scholarly journals UNDETECTED HEPATITIS-C VIRUS INFECTION IN HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: IMPORTANCE OF PCR HCV RNA AND ELIZA METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 182-185
Author(s):  
Yasir Hussain ◽  
Roshina Anjum ◽  
Nazish Munawar ◽  
Zahra Fatima ◽  
Saba Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease ◽  
Pcr Method

Haemodialysis (HD) is one of the most common type of renal replacement therapy (RRT) used for end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Hepatitis-C is the most frequent infection in haemodialysis. Early detection of this viral infection can lead to early treatment, lesser morbidity and mortality. PCR test is being used instead of Elisa in centres where HCV infection is more prevalent as PCR for HCV RNA is considered more reliable than Eliza in haemodialysis patients. Objective: To assess the accuracy of Eliza and PCR method for the detection of Hepatitis-C viral infection in haemodialysis patients. Study design: Cross-sectional Study. Settings: Dialysis centre of DHQ hospital Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan in January 2018. Materials and Methods: All patients who were on maintenance haemodialysis for more than six months were included in the study. Patients with acute kidney disease and on dialysis less than six months were excluded. All patients were tested by enzymes linked immune-sorbent essay (ELIZA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for HCV status. Results: Out of 152 haemodialysis patients tested, 94 (61.84%) cases were positive by both ELIZA and PCR methods while 6 (3.94%) cases with negative ELIZA were PCR positive. Number of dialysis, blood transfusions and serology were important risk factors with significant p value. (<0.05) Conclusion: In centres where Hepatitis-C is more prevalent, PCR for HCV RNA should be preferred over ELIZA method for early detection of HCV viral infection.

scholarly journals Acquiring Hepatitis-C Viral Infection during Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients at DHQ Hospital Sheikhupura:

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaris Hussain ◽  
Anum Sabir ◽  
Saba Naz ◽  
Nazish Munawar ◽  
Roshina Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Acute Kidney Disease

Background: End stage kidney disease (ESKD) is one of the end results of chronic kidney disease. In center hemodialysis is the most common renal replacement therapy (RRT) for these patients used in Pakistan. It is associated with increased risk of health care-related infections. Hepatitis-C is the frequent blood born viral infection in hemodialysis center. Its frequency is very high in hemodialysis patients as compared to general and even to thalassemia population. Purpose of the study: To assess the gravity of Hepatitis-C viral infection in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study done in dialysis center of DHQ hospital Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan in January 2018. All the patients who had started hemodialysis with HCV negative status and had remained on hemodialysis for more than three months were included in the study. Patients with Hepatitis-C positive status, acute kidney disease and on dialysis less than three months were excluded. All patients were tested by enzymes linked immune-sorbent essay (ELISA) method for HCV status. Results: Out of 153 Hepatitis-C negative patients at the time of initiation of dialysis, 60 (39.21 %) converted positive while 93 (60.78 %) were still HCV negative by ELISA method at the time of study. Number of dialysis were having significant p value. Conclusion: Most of the patients had acquired Hepatitis-C infection during in-center hemodialysis. This emphasizes the importance of stringent infection prevention and control practices

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF VIROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B & C CO-INFECTION

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-468
Author(s):  
JAVED IQBAL FAROOQI ◽  
RUKHSANAJAVED FAROOQI ◽  
RIAZMUHAMMAD ◽  
ZAFAR ALI ◽  
ABDURREHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Both HBV super-infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C and HCV super-infectionin patients with chronic hepatitis B have been reported. In case of co-infection, hepatitis B and C interactwith each other and affect immune responses resulting in active HCV with inactive HBV, active HBVwith inactive HCV, both active and both inactive. The objective of our study was to find out andcorrelate the virological and clinical profile in our patients with chronic hepatitis B and C co-infection.Material and Methods: This observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted atMedical ‘A’ Ward, PGMI, LRH Peshawar and Author’s Private Hepatology Clinic, from July 2010 toJune 2014. All patients with HBsAg and Anti-HCV Reactive by ELISA for more than six months wereincluded in the study. Following investigations were carried out in these patients: Serum ALT, HBeAg,anti-HBe, HBV DNA PCR, HCV RNA PCR, and abdominal ultrasound. Data was entered and analyzedusing SPSS version 16.0.Results: A total of 130 patients were included in the analysis, out of which 81 (62.3%) were males.Mean age of patients was 40.52±14.27 years. Majority of patients belonged to age-group of 21-30 years.Mean serum ALT of patients was 83.69±60.48 U/L. Majority of patients belonged to ALT-Group of 41-80 U/L. Hepatitis C Virus was the dominant virus in 53% of patients. Chronic Hepatitis was thedominant clinical profile in 73% of patients.Conclusion: Hepatitis C Virus is the dominant virus in our patients with BC co-infection. There is nostatistically significant association between virological and clinical profile of these patients.Key Words: Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, BC Co-infection, Chronic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis,Hepatocellular Carcinoma

scholarly journals Women’s knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Elia Ika Rahmawati ◽  
Dini Andriyani ◽  
Fathiyatur Rohmah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the world. In Indonesia, only 5% of women of reproductive age screen for cervical cancer. 76.6% of cervical cancer patients are detected with the disease when they entered the advanced stage. Early detection of cervical cancer is the key intervention in the reduction of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Other studies reported that the awareness of women of reproductive age to do cervical cancer screening is still very low due to a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the correlation of knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer in women in reproductive age. This study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used incidental sampling with a total of 36 women in reproductive age. Data analysis used Chi-Square test. Statistical results showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer and participation in early detection of cervical cancer, which is p value = 0.020 ( 0.05) and coefficient of contingency (r) = 0.423. The level of closeness of the correlation is medium. Therefore, there is a need for tailored services that could improve knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer to improve participation with a view to preventing cervical cancer by early detection.

scholarly journals PRE DIALYSIS PATIENTS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Syed Hidayet Ali ◽  
Bagwan Das ◽  
Agha Taj ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Besham Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Duration Of Disease

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an alarmingly increasingcondition from day to day andit is assumed that malnutrition is co-existent in patients withchronic renal failure (CRF). Malnutrition also occurs in pre-dialysis patients. Such patientshave reduced body weight, depleted fat (energy) stores, loss of somatic protein (low musclemass) and low levels of different plasma proteins like pre-albumin albumin, transferrin, andothers. Objective: To ascertain the frequency of malnutrition in dialysis independent patientsof chronic kidney disease. Setting: Department of nephrology, Jinnah Postgraduate MedicalCentre Karachi. Duration of study: 6 month from 1 June 2013 – 1 December 2013. Studydesign: cross sectional study. Subjects and methods: Patients with chronic kidney disease(GFR <60ml/min/1.73m2) on conservative management irrespective of cause and sex werestudied. All Patients with CKD stage 3 and onwards i. ecreatinine clearance less than 60ml/min/1.73m2for more than 6 months were considered. Descriptive analysis of these patientswas done by: Calculating mean ± SD for age and duration of disease. Male to female ratiowas calculated. Frequency of malnutrition in undialysed patients was calculated. The effectmodifier of age, gender, duration of disease was controlled through stratification. Chi squaretest was applied and p value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Result: Out of 137 patients, 80were males and 57 were females and the mean age of patients was 58 ±5.8. Mean duration ofdisease was 5.2 ±1.05. Moderate malnutrition cases were 58(42.3%) while severe malnutritionwas observed in 32(23.35%) cases. Conclusion: Patients of chronic kidney disease were foundto be at risk of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among Blood Donors at Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Sabina Rai ◽  
Pranita Dongol ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Donated Blood

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are the chronic viral infection that might be transmitted by blood transfusion. Nepal is known to have lowest seroprevalence in Asia. The main objective of the present study is to find out the prevalence of hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and their co-infection among blood donors during study period from March to August 2014. This was a cross sectional study among volunteer blood donors in Dharan who had donated the Blood. A total of 4930 donated blood samples were collected and screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C by using a rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique. Among 4930 blood samples under study, the overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B were 0.22% (11 out of 4930) and hepatitis C were 0.39% (19 out of 4930) (P value = 0.01) and the prevalence being lower in females than males for both cases. Hepatitis B were more in age group of 21 -30 (0.4%) but hepatitis C in age group of 31-40 (0.5%). Hepatitis B and C are potential threats to be transmitted from unscreened blood.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):13-16

T Allele of the DRD2 Taq1A Gene Polymorphism Increases the Predisposition to Drug Addiction in Indonesia Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Ramadhan ◽  
Faisal Rahman ◽  
Ahmad Hamim Sadewa ◽  
Zullies Ikawati
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
And Control

Background: Dopamine plays an important role in mediating the rewarding properties in the abuse of drugs. The Taq1A polymorphism is a commonly studied DRD2 gene variant whereby carriers of the low-function T allele (T/T or T/C genotypes) show reduced brain dopamine function. Therefore, individuals who have the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism will experience higher levels of drug addiction because the T allele is associated with a reduced number of dopamine binding sites in the brain. A study of this gene has been conducted in some areas but there is no research for the population of Indonesia. Objective: This study will focus on the frequency of DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism in the population of Indonesia and define its association with drug addiction. Method: This is an a-cross sectional study in which 182 subjects are divided into 91 drug-addicted patients and 91 nondrug-addicted control subjects. The genotype analysis was carried out by a modified allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. Likewise, the T allele is more frequent in the addicted equal to 38% compared to only 2% in the control subjects. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significantly different (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Results: The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. Likewise, the T allele is more frequent in the addicted equal to 38% compared to only 2% in the control subjects. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significantly different (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Conclusion: A high frequency of the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism between addicted patients and control subject groups. Thus, there is an association between the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism and the development of drug addiction with T allele increases the predisposition to addiction.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C in prisoners and non-prisoners in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Cristina Falquetto ◽  
Denise Coutinho Endringer ◽  
Tadeu Uggere de Andrade ◽  
Dominik Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Espirito Santo ◽  
The City

The aim of the present work was to compare hepatitis C prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors between prisoners and non-prisoners in the city of Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study involved approximately 1,600 residents and 730 prisoners, all of whom were living in Colatina. The percentage of individuals who tested positive for anti-HCV was 0.1% (2/1,600) in the non-prisoner group and 1.0% (7/730) in the prisoner group, confirming a higher risk of hepatitis C in the latter group. The percentage of subjects who progressed to HCV-RNA negative was 11.1% (1/9), confirming the high probability of evolution to chronicity. Genotype 1 was the most predominant genotype found. Factors associated with increased risk of hepatitis C were being male, being institutionalized, having an income of less than three minimum wages, having low educational attainment, and using injected drugs. Alcohol use, pain in the liver, migraine, and reported history of hepatitis were markedly associated with hepatitis C. The prison population tested positive for anti-HCV at a higher rate than the non-prison population.

scholarly journals Change in hepatitis C virus positivity among needle-stick injury source patients: a 10-year experience in a Japanese tertiary hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Okushin ◽  
Rie Suzuki ◽  
Takeya Tsutsumi ◽  
Koh Okamoto ◽  
Kazuhiko Ikeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Needle Stick

Abstract Background As a blood-borne pathogen, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has long been a major threat associated with needle-stick injuries (NSIs) mainly because no vaccine is available for HCV. Following an NSI, we usually test the source patient for HCV antibody (HCV-Ab). Since HCV-Ab positivity does not necessarily indicate current infection, HCV RNA is further examined in patients positive for HCV-Ab. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have enabled us to treat most HCV-infected patients; therefore, we speculate that the rate of HCV RNA positivity among HCV-Ab-positive patients decreased after the emergence of DAAs. This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the change in the actual HCV RNA positivity rate in source patients before and after the interferon (IFN)-free DAA era. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of NSI source patients at a tertiary academic hospital in Japan from 2009 to 2019. IFN-free DAA regimens were first introduced in Japan in 2014. Accordingly, we compared HCV status of NSI source patients that occurred between 2009 and 2014 (the era before IFN-free DAAs) with those that occurred between 2015 and 2019 (the era of IFN-free DAAs) in a tertiary care hospital in Japan. Results In total, 1435 NSIs occurred, and 150 HCV-Ab-positive patients were analyzed. The proportion of HCV RNA-positive patients significantly changed from 2009 through 2019 (p = 0.005, Cochran–Armitage test). Between 2009 and 2014, 102 source patients were HCV-Ab-positive, 78 of whom were also positive for HCV RNA (76.5%; 95%CI, 67.4–83.6%). Between 2015 and 2019, 48 patients were HCV-Ab-positive, 23 of whom were also positive for HCV RNA (47.9%; 95%CI, 34.5–61.7%; p = 0.0007 compared with 2009–2014). In the era of IFN-free DAAs, 9 of 23 HCV RNA-negative patients (39.1%) and 2 of 22 HCV RNA-positive patients (9.1%) were treated with an IFN-free combination of DAAs (p = 0.0351). Regarding the departments where NSIs occurred, HCV RNA-negative patients were predominant in departments not related to liver diseases in the era of IFN-free DAAs (p = 0.0078, compared with 2009–2014). Conclusions Actual HCV RNA positivity in source patients of NSIs decreased after the emergence of IFN-free DAAs. IFN-free DAAs might have contributed to this reduction, and HCV RNA-negative patients were predominant in departments not related to liver diseases in the era of IFN-free DAAs.

scholarly journals Subjective global assessment of the patients of chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Arvind Gupta ◽  
Anubha Srivastava ◽  
Upma Narain ◽  
Parag Saraswat
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Subjective Global Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
R Value

Background: Malnutrition is an important risk factor in patients with chronic kidney disease and in those undergoing maintenance dialysis. Subjective global assessment is a reliable method to evaluate malnutrition in these patients. This study aims to evaluate malnutrition in patients of chronic kidney disease using subjective global assesment score.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at SRN Hospital, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India on patients attending Nephrology Unit from July 2014 to May 2015.The nutritional status of 100 patients was evaluated using dietary recall, anthropometry, biochemical parameter and subjective global assessment. There were 67 males and 23 females. Their mean age was 46.8 years. Subjective global assessment was done using 7 variables derived from medical history and physical examination. Each variable was scored from 1-5 depending on the severity. The subjective global assessment score was correlated with the standard methods.Results: Out of 100 patients 29% were mildly malnourished, 64% were moderately malnourished and 7% were severely malnourished. The age, triceps thickness, serum urea and cholesterol were correlated with the malnutrition score (r value 0.2, -0.3, 0.2, 0.4 respectively and p-value 0.3, 0.002, 0.007, 0.001 respectively). It was found that the serum albumin (r value -0.21, p-value 0.42) level did not correlate well with the subjective global assessment.Conclusions: The subjective global assessment can be used reliably to assess the malnutrition in the patients of chronic kidney disease and hence useful in prognostication of disease and is a convenient bedside tool, operable even with  paramedics.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Knowledge and Breast Cancer Early Detection through BSE/Breast Self Examination in Nglames Villages Madiun

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Rika Maya Sari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Self Examination ◽  
Cancer Early Detection ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Improve Health

In Indonesia, based on data from the Global Burden of Cancer (Globocan), breast cancer inwomen (26 per 100,000), followed by uterus cancer (16 per 100,000). The easiest way and does notrequire a fee for early detection of breast cancer is the breast self examination (BSE). The purpose ofstudy was to analyze the correlation of women knowledge and early detection of breast cancer throughthe BSE. The design was analytic cross sectional study with the sample of 98 mothers in the villageNglames Madiun district. The data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed with Chi Square.The results showed most women had the knowledge and efforts of BSE well and there was a correlationsbetween women’s knowledge and early detection of breast cancer through the BSE with a significancelevel of p value 0,010 <0,05. The women were expected to enhance the knowledge about early detectionof breast cancer and for health centers to improve health education efforts in the community about theimportance of early detection of breast cancer.

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