scholarly journals Properties of Included Phloem in Teakwood

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ganis Lukmandaru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Colour Properties ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Teak Tree ◽  
Cielab System ◽  
Extractive Components ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In some areas of Indonesia, the heartwood of teak tree (Tectona grandis L.f.) contains included phloem, which is categorized as defects. This paper characterized the colour and chemical properties of such abnormal wood. Three selected trees from Perhutani plantation, Randublatung region, were assessed. The heartwood colour properties were measured by CIELAB system. Result showed that the included phloem-containing heartwood (IPHW) was darker (L*), but less red (a*) and yellow (b*) compared to the adjacent normal heartwood (NHW). The lignin and ash contents were not significantly different in the wood radial direction. In contrast, the level of extractive contents were significantly different between sapwood and heartwood. The amount of ethanol-benzene extractive and solubility in 1% NaOH in the IPHW region were significantly higher than that in normal tissues. The analysis of extractive components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the deoxylapachol and lapachol was highly marked in the IPWH region. The obtained results suggest that napthaquinone compounds were related to the protection against wood-destroying organisme attack.

scholarly journals Analysis of Chemical Composition of Extractives by Acetone and the Chromatic Aberration of Teak (Tectona Grandis L.F.) from China

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1989
Author(s):  
Hongyun Qiu ◽  
Ru Liu ◽  
Ling Long
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

In order to clarify the chemical color change of teak (Tectona grandis L.F.), the difference of chemical composition between the heartwood and sapwood of teak was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based on the acetone extractive compounds. The results showed that the difference in content of the main components between heartwood and sapwood was not obvious. However, the amount of extractives in heartwood was higher than that in sapwood, especially for phenols, quinones, and ketones. The most obvious different substances in the acetone extractive between heartwood and sapwood were 4-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-phenol,2-methyl-anthraquinone, and 2,3-dimethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-9,10-anthracenedione, which might be the main composition for the chromatic aberration of teak. This paper focuses on a preliminary study and further work such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet photometric detector (UV)/mass spectrometry (MS) will be carried out.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Biodiesel Obtained from Amazon Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) Biomass Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Anguebes-Franseschi ◽  
A. Bassam ◽  
M. Abatal ◽  
O. May Tzuc ◽  
C. Aguilar-Ucán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Amazon sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) is considered one of the greatest threats to the biodiversity of continental aquatic systems, causing serious economic and environmental problems in the regions. In this work, the production of biodiesel from Amazon sailfin catfish biomass oil is studied. The physical and chemical properties of biofuel produced were evaluated under the specifications of the European standard EN-14214 by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectrometry analyses. The results show that the biodiesel complies with all the specifications of the standard, except the content of polyunsaturated methyl esters. The yields obtained from oil and biodiesel were 9.67 and 90.71% (m/m), respectively. The methyl ester concentrations study identified 17 components where 47.003% m/m corresponded to methyl esters with saturated chains, whereas 34.394% m/m was attributed to monosaturated methyl esters and the remaining (18.624% m/m) to polysaturated methyl esters. Finally, mineral analysis by atomic absorption showed the absence of heavy metals Cd, Ni, and Pb, as well as low concentrations of Ni, Fe, Cu, and Zn, demonstrating that the quality of the fuel is not compromised. The study indicates the feasibility of manufacturing biodiesel using Amazon sailfin catfish biomass oil as a low-cost raw material. It represents an environmental option to mitigate a global problem of atmospheric pollution, and at the same time, it shows a commercial alternative to reduce the ecological impact caused by this fish in the diverse ecosystems to which it has spread. In addition, the great adaptability of this fish provides the possibility of a profitable process to have very high rates of reproduction and growth, allowing the generation of large amounts of biomass for the production of biodiesel.

Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Helminthicidal, Antioxidant, and Chemical Properties of Chrozophora obliqua Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jaradat ◽  
A. Khasati ◽  
B.A. Abu-Shanab ◽  
S. Al-lahham ◽  
A. Naser Zaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Plants have been used by human being in the treatment and prophylaxis of various diseases since thousands of years ago. Chrozophora obliqua is an aromatic plant that possesses beneficial health properties in traditional medicine. However, other properties of Chrozophora obliqua such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and helminthicidal properties have never been investigated earlier; therefore, the current study aimed to investigate these effects. The chemical composition of the crude extract isolated from Chrozophora obliqua by hydrodistillation was estimated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry apparatus (GC-MS). The antiradical property was evaluated using DPPH method. While bactericidal and fungicidal activities were assessed against eight bacterial and fungal American Type Culture Collection and clinically isolated pathogens using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method.Moreover, the helminthicidal activity was determined against Pheretima posthuma worms of freshly isolated extract after 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h of extraction. The current study revealed that Chrozophora obliqua extract composed of 16 compounds and possessed potential antiradical activity with an average IC50 value of 4.4 μg/ml almost at all time points. MIC values of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Shigella sonnei, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans,and Epidermophyton floccosum were approximately 1.5, 6.25, 12.5, 3.25, .015, 12.5, 6.25, and 1.125 mg/ml almost at all investigated time points. Also, it is found that 4, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 mg/ml of the extract needed 27.7, 13.5, 9.1, 7.8, and 4.4 min, respectively, to paralyze the investigated worm and needed 77.1, 37.7, 19.3, 13, and 9.9 min, respectively, to cause death to the studied worms. Our study provides evidence for the first time that Chrozophora obliqua extract possesses antiradical, bactericidal, fungicidal, and helminthicidal effects. These findings suggest that Chrozophora obliqua is a good choice for further pharmacological and clinical studies.

scholarly journals Measurements of Inorganic Materials and Acidity in Plantation Teakwood

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Rudy Nur Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Tectona Grandis L.F

Information concerning ash materials and acidity (pH values) within the wood of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) plantations is especially limited. Samples taken from the stands of Perhutani plantation (Madiun and Randublatung) and community forests in Kulon Progo (Temon and Kalibawang) were analyzed to determine the ash content, metallic elements constituting the ash fraction, as well as pH values. The ranges of ash content were 0.55-3.88% whereas acid insolube ash content (silica/silicates) were 0.12-2.45%. The main four inorganic elements in wood were assayed by atomic absorption. The levels of these metals ranged from 340-4774 ppm for calcium, 17-4399 ppm for potassium, 143-1676 ppm for magnesium, and 0247 ppm for iron. Further, the pH values varied from 5.33-7.25. Differences of inorganic variables and pH values in wood were found between trees of different growth-site and radial position. The variation among the different sites was significant in the contents of silica, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium while the effects of radial direction were significant in the silica and potassium levels. Ash content was positively correlated with acid insoluble ash (r = 0.77) and potassium content (r = 0.47). Furthermore, pH values were positively correlated with the magnesium content (r = 0.65) and negatively correlated with potassium (r = -0.49) and sodium contents (r = -0.55). A description of the chemical properties of the soil, however, was not sufficient in determining whether there was a relationship between the levels of metal elements or pH values in the wood and in the soil.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Compositional and Physicochemical Properties of Guizotia Scabra (Vis.) Chiov. Seed Oil Found on Jos-Plateau-Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Gambo N. N.* ◽  
Ibejekwe, S. J. ◽  
Ayuba S. D.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The oil extract of G. scabra seeds was analyzed for its antibacterial, chemical and physical properties. Physical and chemical properties analyzed included moisture content (0.91%), acid value (13.65%), iodine value (132.27), peroxide value (18.58), saponification value (191.03), free fatty acids (6.86%) and density (0.87g/cm3). The oil was found to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC) and Salmonella typhi (ST) at an MIC of 50%. However, there was no effect on Shigella sonnei (SS). The fatty acid composition of the extracted oil was revealed using the Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. A total of 18 components of the oil were identified. Oleic acid (27.07%), 10- undecenoic acid (19.99%), palmitic acid (10.56%) and stearic acid (6.22%) were detected as the dominant fatty acids in the G. scabra seed oil.

scholarly journals Effects of Topography, Soil Organic Matter, and Chemical Properties on the Growth of Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantations in Northeast Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-390
Author(s):  
Iwao NODA ◽  
Woraphun HIMMAPAN ◽  
Tosporn VACHARANGKURA ◽  
Somsak SUKCHAN ◽  
Wilawan WICHIENNOPPARAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Criteria for Determining Purity of Fusarium Mycotoxins

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn A Bennett ◽  
Odette L Shotwell
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽  
Nmr Spectrometry ◽  
Commercial Sources ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Physical and chemical properties that may be used to determine the purity of several Fusarlum mycotoxins have been investigated. A combination of analytical procedures, which include high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), ultraviolet spectrometry (UV), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry have been used to examine mycotoxin standards obtained from commercial sources and from laboratory fermentations. Results of this investigation indicate that commercially available standards are greater than 90 % pure, but the label weight of purchased reference standards in individual containers should be verified. Mycotoxin standards, determined to be greater than 98 % pure by HPTLC, LC, and GC/MS, were examined by UV spectrometry and the coefficients of extinction were determined. An interlaboratory study, involving 5 collaborators who determined coefficients of extinction (in methanol) for identical samples, gave the following results: α-zearalenol (λ236 = 28 538 ± 558); β- zearalenol (λ238 = 24 963 ± 747); deoxynivalenol (λ219 = 6395 ± 349, lot 1), (6020 ± 228, lot 2); and T-2 toxin (λ202 = 3681 ± 255). UV maxima and coefficients of extinction are also reported for HT-2 toxin (λ202 = 1959), diacetoxyscirpenol (λ203 = 2487), neosolaniol (λ203 = 2644), nivalenol (λ220 = 5142), and fusarenon-X (λ217 = 5997).

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

The microstructure of a TiB2/Ti-47 Al composite material

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
O. Popoola ◽  
A.H. Heuer ◽  
P. Pirouz
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diamond Polishing ◽  
Al Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The addition of fibres or particles (TiB2, SiC etc.) into TiAl intermetallic alloys could increase their toughness without compromising their good high temperature mechanical and chemical properties. This paper briefly discribes the microstructure developed by a TiAl/TiB2 composite material fabricated with the XD™ process and forged at 960°C.The specimens for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared in the usual way (i.e. diamond polishing and argon ion beam thinning) and examined on a JEOL 4000EX for microstucture and on a Philips 400T equipped with a SiLi detector for microanalyses.The matrix was predominantly γ (TiAl with L10 structure) and α2(TisAl with DO 19 structure) phases with various morphologies shown in figure 1.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

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