Possibilities of clinical application of nano-crystal hydroxyapatyte in treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases

Objective. To investigate the impact of the sorbtion-aspiration drainage system on background of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide on experimental peritonitis. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 55 white laboratory rat males, ageing 2 - 3 mo, with the body mass 225 - 250 g, which were kept in the typical vivarium conditions. Suspension of E. coli in physiological solution, 1.0 - 1.5 ml in concentration 1010 , was used for the peritoneum contamination. The suspension was introduced into abdominal cavity in the dose, dependent on the animal body mass, using the syringe for insulin injection. Peritonitis in the rats was developed in 48 h and characterized by intoxication, which exaggerated rapidly, as well as by intestinal motor disorders and pronounced microcirculatory disturbances. The experimental animals were distributed into 5 Groups. In patients of Group I the interventions were not performed (control); in laboratory animals of Group II peritonitis was not simulated, but the abdominal cavity was drained, using the sorption-aspiration drainage system; in laboratory animals of Group III peritonitis was simulated; in the Group IV of laboratory animals on background of peritonitis the abdominal cavity was drained, using the sorption-aspiration drainage system; in the Group V animals the abdominal cavity was drained by a standard silicon drain on background of peritonitis. Results. Reduction of abdominal contamination by 43.12% and of histological features were produced in abdominal organs under the influence of the composite system, witnessing its bactericidal and sorption-antiinflammatory action. Conclusion. Experimentally there was confirmed the possibility of application of sorption-aspiration drainage system on background of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide in treatment of an acute peritonitis.

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Impact of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyethylene on the organism of mice

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/021908 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 50-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. A. Lieshchova ◽

V. V. Brygadyrenko ◽

N. M. Tishkina ◽

P. M. Gavrilin ◽

A. A. Bohomaz

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Toxic Effect ◽

Polyvinyl Chloride ◽

The Body ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Relative Mass ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Peripheral Organs ◽

Group I ◽

The Impact

Goods of plastic, due to their durability, universality and economical properties are broadly used in all spheres of life. On the whole, polymers are inert and nontoxic, but in the process of their production, various additives are used, which on contact or introduction into an organism has a negative effect on it. In our study, we determined the impact of some types of plastic (polyvinyl chloride, polysterene and polyethylene) on the organism of laboratory animals according to changes in their body weight, indices of mass of the internal organs, and blood parameters. For the experiment, we formed four groups of white male mice at the age of 3 weeks and average body weight of 50 g. For each group, we used different litter. For group I, the litter was sawdust; and for the other groups we added plastic products in different volumes to the sawdust; for group II finely cut polyvinyl chloride, for group III cut polyethylene, and for group IV granules of polystyrene. Every 3 days, we determined the body weight of the animals, and 32 days later we determined mass of the organs, clinical and biochemical parameters of the blood. Addition of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polystyrene into the substrate for mice did not have a significant effect on tempi of growth of body weight, and also relative mass of heart and lungs. Polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene have an immune-suppressive effect, and polyvinyl chloride affects both central and peripheral organs, and polystyrene mostly harms the peripheral organs. All used types of plastic cause leukocytopenia, following which neutrophilia of band neutrophils and monocytosis takes place as a result of damage to the biological barriers. We determined the systemic toxic effect of the studied types of plastic on the internal organs, which manifested in increase in their mass (liver, kidneys), steep increase in the activity of liver enzymes (AST, ALT), simultaneous decrease in activity of alkaline phosphatase and content of cholysterol and glucose in the blood serum of the mice. Also polyvinyl chlorine, polyethylene and polystyrene cause degeneration of the epithelium of the uriniferous tubule, which is manifested in reduction of globulins and creatinine in the blood of animals from the experimental groups following increase in relative mass of the kidneys. The results of our research allow us to state that different types of plastic can cause toxic effect on animals, as well as people who are in frequent contact with them.

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Body Mass Index, Multi-Morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Factors as Predictors of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501327211018559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 215013272110185

Author(s):

Sanjeev Nanda ◽

Audry S. Chacin Suarez ◽

Loren Toussaint ◽

Ann Vincent ◽

Karen M. Fischer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Body Mass ◽

Risk Score ◽

The Body ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Morbidity Score ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate body mass index, multi-morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Score as predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Patients Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between January 1, 2020 and May 23, 2020; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Measures Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. The data included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, medications (active COVID-19 agents), weight and height (from which the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, history of smoking, and comorbid conditions to calculate the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) multi-morbidity score. An additional COVID-19 Risk Score was also included. Outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, and death. Results Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact on mortality or hospital admission. Age, sex, and race (white/Latino, white/non-Latino, other, did not disclose) were adjusted for in the model. Patients with higher COVID-19 Risk Scores had a significantly higher likelihood of being at least admitted to the hospital (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.50; P < .001), or experiencing death or inpatient admission (includes ICU admissions) (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42; P = .028). Age was the only statistically significant demographic predictor, but obesity was not a significant predictor of any of the outcomes. Conclusion Age and COVID-19 Risk Scores were significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further work should examine the properties of the COVID-19 Risk Factors Scale.

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The Impact of Nutritional Status and Body Mass Index on Rehabilitation Outcomes in Patients Receiving Home-Based Medical Care

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v03.i2.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Kanako Eiwa ◽

Naomi Nakayama ◽

Yumi Takami ◽

Shuko Iwasaki ◽

Yoshinori Hino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

At Risk ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Medical Care ◽

Body Mass ◽

Functional Independence ◽

The Body ◽

Rehabilitation Outcomes ◽

Home Based ◽

The Impact

Background: Home-based medical care is expanding rapidly in Japan.Objectives: We aimed to identify the factors associated with outcomes of therapy in patients receiving home-visit rehabilitation.Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients receiving home-based rehabilitation were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was employed to assess the activities of daily living (ADL). The body mass index (BMI), medical history, and orthopedic disease-related pain were also recorded. The primary outcome was the improvement in FIM scores in one year.Results: A total of 19 (17%) patients were malnourished and 58 (48%) were at risk of malnutrition. Malnourished patients had a lower FIM score at initiation than those at risk of malnutrition or with normal nutritional status. Only changes in patients’ BMI and MNA-SF scores over one year were significantly associated with improved FIM scores (p = 0.0079 and p = 0.0049, respectively). No association was noted with the other factors.Conclusions: This is the first report to demonstrate that changes in MNA-SF scores and BMI are significantly associated with rehabilitation outcomes in home-based care. Nutritional management is essential along with rehabilitation to improve ADL in the long-term home care setting.

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Comparison of hazard and toxicity of tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems, and tobacco heating systems (IQOS) (review)

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez» ◽

10.25557/2310-0435.2019.03.25-33 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

Д.А. Еникеев ◽

Л.Т. Идрисова ◽

О.А. Еникеев ◽

К.О. Кузнецов ◽

Д.Р. Ахмадеева ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

Oncological Diseases ◽

Health And Development ◽

The Impact

В статье представлены актуальные данные экспериментальных и клинических исследований по изучению влияния различных средств доставки никотина в организм курильщика. Проведён сравнительный анализ воздействия табачных сигарет, электронных средств доставки никотина и системы нагревания табака IQOS на показатели здоровья и развития организма человека, а также лабораторных животных. Показано, что, несмотря на громкие заявления производителей альтернативных средств доставки никотина о полной безвредности их устройств, результаты экспериментальных исследований обнаруживают в них не только известные канцерогены, но и новые потенциально опасные вещества, которые не содержатся в обычных сигаретах, и влияние которых на организм достаточно не изучено. На данный момент имеются все основания полагать, что употребление электронных сигарет и IQOS может приводить к заболеваниям нервной, кроветворной, иммунной, дыхательной систем, а также к развитию онкологических заболеваний. The article presents current results of experimental and clinical studies focusing on effects of various nicotine delivery systems. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the impact of tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery devices, and IQOS tobacco heating systems on the health and development of humans and laboratory animals. The review of recent literature has shown that, despite ambitious statements of the manufacturers about complete safety of their devices, experiments have demonstrated that they release not only well-known carcinogens but also new, potentially hazardous substances. These substances are not contained in ordinary cigarettes, and their effects on the body has not been sufficiently studied. Presently, it seems very likely that the use of electronic cigarettes and IQOS can lead to diseases of the nervous, hematopoietic, immune, and respiratory systems as well as to oncological diseases.

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The Impact of the Body Mass Index on Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000430322.17000.82 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 201-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Johannes Platz ◽

Erdem Güresir ◽

Patrick Schuss ◽

Jürgen Konczalla ◽

Volker Seifert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Body Mass ◽

Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Favorable Outcome ◽

World Federation ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Aneurysm Size ◽

The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and associated with a poor outcome, especially for intensive care patients. However, recent studies have described favorable outcomes of obese patients after stroke, a phenomenon called the “obesity paradox.” OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the body mass index (BMI) on outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS: We analyzed the data for 741 SAH patients. A BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 was considered overweight and greater than 30 kg/m2 obese. The outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge and after 6 months was assessed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: According to the BMI, 268 patients (36.2%) were overweight and 113 (15.2%) were obese. A favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score >3) was achieved in 53.0% of overweight patients. In contrast, 61.4% of the 360 patients with a normal BMI had a favorable outcome (P = .021). However, in the multivariate analysis, only age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.051, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.07, P < .001), World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grade (OR: 2.095, 95% CI: 1.87-2.35, P < .001), occurrence of vasospasm (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.94-4.34, P < .001), and aneurysm size larger than 12 mm (OR: 2.215, 95% CI: 1.20-4.10, P = .011) were independent predictors of outcome after 6 months. Of the 321 poor grade patients (World Federation of Neurological Surgeons score >3), 171 (53.3%) were overweight. Of these, 21.6% attained a favorable outcome compared with 35.3% of normal-weight patients (P = .006). CONCLUSION: Although many physicians anticipate a worse outcome for obese patients, in our study, the BMI was not an independent predictor of outcome. Based on the BMI, obesity seems to be negligible for outcome after SAH compared with the impact of SAH itself, the patient's age, occurrence of vasospasm, or aneurysm size.

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Effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on the strength of the postoperative scar of a laparotomic wound

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(2)-04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 223-226

Author(s):

I. K. Morar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Study Groups ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Abdominal Pressure ◽

Abdominal Hypertension ◽

Laparotomy Wound ◽

The Impact ◽

Postoperative Scar

Annotation. One of the main factors of postoperative eventration is intra-abdominal hypertension, which occurs in various surgical pathologies of the abdominal cavity. Despite the presence of a large number of scientific papers on the negative effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on the morphological state of granulation tissue in the area of the laparotomy wound, there are no publications on the impact on the strength of the postoperative scar. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate in an experiment on small laboratory animals the effect of intra-abdominal hypertension on the mechanical strength of the postoperative scar of a laparotomy wound. The experiment was performed on 120 laboratory rats, which underwent a median laparotomy and brought together the edges of the musculoaponeurotic layer of the anterior abdominal wall with simple nodal sutures. The main group consisted of 72 animals who developed intra-abdominal hypertension by inserting a container (condom) with a certain amount of Furacilin into the abdominal cavity. The comparison group consisted of 48 animals who had an empty condom inserted into the abdominal cavity after laparotomy. The mechanical strength of the postoperative scar of the laparotomy wound was determined by the method of G. V. Petrovich (2010) on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day after the creation of intra-abdominal hypertension, by measuring the level of intra-abdominal pressure at the time of rupture of the postoperative scar of the laparotomy wound. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and a package of statistical processing software PAST. Differences between study groups were determined using Mann-Whitney criteria. The results of the study indicate that the created intra-abdominal hypertension leads to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the postoperative scar of the laparotomy wound. The degree of the negative impact of intra-abdominal hypertension on the strength of the postoperative scar is inversely proportional to the level of intra-abdominal pressure.

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Impact of the small bowel impassability on expression of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α

Klinicheskaia khirurgiia ◽

10.26779/2522-1396.2021.5-6.65 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 (5-6) ◽

pp. 65-68

Author(s):

D. A. Kluiko

Keyword(s):

Small Bowel ◽

Partial Pressure ◽

Process Development ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Cellular Structures ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽

Visceral Peritoneum ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

The Impact

Objective. Studying of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression and peritoneal oxygenation in experimental small bowel intestinal impassability. Materials and methods. The investigation was done on 18 laboratory animals, in which 62 metrics of direct oxymetry performed with the objective to study the impact of the small bowel impassability on velocity of the mass transduction and partial pressure of oxygen and the hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression, influenced by hypoxia. Results. In experimental ileus, complete or partial one, partial pressure and velocity of the oxygen mass-transduction in peritoneum were statistically significantly lower, than such in a control, indicating on inhibition of cellular structures, utilizing the oxygen, what promotes the adhesive disease occurrence. Experimental ileus have led to lowering of the oxygen partial pressure in peritoneum by 88% - from 28.7 (in a control) to 3.5 mm Hg (p<0.01). The partial (by 277.8%) and the complete (by 248.2%) experimental ileus was characterized by enhancement of the hypoxia-induced factor-1α expression. Conclusion. Ileus, accompanied by change in the parietal and visceral peritoneum oxygenation, stimulates the abdominal cavity adhesive process development.

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Estimating bias in derived body mass index in the Maternity Experiences Survey

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.36.9.02 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 185-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Dzakpasu ◽

J. Duggan ◽

J. Fahey ◽

R. S. Kirby

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Random Sample ◽

Body Mass ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Measured Data ◽

The Body ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Maternity Experiences Survey ◽

The Impact

Introduction The objective of this study was to assess bias in the body mass index (BMI) measure in the Canadian Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) and possible implications of bias on the relationship between BMI and selected pregnancy outcomes. Methods We assessed BMI classification based on self-reported versus measured values. We used a random sample of 6175 women from the MES, which derived BMI from self-reported height and weight, and a random sample of 259 women who had previously given birth from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), which derived BMI from self-reported and measured height and weight. Two correction equations were applied to self-reported based BMI, and the impact of these corrections on associations between BMI and caesarean section, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA) births was studied. Results Overall, 86.9% of the CHMS subsample was classified into the same BMI category based on self-reported versus measured data. However, misclassification had a substantial effect on the proportion of women in underweight and obese BMI categories. For example, 14.5% versus 20.8% of women were classified as obese based on self-reported data versus measured data. Corrections improved estimates of obesity prevalence, but over- and underestimated other BMI categories. Corrections had nonsignificant effects on the associations between BMI and SGA, LGA, and caesarean section. Conclusion While there was high concordance in BMI classification based on selfreported versus measured height and weight, bias in self-reported based measures may slightly over- or underestimate the risks associated with a particular BMI class. However, the general trend in associations is unaffected.

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Half a Century of Physiology in the Medical Faculty of Novi Sad

10.14293/p2199-8442.1.sop-life.pszivx.v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Danijel Slavić ◽

Bogosav Lazetić ◽

Damir Lukač

Keyword(s):

Biological Systems ◽

Brain Structures ◽

The Body ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

State Institutions ◽

Functional Systems ◽

Biological Reaction ◽

Novi Sad ◽

The Impact

The department of Physiology began its work in October 1961 with the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine. In the first years of its existence, the deparment encountered numerous functioning and organisational difficulties due to the limited space available on location at the time, as is often the case for newly set scientific and educational institutions. However, thanks to the efforts of competent state institutions, scientific research could eventually focus on three main issues: a) Homeostasis in the body, b) Cardio-respiratory functional systems and their adaptation to different models of weight loads (in order to investigate the influence of dosed loads on histophysiological characteristics of muscles, especially on the state of mitochondrial apparatus, researches were conducted on laboratory animals), c) The neurophysiological laboratory especially focused on changes of spontaneous bioelectric activity of different brain structures in terms of the formation of functional systems of behavior. The microelectrode technique of registration of activity of individual neurons that are part of different brain structures was used for the first time. This allowed to investigate the characteristics of individual neurons of the sea slug Aplysia depilans. In the Department of Physiology, researchers' attention was drawn to an orientation-questioning reaction, as a fundamental biological reaction. In addition to the vegetative and electroencephalographic parameters of the mentioned reaction, a special interest was allocated to the neural and neurochemical characteristics of certain brain structures during that reaction. To this end, microelectrode and microiontophoretic examinations of activity of single neurons in various structures of the brain were conducted on laboratory animals. In the middle of the 20th Century, the impact of artificial electromagnetic fields on biological systems was considered as a serious setback. This resulted in the conduction of extensive researches on the effects of these fields on biological systems.

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Study on the relationship between menopausal age, body mass index and total number of teeth

Romanian Journal of Stomatology ◽

10.37897/rjs.2021.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Ioana Madalina Lescai ◽

◽

Laurenta Lelia Mihai ◽

Monica Mihaela Cirstoiu ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Entire Group ◽

Number Of Teeth ◽

Group I ◽

Average Body Mass ◽

Group Ii ◽

The Relationship ◽

Average Body

Objectives. The objective of this study is to assess the state of oral health, from the perspective of the number of teeth present, according to the body mass index as a representative element of health. Materials and methods. This study consists of 180 patients from a private dental practice. All 180 patient records were reviewed for an assessment of the number of teeth present and the body mass index at menopausal age. The cohort of patients was divided into two groups, a group of women aged 40 to 54.9 years and the second group, which included women aged 55 and over. The 2 groups were divided based on premenopausal (group I) and postmenopausal (group II) age. Results. The average number of present teeth (based on radiographs) for the entire population of 180 patients is 22.02 teeth. In group I, for the 109 women in the premenopausal group, the average number of teeth is 23.94. The total number of teeth for the 71 women in the postmenopausal group is 19.07. The average BMI for the entire group of patients is 27.24 kg/m2, with a lower value in group I, 26.25 kg/m2, compared to group II, 28.78 kg/m2. Discussions. The average number of teeth in the premenopausal group is higher than in the postmenopausal group. The average body mass index places the whole series of patients in the overweight category. Conclusions. This study shows that the relationship between BMI and the number of lost teeth is positive and proportional, BMI increases with increasing number of teeth lost at premenopausal age.

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