scholarly journals Evaluation of haemoglobin variants of Red Sokoto goats and Yankasa sheep in Beji, Niger State, Nigeria: Effect on body weight and reproductive parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
H. Garba ◽  
J. Musa ◽  
S .S. A. Egena ◽  
I. C. Alemede
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Blood was sampled from 76 Red Sokoto (RS) goats and 76 Yankasa Sheep (YS) to evaluate Haemoglobin (Hb) genotypes and their effect on body weight and some reproductive parameters of the animals. The blood samples were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The electrophoretic test revealed the presence of three co-dominant alleles (A, B and C) which produced four haemoglobin genotypes (AA, AB, BB andBC) in RS goats, and two codominantalleles (AandB) which gave rise to two haemoglobin genotypes (AA and AB) in YS. The frequencies of alleles A, B and C were 0.32, 0.61 and 0.07 in RS goats; and 0.945 and 0.055 for alleles A and B in YS. The estimated heterozygosities were 0.406 and 0.118 in RS goats and YS while the estimated inbreeding coefficients were 0.009 and 0.008 in the RS goats and YS, respectively. The observed and expected genotype frequencies deviated significantly from the expected Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P 0.05;chi-square=7.82for RS goats, P 0.01;chi-square = 13.13 for YS).There were significant (P<0.05) differences observed in the body weight of male YS as a result of the Hb type; individuals with Hb AB were observed to have higher body weight (44.00 kg) compared to those with Hb AA (22.83 kg).No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed however in the body weight of RS goats. Male YS with Hb AB had longer (P 0.05) scrotum (26.00 kg) and wider scrotal circumference (33.00 kg) compared to those with Hb AA (18.83kg;25.67kg,respectively). No significant (P>0.05) difference was however observed in there productive parameters of RS goats. It was concluded that polymorphism exist at the Hb locus in the YS and RS goats sampled in Beji and this had an influence on body weight and the reproductive parameters evaluated particularly in the sheep. More heterozygotes were also observed in the population studied there by leading to alow rate of in breeding coefficient in the animals.

scholarly journals Polymorphism of gene glutathion-s-transferase Pi in teenagers from Buryat ethnic group living in the irkutsk region

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Беляева ◽  
Elena Belyaeva ◽  
Ершова ◽  
Oksana Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Gstp1 Gene

Human glutathione-S-transferases play an important role in phase II detoxification process. But poly-morphism in the GSTP1 gene has not been studied in certain populations.Aim: to determine the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of GSTP1 gene in teenagers from Buryat ethnic group.Materials and methods. Blood samples were obtained from 55 teenagers from Buryat ethnic group. There were 28 males and 27 females with an age of 14.05±0.99 years over the range of 13 to 16. DNA was isolated from blood samples. The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify A313G and C341T markers of the GSTP1 gene. Chi-square testing was used to evaluate the significant difference of the GSTP1 genotype frequencies between observed and expected values.Results. Allele and genotype frequencies of A313G and C341T markers GSTP1 were determined in teenagers from Buryat ethnic group. The study showed that the frequencies of A and G alleles at the A313G marker were 0.809 and 0.191 while those of C and T alleles at the C341T marker were 0.973 and 0.027, respectively. The distribution of the genotype frequencies at the A313G marker were consistent with expected in a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=0 .77; d.f.=1; p&#62;0.05). However, the distribution of the genotype frequencies at the C341T marker were not consistent with expected in a Hardy – Weinberg equilibrium (χ2= 0.043; d.f.= 1; p&#60;0.05). It was because the homozygous of T allele was not found in the ethnic group of Buryat.

scholarly journals Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽  
Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽  
Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽  
Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽  
Thatiana Maia Tolentino
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

scholarly journals Evidence of Regeneration of Testicular and Epididymal Tissue Structure and Function Following Withdrawal from Sub-chronic Khat Exposure: Studies in the Rabbit Animal Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Albert W. Nyongesaa ◽  
Esther M. Malukib ◽  
Jemimah A. Simbaunib
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Function

Khat, Catha edulis, use is rampant in Eastern Africa and Middle East countries with associated reports of reproductive function impairment in the body of the user. Reports on recovery post long-term khat exposure are obscure. The present study investigated evidence of restoration of testicular and epididymal structure and function during withdrawal from cytotoxic damage caused by sub-chronic exposure of khat extract. Twenty-eight male rabbits were divided into 7 groups of 4 rabbits each. Group I (control) was administered normal saline while groups II, III and IV were administered 1.0 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg body weight of khat extract, respectively, via oral gavage on alternate days of the week for 12 weeks. Blood samples from animals were collected for hormonal assays followed by euthanasia using 26.4 mg/kg body weight of Sagatal sodium intramuscularly for testicular and epididymal histology. Group V, VI and VII were administered 1.0 g/kg, 10 g/kg and 20 g/kg body weight of khat extract, respectively, orally on alternate days of the week for 12 weeks followed by 1-month withdrawal period, blood samples collected for hormone assays and animals sacrificed for testicular and epididymal histology. High khat dose, 20 g/kg body weight, at sub-chronic exposure caused degeneration in spermatogenic cells with accompanying decrease in plasma FSH and testosterone. Histological output of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and epididymal epithelium appeared unaffected in treatment groups. Post withdrawal data showed apparent regeneration of seminiferous epithelium and restoration of plasma FSH and testosterone comparable to control. It appears khat extract preferentially affected germ cell spermatogonia and subsequent daughter cells while stem cell spermatogonia were unaffected and contributed to regeneration of germinal epithelium and endocrine function.

Endocrine changes and their relationship with body weight in growing yaks

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Tian Yongqiang ◽  
Zhao Xingxu ◽  
Wang Minqiang ◽  
Lu Zhonglin ◽  
Zhang Rongchang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Grass Growth

AbstractThe concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin (Ins), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in blood samples of growing yaks during different bimonthly seasons were determined by radioimmunoassay. The changes of body weight of growing yaks and composition of grass grazed were measured accordingly. The seasonal changes of hormones were significant (P < 0·01 or P < 0·05). Within season, the variances of hormones depended upon the different growing stages. The body-weight gains in the different groups varied in different seasons, increase being significant in May, July and September, decrease being significant from January to May. Correlation analysis indicated that T4 concentration had a significant positive correlation with the body weight of the growing yaks(r = 0·2509, P < 0·05) and other hormones did not have any significant correlation with body weight. The results showed that the annual cycle of weight loss and gain was attributed to the seasonal change of nutrition status. The seasonal change of the assayed hormones depended on the grass growth.

scholarly journals PRLR-AluI Gene Polymorphism And Litter Size Traits In Highly Prolific Line Of Topigs 20 Sows

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Menčik ◽  
Vlado Vuković ◽  
Mario Modrić ◽  
Marija Špehar ◽  
Mario Ostović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to identify the Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) gene polymorphism related to litter size traits. The study included 101 Topigs 20 line of sows with 426 litters. The traits studied were: Total Number of Born (TNB), Number of Born Alive (NBA), Number of Still Born (NSB), and Number of MUMmified (NMUM) piglets. Polymorphism was identified with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Allelic and genotype frequencies and deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were verified with the chi-square test. Analysis of litter size traits was performed using the General Linear Model, which included the potential environmental effects. Additive and dominant allele variances were observed by the regression procedure. In the studied population of sows, the frequency of heterozygotes (0.5149) for PRLR gene exceeded the total number of AA (0.0198) and BB (0.4653) homozygotes, which resulted in a high proportion of B allele (0.7228). The results for PRLR showed statistically significant (P<0.05) differences in first parity sows between BB and AB genotypes for TNB and NBA. Significant differences(P<0.05) were recorded in third parity sows between BB and AB genotypes for NBA, and in AA genotypeversusAB and BB genotypes for NMUM. The fourth and subsequent parity sows of AA genotype had a significantly higher (P<0.05) rate of NBA as compared with those of AB and BB genotypes. In all parities analysed, the difference between the BB and AB genotypes for NBA was statistically significant (P<0.05). Interpretation of the results at the levels of phenotypes and either additive or dominant variance was quite difficult due to the small number of AA homozygous sows. The calculation model yielded a significant effect (P<0.05) as well as tendency (P<0.1) for the mentioned effects except for age at first farrowing.

scholarly journals Relationship between body weight and leptin concentrations in mink dams and the birth parameters of kits

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bryl ◽  
Hanna Bis-Wencel ◽  
Brygida Ślaska ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the leptin concentration and body weight of mink females on the birth parameters of their kits. Blood samples were collected 3 times during preparation for reproduction, 7±2 days before mating. Total leptin concentration in serum was measured using commercial RIA kits (Millipore, St. Charles, Missouri USA). Research was conducted on 20 clinically healthy scanbrown female minks (Neovison Vison) aged 2-3 years. To evaluate their body condition, the females were divided into two groups based on the BCS scoring system. In the first group, referred to as BCS 2, lean females were included, and the second group (BCS 4) consisted of obese females. In mink dams belonging to BCS 2, the average leptin values were one-fourth of those in the BCS 4 group. The results obtained indicate the influence of the body mass of minks during preparation for reproduction on serum leptin concentration. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed a statistically significant difference between weights and leptin concentrations in groups BCS 2 and BCS 4. Among the other traits, such differences were not found. The analysis of results obtained in the two mink groups did not reveal a clear relationship between leptin in the serum of mothers before mating and the birth parameters of their kits.

scholarly journals Profile of Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) of female Bali breed cattle transported by traditional vessel from Sumbawa to Pontianak

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Nichlah Rifqiyah ◽  
Hindar Panguji ◽  
Irkham Widiyono ◽  
Pudji Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Transportation Stress

<p class="Abstract">Transportation of livestock using traditional vessel is one of traditional methodused to fulfill the needs of beef. It requires precise handling because it may cause stress in animals. Transportation stress causing 8 to 11 % of animal death, decreasing the body weight up to 8 % and decreasing reproductive performance of animals. This study aimed to determine the profile of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones in 1 to 2 y.o female Bali breeding cattle transported from Sumbawa to Pontianak for 120 h using 100 GT traditional vessel with two floors and a capacity of 300 to 400 heads. Five cows were selected by purposive sampling. Blood samples were taken three times: before transportation (at Sumbawa Animal Quarantine Installation), during loading (at traditional vessel) and after transportation (at Pontianak Animal Quarantine Installation) then tested by ELISA to determine the profile of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The result showed that there was a decline in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentration, they increased during loading, decreased during docking, and decreased further when the livestock were at Animal Quarantine Installation. Therefore, transportation affects the profile of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It would be concluded that transportation affected hormone of T3 and T4. <o:p></o:p></p>

scholarly journals COMPARISONS OF SOME REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS IN RED SOKOTO AND KANO BROWN BREEDS OF BUCKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
I. S. BUTSWAT ◽  
D. T. ZAHARADDEEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Some reproductive parameters of one-year-old 20 of each Red Sokoto and Kano Brown bucks were investigated. For the Red Sokoto and Kano Brown breeds of bucks, the mean (±S.E.) body weight, body condition score, scrotal circumference, testes weight, testes volume, epididymal length, epididymal volume, epididymal weight, testes sperm and epididymal sperm were 13.84± 0.54 vs 11.69 ± 0.35kg, 2.15±0.08 vs 2.10± 0.07, 19.83± 0.36 vs 18.27± 0.49cm, 36.41± 1.89 vs 29.70±1.98g, 35.63± 1.87 vs 29.48± 1.9ml, 10.67±0.20 vs 9.66± 0.25cm, 6.16± 0.23 vs 5.44±0.31ml 6.46± 0.24 vs 5.53± 0.34g, 0.24± 0.02 vs 0.16± 0.01 x 109 and 2.47± 0.16 vs 1.59± 0.16 x 109 respectively, and were significantly different between the breeds. The percentage epididymal segments mass and sperm were also depicted. There were highly significant correlations between many of the reproductive parameters in both breeds. The Red Sokoto bucks seem more adapted than the Kano Brown in terms of their reproductive make-up.

scholarly journals Analysis of Prolactin and Kappa-Casein Genes Polymorphism in Four Cattle Breeds in Turkey

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-806
Author(s):  
Bilal Akyüz ◽  
Mehmet Ulaş Çınar
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Casein Genes

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify allele and genotype frequencies of CSN3 and PRL genes in four cattle breeds in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 390 cattle of East Anatolian Red (EAR), Zavot, Brown Swiss (BS) and Simmental (SIM) breeds were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. A 443 bp fragment of CSN3 and a 156 bp fragment of PRL were amplified and digested with HindIII and RsaI restriction enzymes, respectively. For CSN3 and PRL genes, two types of alleles (A and B) and three types of genotypes (AA, BB, and AB) were observed. The highest frequencies for CSN3-A and CSN3-B alleles were estimated for the EAR breed (0.743) and for the BS breed (0.556), respectively. The highest frequency for PRL-A and PRL-B alleles was estimated for the SIM breed (0.801) and for the BS breed (0.315), respectively. The Chi-square test among the investigated cattle breeds showed that only the Zavot breed was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for both loci.

scholarly journals Novel InDels of GHR, GHRH, GHRHR and Their Association with Growth Traits in Seven Chinese Sheep Breeds

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Mingli Wu ◽  
Haidong Zhao ◽  
Xiaoqin Tang ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Xiaohua Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mutation Site ◽  
Indel Mutation ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

The GH growth axis plays an important role in the growth and development of animals and runs through the whole life of animals. Many studies have shown that molecular mutations in key genes of the GH axis will affect the growth and development of animals. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution characteristics of InDels of GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR in seven Chinese sheep populations, and to further explore the relationship between InDels and sheep growth traits. GHR showed high variation in Chinese sheep, and GHR-53 showed the highest minimum allele frequency (MAF). There was only one InDel mutation site in both GHRH and GHRHR. The genotype frequencies of Hu sheep (HS), Tong sheep (TS), and Lanzhou fat-tail sheep (LFTS) were quite different from other breeds. The association between GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR InDels and body size traits in seven varieties were analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between GHRH and body size traits in the seven sheep populations. There was a positive association between GHR-21 and hip height of LFSH (p < 0.05). GHR-43 reduced body height and chest depth of Small tail han sheep (STHS) and hip width of TS. GHR-44 significantly affected the body weight of HS, the body height of STHS and the head depth of TS. GHR-53 significantly reduced cannon girth of HS, chest of STHS and forehead width of TS. GHRHR-2 significantly reduced the body weight of LFHS. To sum up, this study revealed the effects of GHR, GHRH, and GHRHR InDels on sheep phenotypic traits, which indicated their potential application prospects in the genetic improvement of mutton sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document