scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican Sunflower) on semen characteristic and morphology in male Wistar albino rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
J. O. Olukunle ◽  
E. B. Jacobs ◽  
J. A. Oyewusi ◽  
L. A. Durotoye ◽  
E. O. Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves on semen characteristics and spermatozoa morphology Wistar rats. The rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) and treated daily with 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves respectively for 28 days while 5ml/kg of distilled water was given to the control group D. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and sperm characteristics, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. Aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaves caused a dose-dependent decrease in the progressive sperm motility of the Wistar rats with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the group dosed with 1600mg/kg (62.50±7.5) when compared with the control (93.75±1.3). It also cause a dose-dependent decrease in the sperm count with a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the group dosed with 1600mg (69.75±0.5) when compared with the control (129.0±5.0). Some sperm abnormalities vise headless tail (321.5±0.3), tailless head (171.00±50.0) and bent tail (3766.0±320.5) were significantly increased in the group dosed with 1,600mg/kg while histopathological evaluation of the festis and epididymis revealed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis of the germinal epithelia cell of the seminiferous tubules. Spermiostasis and complete epididymal aspermia were also observed. Tithonia diversifolia aqueous leaf extract has significant anti-spermatogenic effects on adult male Wistar rats which could impair reproductive activities in these rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Lippia multiflora leaf extract on the semen of Wistar rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
J. O. Olukunle ◽  
E. S. Ajibola ◽  
K. T. Biobaku ◽  
B. S. Okediran ◽  
O. A. Akinkuotu
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lippia Multiflora ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

To investigate the effect of Lippia multiflora (Verbanaceae) on the reproductive activity of male Wistar rats, three groups (A,B and C) of rats were treated with 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day of Lippia multiflora leaves extract respectively for 28 days while 5ml/kg of distilled water was given to the control group D. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and sperm characteristics, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. Lippia multiflora leaf extract caused a significant reduction (P<0.05) in sperm motility, a statistically significant dose dependent reduction in the sperm count and a significant (P<0.05) dose dependent increase in morphological abnormalities of the spermatozoa of the treated rats. Histopathological evaluation of the testis and epididymis revealed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis of the germinal epithelia cell of the seminiferous tubules, spermiostasis and complete epididymal aspermia. Lippia multiflora leaf extract has significant anti-spermatogenic effects on adult male Wistar rats which could impair reproductive activities in these rats

scholarly journals Hibiscus sabdariffa Aqueous Leaf Extract Reverses Hematological Alterations in Phenylhydrazine Anemic Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
E. B. Umoren ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
I. Wopara ◽  
O. G. Adebayo ◽  
B. Ben-Azu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hb Concentration

Background: The extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa commonly known as Sobo is widely consumed for its nutritional and health benefits. This study investigated the effect of aqueous leaf extract of  H. sabdariffa on anemic condition caused by phenylhydrazine in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 received distilled water and served as control. Group 2 received phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg, i.p.). Group 3 was treated with phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to administration of (200 mg/kg, p.o.) aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (Sobo) once daily for 14 days. At the end, 2 ml blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture into clean sample bottles containing ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) for hematological analyses. Results: Sobo significantly increased (P<0.05) hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) in the phenylhdrazine-treated rats. Also, Sobo significantly (P<0.05) increased total white blood cell (TWBC) in phenylhydrazine administered rats. However, the extract did not produce any significant effect on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) relative to control and anemic groups. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed that the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa demonstrates anti-anemic effect in rats treated with phenylhydrazine, suggesting its ethno-pharmacological beneficial effect in anemic conditions.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF P. AMERICANALEAF ON HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Ngozi a ◽  
◽  
N. Omeke ◽  
Haruna M. Ndahi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Given the medicinal importance of the avocado plant in alternative medicine,the present study aimed to study the effect of the phytochemical content of P. americana leaf extract on the hematological system of albino rats. Albino rats were obtained andclustered into sixgroups,with five rats per groupsimultaneously were assigned experimental and control. The rats in the experimental group were administered with varying doses of the prepared aqueous extract of P. americanawithin the period of the study. The rats in the control group were administered with other substances such as water and feed for the study period.The hematological system of the experimental animal was assessed after the administration of the extract, and it was observed that the aqueous extract of P. americana leaf recorded no significant adverse effect on the hematology system of the experimental study animal.

scholarly journals Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 075-081
Author(s):  
A. Akinlolu ◽  
O. Akinola ◽  
P. Khobe ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of aqueous extract of Nerium oleander flowers in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Shashikala G. H. ◽  
Shilpa B. N. ◽  
Mansi J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Anxiety has become a very important area of research interest in psychopharmacology as it affects one-eighth of the population worldwide. Benzodiazepines are still the most commonly used drugs for anxiety despite a number of side effects.There is a need for newer antianxiety drugs with increased safety and efficacy, hence this study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of Nerium oleander flowers.Methods: Aqueous extract of Nerium oleander flowers (NA) was prepared using soxhalet apparatus. A total of 24 Albino rats aged 8-10 weeks of either sex weighing about 100-150g were obtained and divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I: Normal saline 10mL/kg. Group II: Diazepam 2mg/kg Group III: NA at a dose of 200 mg/kg Group IV: NA at a dose of 400mg/kg. The anxiolytic activity of Aqueous extract of NA was tested by elevated plus maze and digital actophotometer models. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA followed by Posthoc Tukey’s test.Results: In EPM model, the NA at 200, 400mg/kg doses showed that the number of entries and time spent in the open arms were increased significantly as compared to the control animals. (p<0.001). In Actophoptometer model, two different doses of NA (200 and 400mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent decrease in the locomotor activity, when compared to the control animals (p<0.001).Conclusions: Both the doses of aqueous extract of Nerium oleander flowers (200mg and 400mg/kg) possess anxiolytic activity and could be used as a new approach to treat anxiety.

scholarly journals The Immuno-modulatory and Thrombocytopaenic Effects of the Varying Concentrations of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Moringa Oleifera in Male Albino Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ojeka Sunday Ogbu ◽  
Zabbey Victor Zigabelbari
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Introduction: Moringa oleifera and related species are commonly used in folk medicine for various human diseases. Aim: The study was undertaken to establish the thrombocytopenic effect of the aqueous leaf extract of moringa oleifera and to find the utilization of platelet parameters in determining the cause of the thrombocytopenia. Methodology: Fresh leaves of moringa were dried and extracted with water. Thirty (30) male albino Wistar rats, weighing between 150-250 g, which were kept under uniform laboratory conditions, were randomly divided into five (5) groups (A-E), based on their weights. The control group (group A) was orally given 0.5 ml of distilled water while the treatment groups (groups B to E) were orally given 250 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg,650 mg/kg and 850 mg/kg body weight respectively of the extract, once a day, for 56days and then sacrificed. At the end of the administration, blood samples were collected from each rat and examined for platelet indices. The effects of treatment with aqueous leaf extract of moringa oleifera on the platelet parameters were compared with the control group. Result: The rats treated with the extract, showed a decrease in platelet count and platelet crit while there was a significant increase in the platelet distribution width, mean platelet volume and immature platelet fraction, concerning the control. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of moringa oleifera is therefore shown to modulate the immune system and cause thrombocytopaenia, through platelet destruction.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment effects against the diclofenac-induced toxicity by the aqueous leaf extract of Madhuca longifolia on female Wistar albino rats for 10 and 15 days

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Jerine Peter Simon ◽  
Sibi Karthik Saravanan ◽  
Jayashree Sathiyaranayanan ◽  
Radhakrishnan Vidya ◽  
Usha Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Madhuca Longifolia ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Enzyme Markers

Diclofenac is used to treat rheumatism disorders, which are associated with the damages of renal, gastric and hepatic organs. Diclofenac is a pharmaceutical drug that is known to induce toxicity on its overdosage and long-term usage. Madhuca longifolia is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity. It is an evergreen tree that is reported to have many ethnomedicinal uses. The other properties of Madhuca longifolia include anti-diabetic, analgesic and anti-microbial activities. Our study aims to evaluate the pre-treatment activity against the diclofenac-induced toxicity by the Madhuca longifolia aqueous leaf extract in Wistar albino rats for 10 and 15 days. Rats were divided as Group-I: Normal control, Group-II: Diclofenac on the last two days, Group-III and group-IIIa: Diclofenac + Aqueous Leaf Extract of Madhuca longifolia, Group-IV and group-IVb: Diclofenac + Silymarin, Group -V and group-Va: Aqueous Madhuca longifolia leaf extract. After the sacrifice, the rats were studied for antioxidant assay, renal enzyme markers, liver enzyme markers, and histopathological analysis of the kidney, stomach, intestine, and liver. As a result, we could identify that Madhuca longifolia has reduced the toxic changes in rats caused by diclofenac.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin using albino rat

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
NWAOGWUGWU JOEL, FRIDAY UHEGBU ◽  
OKEREKE STANLEY, EGEGE AMAKA, ATASI OKECHUKWU
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin using albino rat was carried out. Twenty-five albino rats were grouped into five groups of five rats each. Group 1 served as the control, while groups 2-5 served as the test groups. The test groups were placed on different doses of the studied leaf extract after the lethal dose was determined. The studied extractconsists mainly of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloid, tannins and cyanogenic glycosides, which have considerable therapeutic values, and reduced body weight considerably in test rats against the control. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)in test rats reduced significantly (p<0.05) when compared to the control. However, the observed histopathological changes associated with the kidney and liver of test rats against those of the control may suggest that the toxicity of the extract could be dose dependent. This study has shown the toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of S. mombin using albino rat.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN HAEMOSTATIC PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS FOLLOWING REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BROWN ONION (ALLUMCEPAL.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
ZUBERU JIBRIL ◽  
SANI SANUSI
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Group I

Objective: The study investigated changes in haemostatic parameters such as; bleeding time, blood clotting time and differential platelet counts of wistar rats following repeated administration of aqueous extract of allum cepa L. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups of four animals each (n=4). Group I served as normal control, Group II, group IIIand group IV were administered 25 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw of the extract intra-peritoneally for two weeks, respectively. After 14 d experimental period, blood samples were collected for the determination of bleeding time, clotting time and differential platelet count. Results: The findings of this study revealed a significantly increased (p<0.05) clotting time at a dose of 25 mg/kg but showed no significant change in bleeding time and differential platelet count of all the groups. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of brown onion showed anti haemostatic effect in albino rats by increasing clotting time at a lower dose.

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