THE WRITER AND THE REALITY OF LIFE (The image of the author in the novel by Sh. Murtaza " Moon and Aisha")

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the creation the author`s image in the novel "Ai and Aisha" of the national writer of Kazakhstan, the holder of the State Prize - Sherkhan Murtaza, the heroism of the main character Baryskhan in the difficult times of the 1930 years of the 20th century was revealed through the hard destiny of the family, which called "Public Enemy". The character of the hero, his dreams and his actions are defined within social and public contradictions. Baryskhan is the descendant of noble family, who his father Murtaza was arrested at the 1937 year on fraudulent charges of "Public Enemy", and Baryskhan worked in the collective farm trying to take care of his younger brothers and mother, who was left without support. Baryskhan had been struggling for a long time to people, such as Tasbet,who is threatening his family and threatens violence at all times and Baryskhan became an outstanding figure. The image of Baryskhan becomes clear through these sinister events and becomes a realistic image.

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Feminist Perspective in the Novel of Vikram Seth’s A Suitable Boy

SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH ◽

10.24113/ijellh.v8i12.10865 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 114-127

Author(s):

Hari Lal Kori ◽

Dr. Vipin Kumar Pandey

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

The Novel ◽

Equal Rights ◽

Men And Women ◽

Boundary Wall ◽

Full Control ◽

Religious Books ◽

The Family ◽

The World ◽

Long Time

Men and women are the two best creation of nature. She has provided both equal rights but it is man who is too clever and has full control over woman. From a very long time he has limited her freedom and rights. That is why, they have been victims of inequality and exploitation for a very long time. The society which is of traditional mindset believes that a woman should live in boundary wall, give birth to children and to look after them. Most of the religions of the world emphasize that women should be subordinate to and dependent on men. In childhood they should be in take care of father, in youth by her husband and in old age by her sons. The Hindu philosophy, the religious books of Hindu as the Vedas, the Bhagavad-Gita, the Muslims the Christians and others also have same views about the position of women in the society. All of them impose on women strict rules of discipline and prohibit them from the rights equal to men. The women’s position in the family has been that of a servile creature, a playing thing an object of lust and pleasures. Commenting on the position of females in the society Shantha Krishnaswany Writes :

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O heterodiscurso em Memórias de Lázaro, de Adonias Filho / The Heterodiscourse in Memórias de Lázaro, by Adonias Filho

O Eixo e a Roda Revista de Literatura Brasileira ◽

10.17851/2358-9787.30.1.148-169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Fabricio Fernandes ◽

Wellington Vinicius Ferreira de Souza

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Analytical Tool ◽

Discursive Construction ◽

The Novel ◽

Brazilian Literature ◽

The Family ◽

The Relationship

Resumo: O presente trabalho estuda o heterodiscurso no romance Memórias de Lázaro, do escritor baiano Adonias Filho. Como instrumento de análise, utilizou-se a noção bakhtiniana de heterodiscurso no exame da relação entre o protagonista-narrador Alexandre e a personagem Jerônimo; o estudo indicou a influência dessa personagem como determinante para a estética da narração da obra. A transmissão de discursos mostrou-se fundamental nessa relação sob a forma de um heterodiscurso sobre o mal que não só solidifica o vínculo familiar entre Alexandre e Jerônimo, mas também estabelece o fundamento das condições de legalidade do mal na diegese. Além disso, a construção discursiva de Jerônimo apresentou-se como um heterodiscurso social sobre a zona baiana do cacau de meados do século XX que contrasta com o de outras obras da literatura brasileira ambientadas nesse contexto.Palavras-chave: Adonias Filho; heterodiscurso; Memórias de Lázaro.Abstract: This paper studies the heterodiscourse in the novel Memórias de Lázaro, by the Bahian writer Adonias Filho. The Bakhtinian notion of heterodiscourse was used as an analytical tool to examine the relationship between the protagonist-narrator Alexandre and the character Jerônimo; the study indicated the influence of this character as determinant for the narrative aesthetics of the novel. The discourse transmission proved to be fundamental in the relationship between Alexandre and Jerônimo functioning under the form of a heterodiscourse about the evil that not only solidifies the family bond between them, but also establishes the foundations of the conditions of evil in the diegesis. In addition, Jerônimo’s discursive construction presented itself as a social heterodiscourse about the mid-20th century Bahian Cocoa Zone that contrasts with that of other works of Brazilian literature set in this context.Keywords: Adonias Filho; heterodiscourse; Memórias de Lázaro.

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VISI-VISI POSTMODERN DALAM KESUSASTRAAN JERMAN AWAL ABAD KE-20

Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v12i2.3703 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dudy Syafrudin

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

German Literature ◽

Early 20Th Century ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Hermann Hesse ◽

Architecture And Literature ◽

In The Beginning ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Postmodern Spirituality

Abstrak Visi-Visi PostModern dalam Kesusastraan Jerman Awal Abad ke-20. Aliran pemikiran postmodern yang menyeruak di segala bidang kehidupan mulai dirasakan pada paruh kedua abad ke-20. Namun akar pemikiran tersebut sudah mulai tampak pada abad ke-19. Kritik terhadap pemikiran modern itu muncul dalam berbagai ekspresi masyarakat, seperti seni, arsitektur, dan sastra. Dalam kesusastraan Jerman pemikiran yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai visi postmodern dapat kita temukan dalam beberapa karya sastranya yang terbit pada awal abad ke-20. Tulisan ini membahas tentang visi-visi postmodern yang terdapat dalam novel Siddahartha karya Hermann Hesse yang ditulis pada tahun 1919. Pembahasan difokuskan kepada visi spiritualitas postmoden. Visi-visi spiritualitas tersebut muncul dalam gambaran tentang tokoh utamanya dan relasi antar tokoh serta latarnya. Spiritualitas yang bersifat internal, esensial, dan konstitutif serta spiritualitas yang bersifat organis hadir menjadi penawar permasalahan modernism pada masa karya tersebut ditulis.Kata kunci: Postmodern, Siddhartha, spiritualitas Abstract Postmodern Visions In German Literature In The Beginning Of 20th Century. The flow of postmodern thinking in all areas of life began to imerge in the second half of the 20th century However; the roots of these ideas already started to appear in the 19th century. Criticism towards modern thinking occured in various expressions of the society, such as art, architecture, and literature. In German literature, ideas that can be categorized as postmodern vision can be found in several literary works published in the early 20th century. This paper discusses the postmodern visions contained in the novel Siddhartha written by Hermann Hesse in 1919. The discussion in this paper focuses on the vision of postmodern spirituality. The spiritual visions appear in the description of the main character and intercharacter relationships, and background. Spirituality which is internal, essential, and constitutive, and spirituality that is organis comes to netralize the issue of modernism at the time the work was written.Keywords: postmodern, Siddhartha, spirituality

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CHARACTERS IN BILDUNGSROMAN: FROM PARADIGM TO PARODY (Junaci Bildungsromana: od paradigme do parodije)

Folia linguistica et litteraria ◽

10.31902/fll.28.2019.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol X (28) ◽

pp. 73-99

Author(s):

Nina Sirković

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

20Th Century ◽

Thomas Mann ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Stream Of Consciousness ◽

Theoretical Assumptions

The paper discusses the Bildungsroman as a subgenre of the novel regarding main characters of two German Bildungsromans, Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister from the novel Wilhelm Meister’ Apprenticeship and Thomas Mann’s Hans Castorp from the novel The Magic Mountain. First are considered theoretical assumptions of the Bildungsroman in general and then its position in 20th century when modern writers abandon notion of the hero as a fuly developed, stable and coherent character and give space to reflections, recollections and stream of consciousness. The central part of the paper deals with analyses of main characters of two Bildungsromans, Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister, the main character of the novel which is considered as a paradigm of the subgenre, and Mann’s Hans Castorp, as a parodied character from the Bildungsroman of 20th century. Key words: Bildungsroman, Goethe, Wilhelm Meister’s Aprenticeship, Thomas Mann, The Magic Mountain, parody.

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Мотив смрти у романима српске модерне: Дошљаци Милутина Ускоковића

Slavica Wratislaviensia ◽

10.19195/0137-1150.168.39 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 168 ◽

pp. 461-473

Author(s):

Jelena Jovanović (Vulović)

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Narrative Strategies ◽

Short History ◽

Contemporary Theory ◽

Cognitive Narratology ◽

History Of ◽

And Function ◽

Theory Of Literature

The motif of death in Serbian modernist novels: Newcomers by Milutin UskokovićThis paper discusses the way the motif of death is shaped in the novel Newcomers by Milutin Uskoković, whose narrative strategies represent well the poetics of prose texts from the beginning of the 20th century. Analysis is conducted based on the conclusions of classical, but also postclassical specifically, cognitive narratology. The central point of this research is the domination of internal focalization which, by changing the narrator’s position, significantly changes the position and function of the main character. All other features of the text derive precisely from creating this kind of narrative situation. A short history of reading this text is provided within the study of narrative procedures that shaped the motif of death in the aforementioned novel. This should point towards a new shift in its interpretation, which was enabled by the achievements of contemporary theory of literature. Мотив смерти в романах сербского модерна:Пришельци Милутина УскоковичаВ статье рассматриваются способы описания мотива смерти в романах сербского модернизма. Самым значительным среди ряда романов считается роман Милутинa Ускоковичa „Пришельцы“, иллюстрирующий поэтику прозаических текстов начала прошлого века, в которых мотивы исчезновения такие как физическая смерть, отъезд, безумие были почти неизбежными. В анализе автор опирается на выводы классической, но и постклассической точнее когнитивной нарратологии. Объектом исследования, прежде всего, является доминирование внутренней фокализации, заменяющей место повествователя, что в конечном итоге в значительной мере, меняет позицию и функцию героя. Кроме исследования наративных стратегий, в статье представлен обзор рецепции этого текста, прослеживается динамика в восприятии романа, которая оформлена в соответствии с принципами современной теории литературы.

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Citra Perempuan dalam Novel "Kala" Karya Stefani Bella dan Syahid Muhammad

Alinea: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajaran ◽

10.35194/alinea.v9i2.1059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Hanif Ivo Khusri Wardani ◽

Rina Ratih Sri Sudaryani

Keyword(s):

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Note Taking ◽

Social Image ◽

The People ◽

Study Results ◽

The Family ◽

The One ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan citra perempuan pada tokoh utama dalam novel “Kala” karya Stefani Bella dan Syahid Muhammad dengan kajian feminisme ideologis. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik kepustakaan dan teknik baca-catat serta metode membaca sebagai perempuan. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) citra fisik Lara adalah perempuan dewasa yang sederhana, apa adanya, dan tidak suka bersolek, (2) citra psikis Lara adalah perempuan yang berjiwa kuat, tegar, tanggung jawab, dan mandiri, (3) citra sosial Lara dalam keluarga adalah anak perempuan yang berbakti kepada orang tuanya, dan (4) citra sosial Lara dalam masyarakat adalah perempuan yang ramah, mudah bergaul, dan aktif berkegiatan. Sosok perempuan dalam novel “Kala” ini menggambarkan sosok perempuan yang berhasil menyetarakan kedudukannya dengan laki-laki khususnya dalam bidang pekerjaan di ranah publik. Ketidakadilan yang dihadapinya karena jenis kelamin tidak menjadikan perempuan lemah dan terpuruk tetapi membangkitkan semangatnya menjadi perempuan yang mandiri.Katakunci: citra, perempuan, feminis ideologisAbstract:The study aimed to describe the woman’s image reflected by the main character of Kala, a novel written by Stefani Bella and Syahid Muhammad. The woman’s image was viewed from an ideological feminism approach. The research was descriptive qualitative of which the data were collected through library study and note-taking, as well as reading as woman. The study results in several findings. First, Lara’s physical image was described as modest, natural, and not keen on prinking herself. Second, psychologically, Lara’s image was strong, tough, responsible, and independent. Third, Lara’s social image in the family was filial to her parents, and fourth, Lara’s social image in society was described as friendly, sociable, and active. The woman’s figure in the novel shows the one who is able to equalize the position with men, especially in occupations related to the people. The inequality as experienced by the character should not weaken women. Instead, it should encourage women to be independent.Keywords: image, women, ideological feminism

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The Reception of Dostoevsky’s Novel The Adolescent in the Studies of Russian Authors in 1900s-1940s: Religious and Philosophical Understanding, Biography, Psychoanalysis

Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal ◽

10.22455/2541-7894-2021-3-157-195 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 157-195

Author(s):

Olga A. Bogdanova

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Family Conflict ◽

Oedipus Complex ◽

Clear Distinction ◽

The Novel ◽

Chronological Order ◽

Silver Age ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Philosophical Understanding

The history of the perception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent in the first half of the 20th century is divided into two large, qualitatively different periods: the Silver Age and the 1920s–1940s. The peculiarity of the first one is the discovery of Dostoevsky as a philosopher and religious thinker, while the second the awareness of him as an original artist. Therefore, in the first period, “ideological” and “spiritual” interpretations of The Adolescent prevailed, in the second – scientific studies of his poetics and especially of the manuscript corpus. The main areas of study of The Adolescent in the 1920s and 1940s were biography, psychoanalysis, and poetics, together with a continuous religious and philosophical understanding of the novel. The reviewed material is considered in chronological order. There is no clear distinction between Soviet and emigrant researchers, although there is a difference in the conditions in which they worked. Among the authors who wrote about The Adolescent in the 1900s and 1910s, symbolist and religious-philosophical interpretations predominate (D.S. Merezhkovsky, A.A. Blok, V.V. Rozanov, A.S. Glinka-Volzhsky, N.A. Berdyaev), judgments from the positions of naturalism, positivism, and Marxism are less common (A.I. Vvedensky, V.V. Veresaev, V.F. Pereverzev). If in the USSR of the 1920s–1940s references to The Adolescent in a religious and philosophical way are rare (N.O. Lossky), then in emigration they are quite numerous (metropolitan Antony Khrapovitsky, N.A. Berdyaev, A.Z. Steinberg, E.Yu. Kuzmina-Karavaeva, N.O. Lossky). In Dostoevsky’s biographies of the 1920s–1940s, the myth of the writer’s gloomy childhood prevails, as if depicted in the plot of Arkady Dolgoruky, the hero of The Adolescent (L.P. Grossman, I.D. Ermakov, K.V. Mochulsky), but in the same years, there is confidence in the evidence of Dostoevsky’s happy childhood (O. von Schultz, G.I. Chulkov). Psychoanalysis, authoritative in the 1920s, considered the family conflict of The Adolescent in the light of the Oedipus complex and the teachings of Z. Freud on the structure of the human personality (A.A. Kashina-Evreinova, B.A. Griftsov, I.D. Ermakov, P.S. Popov).

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Fatefulness and falling into sin in István Szilágyi’s novel KŐ HULL APADÓ KÚTBA («A stone drops in a dwindling well»)

Philological Review ◽

10.31499/2415-8828.2.2021.246099 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 154-164

Author(s):

László Csordás

Keyword(s):

Cultural Studies ◽

20Th Century ◽

Social Aspects ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Hungarian Literature ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

In The Beginning ◽

Outstanding Work

The study analyses István Szilágyi’s widely known novel Kő hull apadó kútba («A Stone Drops in a Dwindling Well») from the viewpont of fatefulness and falling into sin. The novel is an outstanding work in the 20th century hungarian literature, written by István Szilágyi who lives in the present Romania, Transylvania. The main character, Ilka Szendy faces with ethical dilemmas which can be examined from newer trends of cultural studies such as xenology. This study focuses on the following questions: how does the social system and compunction distort the personality? How does Ilka Szendy become a foreigner in the milieu in which she grown up? What kind of poetical pecularities, motifs, time and place usage represents the girl’s fate in the 20th century by the author? In the beginning of the study I explain the process how the literary historians realised the significance of this novel. This is an important issue because the history of hungarian literature and the history of hungarian literature across Hungary’s border developed differently in the 20th century – different experiences and poetical pecularities can be found in a novel. There are three different reading and canonizing strategies which outlined from the criticisms and studies: in the case of the first one, the emphasize was on the novel’s social aspects. The second one focused on the poetical aspect and structure. In the 2000s occurred the newest strategy which analyses the novel from the viewpoint of cultural studies. In this study I apply this third strategy. With the help of close reading I try to attempt connecting the own body’s alienation and the multiplication of the main character’s (Ilka Szendy) personality with the traumas that she experienced at her young age. Several experiences preceded the fall into sin (murdering), but the narrator tells them only later in the novel. As a reader we can explore the most effectively the fall into sin and the fulfillment of destiny through the context of Ilka Szendy’s experiences, deeds, thoughts, motifs, metaphors and the secrets that lead us into the family’s past. In the end of the study I connect Ilka Szendy’s destiny with her family’s past. The girl died beceause she rode for the fall. She knew that she could never be relesead from her guilt, she could receive absolution only by death.

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FACT AND FICTION IN JOSIP NOVAKOVICH'S APRIL FOOL'S DAY: AN OBITUARY TO A DEAD COUNTRY

Folia linguistica et litteraria ◽

10.31902/fll.27.2019.4 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 49-63

Author(s):

Nina Sirković

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Political Prisoner ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Ghost Story ◽

Life And Death ◽

Political Situation ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Fictional Story

Even in the world of fiction, it would be unusual for a European country to experience the war at the end of 20th century, fall apart and disappear. This exactly happens in Josip Novakovich’s novel April Fool's Day. It is a Bildungsroman about life, death and the afterlife of Ivan Dolinar, a Croatian citizen of Yugoslavia, whose life undergoes unbelievable twists and changes as the social and political situation in the country deteriorates until it falls apart and a new homeland, Republic of Croatia, is formed. On the basis of historical facts, the author develops a story about a fictional hero, who himself is a personified disintegrated country: the instability of the main character shows the instability of the state. During his life, driven by the fate and historical forces, Ivan becomes a political prisoner, a murderer, a rapist, an adulterer, a thief and finally, a ghost. Only when considered dead, he can be a master of his life. Ivan Dolinar finds harmony in his afterlife: as a ghost he is liberated from all the living inherences, in his death he feels free, important and unique, what he did not succeed during his living days. The novel is simultaneously a war and a ghost story with strong satirical impulse and black humour targeted towards human vanity and imperfection, lust, hatred and absurdity of war in general. The aim of this paper is to explore the interconnection between the fact and fiction in the novel, which intended to be, according to Novakovich, “an obituary to Yugoslavia in a personal form“. This fictional story that describes details about life and death of Ivan Dolinar is a story of a war-torn country which can only live in the form of a ghost until it completely disappears from our minds.

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“Voskresenie” and “Voskreshenie” in Fedor Dostoevsky’s Novel Crime and Punishment

Проблемы исторической поэтики ◽

10.15393/j9.art.2020.7962 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 190-216

Author(s):

Natalia A. Tarasova

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Crime And Punishment ◽

Long Time ◽

History Of ◽

The Subject ◽

Points Of View ◽

Biblical Sources

The article deals with the history of studying Christian images and motifs in the novel of Fedor Dostoevsky Crime and Punishment. The novel’s conflict and the image of the main character for a long time have had different, often directly opposite, interpretations — first of all, in the matter of Raskolnikov’s repentance and his spiritual rebirth. The subject of the research is the resurrection as the central theme of the novel Crime and Punishment. Special attention is paid to the analysis of lexical variants “voskresenie” and “voskreshenie”, the first of which belongs to Dostoevsky, and the second, one applicable to Raskolnikov, is traced in scientific literature on the novel. The overview of various research points of view is accompanied by an analysis of the novel’s draft and printed texts. This review allows carrying out a detailed textual comparison with the biblical sources of the theme of the resurrection and identifying the author’s position in this work. The text of the novel indicates that its author is focused on the key ideas of Russian Orthodox culture and the “Easter” plot of the gospel narrative.

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