstream political organisations alike. Working-class formations in particular came under scrutiny, increasingly seen to be in terminal decline and fragmentation through the impact of post-industrialisation processes set in train in western economies from the turn of the 1980s onwards. The demise of heavy industry – steel, coal, textiles, for instance – profoundly altered working-class communities, transforming the material world and cultural life of the British working class, powerful developments reinforcing the ‘end of class’ debate. Allied to this, the emergence within the academy of new theoretical frameworks associated with postmodern thought claimed to undermine traditional understandings around class. This article insists on the continuing significance of class and does so by focussing on an important recent response to the class debate, Andrew Sayer's The Moral Significance of Class (2005). This book stakes a lucid claim for the importance of recognising class as a powerful determining factor of subjectivity. While drawing upon aspects of Sayer's theoretical framework and argument to examine class experience, it is also the intention of the article to supplement Sayer's work by developing related theoretical propositions derived from the writing of Raymond Williams and the Russian linguist and cultural critic Volosinov/Bakhtin.

Cultural History: Where It Has Been and Where It Is Going

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Applegate ◽  
Pamela Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Music And Literature ◽  
Class Culture ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Raymond Williams ◽  
Hayden White ◽  
Art For Art's Sake ◽  
The Impact

The very meaning of “culture” has gone through so many transformations over the last sixty years that it is necessary to take stock of developments in this field of cultural history before suggesting—with an eye to the promises and perils of earlier practices—what new possibilities might exist for the future of the field. The post-1945 period witnessed a powerful impulse to understand culture as something more pervasive than just literature and the arts—and as something more socially and politically reverberant than the shibboleth of “art for art's sake.” In 1957, at the very beginning of the modern practice of cultural history, Richard Hoggart'sThe Uses of Literacyfound the high and low hierarchies embedded in it. It focused on working-class culture (e.g., glossy magazines, films, “penny dreadfuls”), and on how reading was changing under the impact of mass media. By 1976, Raymond Williams needed to draw attention to the complexity of the wordculture, so extended had its purview become over the previous two decades. Linda Nochlin asked why they were no great women artists, and T. J. Clark, using a Marxist framework, sought to understand aesthetic modernism by interrogating the historic circumstances that had led to the breakdown of the academic system.The New Cultural History, edited by Lynn Hunt, came out in 1989. Its “models” for cultural history were the work of Michel Foucault, Clifford Geertz, Natalie Zemon Davis, E. P. Thompson, Hayden White, and Dominick LaCapra, and its “new approaches” came from Mary Ryan, Roger Chartier, Thomas Laqueur, and Randolph Starn. These scholars were legislators of discourse and narrative, of popular and working-class culture, of gender, epistemes, and thick description. With many other tendencies, often defined by their focus on theoretical explication and elaboration, these approaches had the effect of deterring scholars from reengaging with the traditional interests—even theraison d'etre—of cultural history, namely, art, architecture, theater, dance, music, and literature. This turning-away also affected the very composition of humanities and interpretive social science departments, which added many new subjects of study but, inevitably perhaps, let others wither away.

“Scrap-Heap Storiesˮ: Oral Narratives of Labour and Loss in Scottish Mining and Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-2018) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Arthur McIvor
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
Industrial Work ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Plant Closures ◽  
The Impact

This article is an attempt to comprehend deindustrialisation and the impact of plant downsizing and closures in Scotland since the 1970s through listening to the voices of workers and reflecting on their ways of telling, whilst making some observations on how an oral history methodology can add to our understanding. It draws upon a rich bounty of oral history projects and collections undertaken in Scotland over recent decades. The lush description and often intense articulated emotion help us as academic “outsidersˮ to better understand how lives were profoundly affected by plant closures, getting us beyond statistical body counts and overly sentimentalised and nostalgic representations of industrial work to more nuanced understandings of the meanings and impacts of job loss. In recalling their lived experience of plant run-downs and closures, narrators are informing and interpreting; projecting a sense of self in the process and drawing meaning from their working lives. My argument here is that we need to listen attentively and learn from those who bore witness and try to make sense of these diverse, different and sometimes contradictory stories. We should take cognisance of silences and transgressing voices as well as dominant, hegemonic narratives if we are to deepen the conversation and understand the complex but profound impacts that deindustrialisation had on traditional working-class communities in Scotland, as well as elsewhere.

Care of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in school – An interventional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umamaheswari Gurunathan ◽  
Hemchand Krishna Prasad ◽  
Sherline White ◽  
Bala Prasanna ◽  
Thangavelu Sangaralingam
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Education Program ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Structured Education ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determining Factor

AbstractObjectivesPaucity of data from India on care of children with Type 1 diabetes in schools. Aims: To study assess the knowledge, attitude, practices and fear of Type 1 diabetes in school teachers and to assess the impact of an educational model on the fear of teachers and care of children in Type 1 DM at school hours.MethodsA community based study, involving school teachers and the intervention being educating them about diabetes conducted. Data pertaining to basic demography, attitude of teachers towards diabetic children, Hypoglycemia fear factor survey- parent version with worries domain and preparedness of school was collected. An education program was conducted on diabetes care in children. Immediately and after three months, the proforma details and HFSP-W scores reassessed.ResultsForty two teachers (mean age: 38.7±5.4; M:F ratio 2:40) participated in the study. Post intervention, a higher willingness to have the diabetic child in class (100 vs. 57.1%; p>0.05), better support in daily care (100 vs. 92%; p>0.05), participation in sports activities (100 vs. 7.1%; p<0.05) observed. HFSP-W scores were 38.8±4.5 (pre-intervention), 22.5±4.3 (immediate post intervention) and 29.5±3.2 (at 3months) (p<0.05). To study the determinants of improvement in HFSP-W a regression analysis was performed: presence of glucometer the most likely determining factor (T=1.999, p=0.05).ConclusionThere is a significant element of fear in the minds of teachers towards hypoglycemia which improves with a structured education program.

Beyond the austerity-driven hypothesis: Political economic theses on penality and the recent prison population decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110006
Author(s):  
José A. Brandariz
Keyword(s):  
Prison Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spending Cuts

In what might be called the ‘austerity-driven hypothesis’, a consistent strand of literature has sought to explain the prison downsizing witnessed in many jurisdictions of the global north over the past decade by referring to the financial crisis of the late 2000s to early 2010s and its effects in terms of public spending cuts. Since this economic phase is essentially over, whereas the (moderate) decarceration turn is still ongoing, there are good reasons to challenge this hypothesis. This article delves into the non-economic forces that are fostering a prison population decline that, 10 years on, is becoming the new ‘penal normal’. The article thereby aims to spark a dialogue not only with the scholarship exploring the prison downsizing but also with certain theoretical frameworks that have played a key role in examining the punitive turn era. Additionally, the article contributes to the conversation on the need to reframe materialist readings on penality in a ‘non-reductionist’ fashion. By revisiting heterodox theses and scrutinizing the impact of recent penal changes on traditional materialist accounts, the article joins the collective endeavour seeking to update political economic perspectives on punishment and the penal field.

Financial battle against climate change – assessing effectiveness using a scorecard

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candauda Arachchige Saliya ◽  
Suesh Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Banking Regulations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how and to what extent the Fijian sustainable banking regulations or guidelines are designed, communicated, implemented and monitored within the financial system in Fiji. A scorecard is introduced for this purpose to assess the effectiveness of Fiji’s financial battle against climate change (FBACC). Design/methodology/approach This study uses a mixed-method methodology. Data were collected mainly from a survey and supplemented by interviews, observations and documents. The scorecard was developed by building on existing two theoretical frameworks, namely, the Sustainable Banking Assessment and Climate Change Governance Index, to make them more appropriate and practically applicable to less developed financial systems in emerging economies such as Fiji. This FBACC scorecard consists of four perspectives, eight critical factors and 24 criteria. Findings The results show that the overall FBACC score averages 40.75%, and all the perspectives scored below 50%, the benchmark. Only the CF “policy” scored 54.25% because of a high positive response of 82.3% for the “political leadership” criterion. The relative contributions of each perspective in constructing the overall score are distributed as 28%, 25%, 24% and 23% among planning, action, accountability and control, respectively. Research limitations/implications These results were complemented by the information shared during the interviews and confirmed that the existing political initiatives need to be effectively communicated and/or implemented in the financial system by the regulatory agencies. Practical implications This FBACC scorecard can be applied to other underdeveloped systems in emerging countries to assess the effectiveness of the sustainable banking regulations and/or guidelines in those countries in relation to the FBACC. It can also be applied to individual firms to assess their contribution to the FBACC. Originality/value To the authors’ best knowledge, this might be the first study in Fiji that considers the impact of climate-related financial risk on the Fijian financial system.

scholarly journals Breccia interlayer effects on steam-assisted gravity drainage performance: experimental and numerical study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qichen Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Kang ◽  
Huiqing Liu ◽  
Xiaohu Dong ◽  
Jian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Steam Chamber ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCurrently, the reservoir heterogeneity is a serious challenge for developing oil sands with SAGD method. Nexen’s Long Lake SAGD project reported that breccia interlayer was widely distributed in lower and middle part of reservoir, impeding the steam chamber expansion and heated oil drainage. In this paper, two physical experiments were conducted to study the impact of breccia interlayer on development of steam chamber and production performance. Then, a laboratory scale numerical simulation model was established and a history match was conducted based on the 3D experimental results. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of thickness and permeability of breccia layer was performed. The influence mechanism of breccia layer on SAGD performance was analyzed by comparing the temperature profile of steam chamber and production dynamics. The experimental results indicate that the existence of breccia interlayer causes a thinner steam chamber profile and longer time to reach the peak oil rate. And, the ultimate oil recovery reduced 15.8% due to much oil stuck in breccia interlayer areas. The numerical simulation results show that a lower permeability in breccia layer area has a serious adverse impact on oil recovery if the thickness of breccia layer is larger, whereas the effect of permeability on SAGD performance is limited when the breccia layer is thinner. Besides, a thicker breccia layer can increase the time required to reach the peak oil rate, but has a little impact on the ultimate oil recovery.

scholarly journals The role of cultural industries in modern cultural life of the region (on the example of N. D. Neustroev's comedy “Tieteybit”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Nurgun Vyacheslavovich Afanasev ◽  
Ul'yana Valer'evna Titova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Impact

The object of this research is the role of the comedy &ldquo;Tieteybit&rdquo; by N. D. Neustroev in cultural life of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The subject is the impact of modern creative industries upon cultural life of the region. On the example of Nikolay Denisovich Neustroev's comedy play &ldquo;Tieteybit&rdquo;, the authors examine the use of creative approaches towards preservation and popularization of cultural heritage of the Sakha people. It is noted that over the recent years, a major event in the development of spiritual culture and cultural life of the region overall has become the innovations introduced by the contemporaries in staging the Yakut comedies. Motifs of the comedy &ldquo;Tieteybit&rdquo; served as the prototype for staging the the first Yakut musical comedy, and even a film. A survey was conducted touching upon the following questions: are the innovations introduced in culture in form of a screen version of classical literature with the elements of innovation encourage the young generation to studying the Yakut cultural heritage?; what is the relevance of the work by N. D. Neustroev &ldquo;Tieteybit&rdquo;? The conclusions is made that in the XXI century, N. D. Neustroev's comedy &ldquo;Tieteybit&rdquo; has become one of the basics for the development of creative industry of the region. As an instrument for the development of regional culture, creative industry may play the strongest and highly effective role in the development of social life of the region.

scholarly journals Measuring the availability of “good jobs” in the United States for working-class men during the Great Recession and recovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Dill ◽  
Robert Francis
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Food Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Quality ◽  
Full Time ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Time Work ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we use the 2004, 2008, and 2014 panels of the Survey for Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to measure the impact of the Great Recession and recovery on the availability of “good jobs” for men without a college degree. We define “good jobs” using a cluster of job quality measures, including wage thresholds of at least $15, $20, or $25 per hour, employer-based health insurance, full-time work hours, and protection from layoff. We find that the Great Recession and aftermath (2008-2015) resulted in a 1-10% reduced probability of being in a “good job” across most industries, with especially large losses in manufacturing, retail, transportation, and food service (compared to 2004-2007). In the 2014 panel, there is only a slight post-recession recovery in the predicted probability of being in a “good job,” and the probability of being in a “good job” remains well below 2004 levels. Although the probability of being on layoff from a “good jobs” does decrease substantially in the 2014 cohort as compared to the rate of layoff during the Great Recession, our clustered measure of job quality shows that access to “good jobs” remains limited for most working-class men and that the recovery from the Recession has largely not reached the working-class.

scholarly journals Memoria y Estudios Culturales Un acercamiento al relato sobre la propia historia de vida en Raymond Williams y Richard Hoggart

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 015-031
Author(s):  
Sebastian Matias Stra
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Historia De Vida ◽  
Raymond Williams ◽  
Estudios Culturales

Este trabajo intentará recuperar, de forma parcial yfragmentaria, las maneras en que el testimonio en primerapersona articulado en el formato de memorias de lapropia historia de vida tiene un posible valor metodológicoen algunos textos seminales de la conformación de losestudios culturales ingleses.Hablamos particularmente del libro de 1957, The Usesof Literacy: Aspects of Working-class Life, with SpecialReference to Publications and Entertainments, de RichardHoggart y del tradicional artículo Culture is Ordinaryde Raymond Williams, publicado en 1958 y que incluyede forma más rudimentaria algunas definiciones queconformaron la primera parte de la obra del autor galés,constituida por los libros Culture and Society y The LongRevolution.

scholarly journals Pemodelan Prediksi Banjir Kota Medan Dengan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
M S Roganda
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Flood Modeling ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study aims to (1) Determine the results of inundation in Medan based on the scenario of rainfall intensity <60 mm / day and> 60 mm / day. (2) Determine the level of flood hazard based on flood inundation scenarios of rainfall intensity <60 mm / day and> 60 mm / day conducted in Medan City. (3) Determine the impact caused by the flooding based on interpretation techniques from the results of flood modeling conducted in Medan City. Data collection techniques used in this study are documentary study techniques. The data analysis technique was carried out with three stages, including (1) Determining the overflow results. (2) Determine the classification of flood hazard levels. (3) Identifying areas that affect flood hazard areas per district. The results in this study are (1) based on the scenario of rainfall intensity <60 mm / day, there is no inundation flooding, whereas based on the scenario of rainfall intensity> 60 mm / day shows several points of flood inundation especially in the northern part of Medan City. (2) flood hazard based on flood inundation scenario results in rainfall intensity <60 mm / day does not pose any danger at all whereas flood hazard based on flood inundation results rainfall intensity scenario> 60 mm / day shows that in the northern part there are two dominant classes namely class high and low, in the middle part of the city the dominant class terrain is medium and in the southern part of Medan City the dominance by medium and low classes. (3) Based on interpretation techniques carried out on the Flood Impact Map Based on Districts in Medan, it can be seen that several districts in Medan have several flood hazard classes such as low, medium, and high.Keywords: Medan City, Rain, Flood Modeling AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengetahui hasil banjir genangan di Kota Medan berdasarkan skenario intensitas curah hujan < 60 mm/hari dan > 60 mm/hari. (2) Mengetahui tingkat bahaya banjir berdasarkan hasil banjir genangan skenario intensitas curah hujan < 60 mm/hari dan > 60 mm/hari yang dilakukan di Kota Medan. (3) Mengetahui dampak yang disebabkan banjir berdasarkan teknik interpretasi dari hasil pemodelan banjir yang dilakukan di Kota Medan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik studi dokumenter. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan tiga tahapan diantaranya (1) Menentukan hasil luapan. (2) Menentukan klasifikasi tingkat bahaya banjir. (3) Mengidentifikasi wilayah-wilayah yang berdampak ke daerah bahaya banjir per kecamatan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) berdasarkan skenario intensitas curah hujan < 60 mm/hari tidak terjadi banjir genangan sedangkan berdasarkan skenario intensitas curah hujan > 60 mm/hari menunjukkan beberapa titik terjadi genangan banjir terutama di bagian utara Kota Medan. (2) bahaya banjir berdasarkan hasil banjir genangan skenario intensitas curah hujan < 60 mm/hari  tidak menimbulkan bahaya sama sekali sedangkan bahaya banjir berdasarkan hasil banjir genangan skenario intensitas curah hujan > 60 mm/hari  memperlihatkan  pada bagian utara ada dua kelas yang dominan yaitu kelas tinggi dan rendah, pada bagian tengah kota medan kelas yang dominan adalah sedang dan di bagian selatan Kota Medan dominasi oleh kelas sedang dan rendah. (3) Berdasarkan teknik interpretasi yang dilakukan pada Peta Dampak Banjir Berdasarkan Kecamatan Di Kota Medan terlihat bahwa beberapa kecamatan di Kota Medan memiliki beberapa kelas bahaya banjir seperti rendah, sedang dan tinggi.Kata Kunci : Kota Medan, Hujan, Pemodelan Banjir

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