scholarly journals REGISTRATION OF INDICATORS OF TISSUE RESPIRATION IN THE INTESTINAL WALL DURING ADHESION PROCESS IN EXPERIMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
D.A. Klyujko ◽  
◽  
V.E. Korik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Peritoneal Tissue ◽  
The Impact

The problem of adhesion after surgical diseases on the abdominal organs remains extremely relevant despite the rapid development of new medical technologies and approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases. The formation of adhesions occurs during open surgical interventions and will differ only in the degree of severity and clinical manifestations. The article is devoted to the study of oxygenation of the peritoneal tissue in experimental adhesions of the abdominal cavity. Experimental studies were carried out on 95 outbred guinea pigs with simulated adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity. As a result of performing direct oximetry on the surface of the peritoneum in conditions of modeling adhesions of the abdominal cavity in laboratory animals, it was revealed that any of the models causes, to a greater or lesser degree, hypoxic changes in the peritoneum, thereby creating favorable conditions for the maturation of coarse-fibrous connective tissue. The impact on the peritoneum of any of the modeling factors caused a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the intestinal wall by an average of 45%. The leveling of hypoxic changes on the surface of the peritoneum in the postoperative period is a method of preventing adhesions of the abdominal cavity.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY OF GLANDULAR AREA OF HARD PALATE MUCOSA IN INTACT ALBINO RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Ye.S. Khilinich ◽  
V.Yu. Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Palate Mucosa ◽  
The Impact

Some reports state that the morphology, histochemistry and innervation of mucous membrane in rats are quite similar to that in humans. Most experimental studies on the impact of certain factors on the human body involve laboratory animals, rats in particular. In our previous experimental studies we used rats to study the effect of acrylic monomer on salivary glands in order to further extrapolate data to the morphological features of minor salivary glands of rats and humans. This study was aimed at investigating morphology of glandular area of the hard palate mucosa of intact albino rats with subsequent extrapolation of the results obtained to human body. The experimental studies were conducted on adult Wistar rats aged 1 to 1.5 years. The light microscopy (slight magnification) of transverse sections of the hard palate mucosa samples of albino rats revealed the mucous membrane and well-developed submucous layer with numerous minor salivary glands within its structure. The findings confirm the similarity between the structure of minor salivary glands of rats and humans that supports the rational choice of experimental animals for subsequent extrapolation of the resulting data.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FIRE PARTITIONS FOR SPEED FIRE DISTRIBUTION IN CLOSED PREMISES OF PRODUCTION AND STORAGE FACILITIES

Fire Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
E. Hulida ◽  
V. Sharуу
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Facilities

Introduction. Fires in closed premises of production and storage facilities are the most dangerous, because they hold large areas with a significant fire load. The current direction of providing a fire safety system at production and storage facilities in closed premises is to eliminate the conditions of the rapid development of fire and minimizing its effect through the use of fire curtains. This method of fire protection is practically not used in closed premises of production and storage facilities at the present stage. In most cases, fire partitions are used in such situations. Therefore, a topic issue today is the research of limiting the development of fires with the use of fire partitions and minimizing fire effects.Purpose. Investigate the process of spreading the fire in closed premises of production and storage facilities by using fire partitions to limit the speed of fire spread. Problem statement and solution. The following tasks must be solved to provide fire protection of production and storage facilities:1. to investigate the process of fire spread in closed premises of production and storage facilities without the use of fire partitions;2. to investigate the impact of fire partitions use on fire rate.Two possible modes of development fire in the premises are considered to solve the first problem: 1) with the presence of sufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated fire load; 2) with insufficient air (oxygen), with fire occurred in regulated ventilation.It is necessary to choose the material and fire partition design accordingly to solve the second problem. The results of experimental studies [11] showed that fire partitions vermiculite-silicate plates can be used for various building structures manufacturing. Closed production and storage facilities structure analysis showed that these premises are constructed in most cases with a grid of columns 9Х12 m.Conclusions and proposals:1) There is only the first mode of fire with sufficient oxygen (air) in closed premises of production and storage facilities with a total area of more than 5000 m2 in the process of fire. The fire that occurred is regulated only by the fire load.2) The use of fire partitions between sections of the premises of production and storage facilities reduces the probability of fire spreading in the premises by about 3 times.3) It is necessary to continue research work in this direction to obtain more significant results of the process of development and spread of fire in the premises of production and storage facilities.

scholarly journals Effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on the strength of the postoperative scar of a laparotomic wound

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
I. K. Morar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Hypertension ◽  
Laparotomy Wound ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postoperative Scar

Annotation. One of the main factors of postoperative eventration is intra-abdominal hypertension, which occurs in various surgical pathologies of the abdominal cavity. Despite the presence of a large number of scientific papers on the negative effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on the morphological state of granulation tissue in the area of the laparotomy wound, there are no publications on the impact on the strength of the postoperative scar. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate in an experiment on small laboratory animals the effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on the mechanical strength of the postoperative scar of a laparotomy wound. The experiment was performed on 120 laboratory rats, which underwent a median laparotomy and brought together the edges of the musculoaponeurotic layer of the anterior abdominal wall with simple nodal sutures. The main group consisted of 72 animals who developed intra-abdominal hypertension by inserting a container (condom) with a certain amount of Furacilin into the abdominal cavity. The comparison group consisted of 48 animals who had an empty condom inserted into the abdominal cavity after laparotomy. The mechanical strength of the postoperative scar of the laparotomy wound was determined by the method of G. V. Petrovich (2010) on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day after the creation of intra-abdominal hypertension, by measuring the level of intra-abdominal pressure at the time of rupture of the postoperative scar of the laparotomy wound. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and a package of statistical processing software PAST. Differences between study groups were determined using Mann-Whitney criteria. The results of the study indicate that the created intra-abdominal hypertension leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the postoperative scar of the laparotomy wound. The degree of the negative impact of intra-abdominal hypertension on the strength of the postoperative scar is inversely proportional to the level of intra-abdominal pressure.

scholarly journals Impact of the small bowel impassability on expression of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
D. A. Kluiko
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Visceral Peritoneum ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
The Impact

Objective. Studying of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression and peritoneal oxygenation in experimental small bowel intestinal impassability. Materials and methods. The investigation was done on 18 laboratory animals, in which 62 metrics of direct oxymetry performed with the objective to study the impact of the small bowel impassability on velocity of the mass transduction and partial pressure of oxygen and the hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression, influenced by hypoxia. Results. In experimental ileus, complete or partial one, partial pressure and velocity of the oxygen mass-transduction in peritoneum were statistically significantly lower, than such in a control, indicating on inhibition of cellular structures, utilizing the oxygen, what promotes the adhesive disease occurrence. Experimental ileus have led to lowering of the oxygen partial pressure in peritoneum by 88% - from 28.7 (in a control) to 3.5 mm Hg (p<0.01). The partial (by 277.8%) and the complete (by 248.2%) experimental ileus was characterized by enhancement of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression. Conclusion. Ileus, accompanied by change in the parietal and visceral peritoneum oxygenation, stimulates the abdominal cavity adhesive process development.

scholarly journals Problems of metastasis (literature review)

MD-Onco ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Timofeeva ◽  
N. V. Bubnova ◽  
G. Yu. Struchko ◽  
I. S. Stomenskaya ◽  
O. Yu. Kostrova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Late Treatment ◽  
Success Of Treatment

Despite significant successes in the development of medical sciences, the study of oncopathology issues still occupies a leading place due to the identification of a large number of advanced cases of the disease. Firstly, this may be due to the rapid growth of a malignant tumor, for example, against the background of immunodeficiency. Secondly, with late treatment of patients, when they already have distant metastases. The success of treatment of any oncological process primarily depends on the timing of the diagnosis: the earlier the tumor is diagnosed, the greater the chance of a positive outcome and an increase in the life expectancy of the cancer patient. The most formidable complication of oncopathology and the main cause of death from it is metastasis, which often reduces to zero all the effects of therapy. Metastasis remains a mystery today. So, despite the large number of various theories, the question of the spread of the tumor throughout the body has not yet been resolved. There is no definite answer to the question: do metastases metastasize? The mechanisms of the influence of hormones on the processes of metastasis have not been fully studied. Difficulties in diagnosis are associated with the lack of clinical manifestations before the appearance of metastases, the inability to track and compare changes in tissues and organs in vivo, the non-specificity of the results of available research methods, and the lack of control of the spread of metastases throughout the body. Experimental studies on laboratory animals can provide answers to these and many other questions. In a review of the literature, a study of the main issues of metastasis is conducted.

scholarly journals Pathogenetic role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) for the development of peritoneal tuberculosis in an experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
D. V. Plotkin ◽  
T. I. Vinogradova ◽  
M. N. Reshetnikov ◽  
Yu. R. Zyuzya ◽  
S. V. Okovityi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tuberculous Peritonitis ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peritoneal Tuberculosis ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Tnf Α

Currently tuberculosis is considered as a group of diseases united by one etiological factor. The pathogenesis of certain localizations of tuberculous inflammation, in particular peritoneum tuberculosis, hasn’t been sufficiently studied. The role of cytokine mechanisms in the development of the disease and the elaboration of non-sterile immunity requires further experimental studies, in particular the creation of a reproducible model on laboratory animals.The aim: to study the effect of TNF-α on the development of tuberculosis of the serous coat of the abdominal cavity, as well as to evaluate the possibility of modeling tuberculous peritonitis in laboratory animals using infliximab.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on 18 male rabbits, which were simulated peritoneal tuberculosis by intra-abdominal administration of a suspension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 10 rabbits of the experimental group were intravenously injected with an infliximab solution and an iron (III) hydroxide sucrose complex intraperitoneally a day before infection.Results. In the control group of animals, tuberculosis either didn’t develop, or in a third of cases it affected only the pulmonary parenchyma, while proliferative processes prevailed. On the contrary, in animals with inactivated TNF-α, in 100 % of observations, tuberculous peritonitis was detected with associated lung damage and the predominance of alterative caseous processes.Conclusion. The created model of tuberculous peritonitis shows the leading role of TNF-α in the activation of macrophages, as well as in attracting cells to the site of infection. This is the primary signal necessary for the formation and stability of granulomas since the neutralization of this cytokine leads to a loss of control over the infection and the destruction of the granuloma with the development of destructive tuberculosis in the serous coat of the abdominal cavity. 

scholarly journals Clinical cases: acute appendicitis in newbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Roman V. Bocharov ◽  
Vladimir G. Pogorelko ◽  
Anna B. Yushmanova ◽  
Andrey V. Karavaev ◽  
Ekaterina A. Semchenko
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Cell Counts

Aim. The goal of this study is to describe the clinical observations of acute appendicitis in two newborn infants. This study was a retrospective analysis performed using data obtained from medical records. Two preterm infants had a gestational age of 33 weeks, a threat of pregnancy termination, rapid childbirth in one case, and a cesarean section in another. At birth, their body weights were low, 2340 and 2420 g, respectively. The condition of the babies was evaluated on the Apgar scale, and both scored 7/8 points. We studied the data of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental study data and surgical intervention protocols. In the presented newborns, neonatal jaundice, respiratory failure of the III degree, and hypoxic perinatal damage to the central nervous system occurred from birth. On the first childs twelfth day and the second childs ninth day, they experienced a clinically acute inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity, confirmed by inflammation markers (high white blood cell counts and levels of C-reactive protein). According to the sonography of the abdominal organs, the absence of intestinal motility in the right abdominal cavity, the presence of intestinal wall pneumatosis, signs of conglomerate formation from the intestinal loops were revealed. The surgical interventions performed were a laparoscopy and a conversion to laparotomy. In both cases, inflammatory bowel changes corresponded to the course of necrotic enterocolitis, diagnosed with gangrenous-perforated appendicitis and purulent-fibrinous peritonitis. In the section, the mucous appendix was not changed. Conclusion. The aggravated premorbid background in premature infants predisposes them to necrotic enterocolitis, which can occur in children of this age with isolated perforation of the appendix. The course of necrotic enterocolitis is complicated by the formation of purulent-fibrinous peritonitis due to the destruction of the appendix with minimal changes in its walls.

scholarly journals Possibilities of clinical application of nano-crystal hydroxyapatyte in treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
І. D. Duzhyi ◽  
L. F. Sukhodub ◽  
V. S. Bielai ◽  
O. M. Lytvynenko ◽  
A. V. Yurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Antiinflammatory Action ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To investigate the impact of the sorbtion-aspiration drainage system on background of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide on experimental peritonitis. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 55 white laboratory rat males, ageing 2 - 3 mo, with the body mass 225 - 250 g, which were kept in the typical vivarium conditions. Suspension of E. coli in physiological solution, 1.0 - 1.5 ml in concentration 1010 , was used for the peritoneum contamination. The suspension was introduced into abdominal cavity in the dose, dependent on the animal body mass, using the syringe for insulin injection. Peritonitis in the rats was developed in 48 h and characterized by intoxication, which exaggerated rapidly, as well as by intestinal motor disorders and pronounced microcirculatory disturbances. The experimental animals were distributed into 5 Groups. In patients of Group I the interventions were not performed (control); in laboratory animals of Group II peritonitis was not simulated, but the abdominal cavity was drained, using the sorption-aspiration drainage system; in laboratory animals of Group III peritonitis was simulated; in the Group IV of laboratory animals on background of peritonitis the abdominal cavity was drained, using the sorption-aspiration drainage system; in the Group V animals the abdominal cavity was drained by a standard silicon drain on background of peritonitis. Results. Reduction of abdominal contamination by 43.12% and of histological features were produced in abdominal organs under the influence of the composite system, witnessing its bactericidal and sorption-antiinflammatory action. Conclusion. Experimentally there was confirmed the possibility of application of sorption-aspiration drainage system on background of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide in treatment of an acute peritonitis.

scholarly journals Compared Anatomy and Histology between Mus musculus Mice (Swiss) and Rattus norvegicus Rats (Wistar)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Silva-Santana ◽  
Fábio Aguiar-Alves ◽  
Licínio Esmeraldo Silva ◽  
Maria Lúcia Barreto ◽  
Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

The evolution of knowledge in biological and medical areas which made possible scientific and technological advances are attributed to anatomical studies, physiology and immunology in animals, contributing to the discovery of prophylactic measures and treatments of diseases that affect humans and animals. Currently, substitution is suggested by alternative methods that do not use laboratory animals, however in vitro methods may never be able to provide similar results to in vivo methods. Mice and rats are the most used animals in experimental researches, the anatomical, histological and genetic differences between species should be carefully evaluated, to better apply the study model and avoid unnecessary waste avoid. This study, aimed at an anatomical comparative and histological relationship between a rat&acute;s and a mouse&acute;s organs, is of great importance in experimental studies. For such, 30 Mus musculus (Swiss) mice and 15 Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) male and heterogenic rats, were used. All animals were kept free of pathogenic microorganisms, with the absence of surgical interventions that could cause anatomical and physiological changes. It was possible to observe significant anatomical and histological differences between spleens, brains, hearts, stomachs and intestines, livers, eyes, lungs and kidneys among species, which will serve as a basis to assist in choosing the most satisfactory research model. Few studies relate specific characteristics among laboratory animals, being restricted to a few veterinary and zoology books. The greater the organic, physiological and anatomical similarities are with the human being, the greater is the applicability of the animals in studies. However, it is not possible to lay down general rules to validate the extrapolation from one species to another.

scholarly journals Comorbid pathology in herniology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
V.V. Boyko ◽  
K.Y. Parkhomenko ◽  
V.V. Nikonov ◽  
O.E. Feskov ◽  
O.E. Gavrikov
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades, there has been an aging population worldwide with an increasing proportion of the elderly and senile, leading to a significant increase in the prevalence of a variety of pathologies, especially cardiovascular disease, overweight and obesity, diabetes, neoplastic and dysplastic diseases, and diseases that require surgical treatment. The negative impact on health significantly increases in the presence of several diseases, which creates qualitatively new conditions that cannot be explained by the mechanical sum of the impact of individual diseases. The presence of concomitant pathology in surgical diseases, or comorbidity, adversely affects the general condition of the patient, the course of the underlying and concomitant pathology, and from a surgical point of view also the response to surgical aggression, postoperative period, and further rehabilitation of patients. This indicates the need for an individual approach to the organization of the patient’s examination and planning further treatment, which in most cases cannot be standardized. Age factors, overweight, and obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, coronary heart disease are considered the risk factors and predictors of mortality and complications after surgery. Comprehensive assessment of comorbidity and functional status allows optimizing patient care. The Charlson Comorbidity Index is most often used for this purpose. But the attempts to further increase the informativeness of comorbidity scales do not stop and new ones appear, which are used mainly for the administrative evaluation of treatment results. In the context of herniology, a very interesting pathological condition is connective tissue dysplasia, which is characterized by multiorgan and multisystem lesions with extremely diverse clinical manifestations. Connective tissue pathology is associated with many other surgical diseases. These are varicose veins, biliary dyskinesia with the development of gallstones, duodenogastric and gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, diverticula of the digestive tract, adhesive disease of the abdominal cavity. Thus, patients with hernias, especially the elderly and senile, have a fairly high incidence of comorbid pathology, which has a significant impact on the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality.

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