scholarly journals Diverse mixing states of amine-containing single particles in Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 17953-17967
Author(s):  
Qi En Zhong ◽  
Chunlei Cheng ◽  
Zaihua Wang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Bulk Analysis ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Mixing States

Abstract. The mixing states of particulate amines with different chemical components are of great significance in studying the formation and evolution processes of amine-containing particles. In this work, the mixing states of single particles containing trimethylamine (TMA) and diethylamine (DEA) are investigated using a high-performance single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer located in Nanjing, China, in September 2019. TMA- and DEA-containing particles accounted for 22.8 % and 5.5 % of the total detected single particles, respectively. The particle count and abundance of the TMA-containing particles in the total particles notably increased with enhancement of ambient relative humidity (RH), while the DEA-containing particles showed no increase under a high RH. This result suggested the important role of RH in the formation of particulate TMA. Significant enrichments of secondary organic species, including 43C2H3O+, 26CN−, 42CNO−, 73C3H5O2-, and 89HC2O4-, were found in DEA-containing particles, indicating that DEA-containing particles were closely associated with the aging of secondary organics. The differential mass spectra of the DEA-containing particles showed a much higher abundance of nitrate and organic nitrogen species during the nighttime than during the daytime, which suggested that the nighttime production of particulate DEA might be associated with reactions of gaseous DEA with HNO3 and/or particulate nitrate. In the daytime, the decrease in DEA-containing particles was observed with the enrichment of oxalate and glyoxylate, which suggested a substantial impact of photochemistry on the aging process of DEA-containing particles. Furthermore, more than 80 % of TMA- and DEA-containing particles internally mixed with nitrate, while the abundance of sulfate was higher in the DEA-containing particles (79.3 %) than in the TMA-containing particles (55.3 %). This suggested that particulate DEA existed both as nitrate and sulfate aminium salts, while the particulate TMA primarily presented as nitrate aminium salt. The different mixing states of the TMA- and DEA-containing particles suggested their different formation processes and various influencing factors, which are difficult to investigate using bulk analysis. These results provide insights into the discriminated fates of organics during the evolution process in aerosols, which helps to illustrate the behavior of secondary organic aerosols.

scholarly journals Diverse mixing states of amine-containing single particles in Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi En Zhong ◽  
Chunlei Cheng ◽  
Zaihua Wang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Bulk Analysis ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Mixing States

Abstract. The mixing states of particulate amines with different chemical components are of great significance in studying the formation and evolution processes of amine-containing particles. In this work, the mixing states of single particles containing trimethylamine (TMA) and diethylamine (DEA) are investigated in order to study the formation and aging processes of the single particles using a high-performance single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer located in Nanjing, China, in September 2019. TMA- and DEA-containing particles accounted for 22.8 % and 5.5 % of the total detected single particles, respectively. The particle count and abundance of the TMA-containing particles in total particles notably increased with enhancement of ambient relative humidity (RH), while the DEA-containing particles showed no increase under a high RH. This result suggested the important role of RH in the formation of particulate TMA. Significant enrichments of secondary organic species, including 43C2H3O+, 26CN−, 42CNO−, 73C3H5O2−, and 89HC2O4−, were found in DEA-containing particles, indicating that DEA-containing particles were closely associated with the aging of secondary organics. The particle count and abundance of DEA-containing particles showed a prominent increase during the nighttime, but a sharp decrease during the afternoon. Furthermore, the differential mass spectra of the DEA-containing particles showed a much higher abundance of nitrate during the nighttime than during the daytime. In addition, the number fraction of organic nitrogen species in the DEA-containing particles and ambient NOx both showed consistent increasing trends, similar to the accumulation of DEA-containing particles during the nighttime. This suggested that the nighttime production of particulate DEA might be associated with reactions of gaseous DEA with HNO3 and/or particulate nitrate. Higher abundances of oxalate and glyoxylate were found in DEA-containing particles during the strong photochemistry period when the abundance of DEA-containing particles decreased to the lowest of the total particles. This result suggested a substantial impact of photochemistry on the aging process of DEA-containing particles. Further, greater than 80 % of TMA- and DEA-containing particles internally mixed with nitrate, while the abundance of sulfate was higher in the DEA-containing particles (79.3 %) than in the TMA-containing particles (55.3 %). In addition, a lesser amount of ammonium was found in the DEA-containing particles (13.2 %) compared with the TMA-containing particles (35 %). These observations suggested that particulate DEA existed both as nitrate and sulfate aminium salts, while the particulate TMA primarily presented as nitrate aminium salt. Overall, the different mixing states of the TMA- and DEA-containing particles suggested their different formation processes and various influencing factors, which are difficult to be investigated using bulk analysis. These results provide insights into the discriminated fates of organics during the evolution process in aerosols, which provides a better illustration of the behavior of secondary organic aerosols.

scholarly journals DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT FOR EVALUATING SEATING POSITIONS IN PARALYMPIC ROWING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2485-2494
Author(s):  
S. W. Eikevåg ◽  
A. Kvam ◽  
M. K. Bjølseth ◽  
J. F. Erichsen ◽  
M. Steinert
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Design Challenge ◽  
The Many ◽  
Seating Position

AbstractWhen designing high performance sports equipment for Paralympic athletes, there are many unknowns for the design engineer to consider. The design challenge is an optimisation task per individual athlete. However, modelling this optimisation is difficult due to the many variables. This article presents the design of an experiment for identifying and evaluating various seating positions in Paralympic rowing by using a rowing ergometer with a modified seat. Results indicate that changing seating position has a substantial impact on per-athlete rowing performance.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Analysis of An Anti-Diabetic Formulation: Kimshukatvagadi Ghana Capsule

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Garima Singh ◽  
Shailesh V Deshpande ◽  
Rinjin G Krishna
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Strychnos Potatorum ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Salacia Reticulata

Ayurveda is one of the oldest and holistic science. Herbal medicines have a long therapeutic history; serving many of the health needs of large population of the world. However, the quality control and assurance remains as a challenge due to the high discrepancy of chemical components involved. In Ayurvedic texts, several formulations have been mentioned in Prameha (Diabetes Mellitus). Kimshukatvagadi is one such formulation mentioned in Sahasrayoga Vati Prakarana adhyaya. It contains Palash (Butea monosperma Lam.), Haridra (Curcuma longa L.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis L.), Kataka (Strychnos potatorum L.f.), Vairi (Salacia reticulata Wight). Kimshukatvagadi Vati was converted into Ghana to increase its potency and then it was sealed into Capsule for increasing the shelf life, making it easy to dispense, dose fixation etc. Kimshukatvagadi Ghana Capsule was subjected to organoleptic analysis, phytochemical and qualitative analysis to detect the presence of various functional groups, and to high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) examination by optimizing the solvent systems.

scholarly journals Chemical Profiles and Simultaneous Quantification of Aurantii fructus by Use of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with GC-MS and HPLC Methods

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie He ◽  
Zongkai Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Suren Sooranna ◽  
Yiting Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tof Ms

Aurantii fructus (AF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to improve gastrointestinal motility disorders for over a thousand years, but there is no exhaustive identification of the basic chemical components and comprehensive quality control of this herb. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to identify the basic chemical compounds, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the major biochemical markers from AF extract. There were 104 compounds belonging to eight structure types, including 13 amino acids or peptides, seven alkaloids, 18 flavanones, 14 flavones, 15 polymethoxyflavonoids, six triterpenoids, nine coumarins, and 18 volatile oils, as well as four other compounds that were systematically identified as the basic components from AF, and among them, 41 compounds were reported for the first time. Twelve bioactive ingredients were chosen as the benchmark markers to evaluate the quality of AF. The analysis was completed with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min within 55 min. This efficient method was validated showing good linearity, precision, stability, repeatability and recovery. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 12 chemical markers in different samples of AF. This study could be applied to the identification of multiple bioactive substances and improve the quality control of AF.

Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Metabolism of Chemical Constituents of Berberis kansuensis Extract Based on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS Technique

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Du ◽  
Tong Xu ◽  
Huan Yi ◽  
Xinmei Xu ◽  
Chengcheng Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Metabolic Transformation ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

AbstractThe dried stem bark of Berberis kansuensis is a commonly used Tibetan herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes. Its main chemical components are alkaloids, such as berberine, magnoflorine and jatrorrhizine. However, the role of gut microbiota in the in vivo metabolism of these chemical components has not been fully elucidated. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) technology was applied to detect and identify prototype components and metabolites in rat intestinal contents and serum samples after oral administration of a B. kansuensis extract. A total of 16 prototype components and 40 metabolites were identified. The primary metabolic pathways of the chemical components from B. kansuensis extract were demethylation, desaturation, deglycosylation, reduction, hydroxylation, and other conjugation reactions including sulfation, glucuronidation, glycosidation, and methylation. By comparing the differences of metabolites between diabetic and pseudo-germ-free diabetic rats, we found that the metabolic transformation of some chemical components in B. kansuensis extract such as bufotenin, ferulic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, magnoflorine, and 8-oxyberberine, was affected by the gut microbiota. The results revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the metabolic transformation of chemical constituents in B. kansuensis extract. These findings can enhance our understanding of the active ingredients of B. kansuensis extract and the key role of the gut microbiota on them.

scholarly journals Constructing a data-driven receptor model for organic and inorganic aerosol – a synthesis analysis of eight mass spectrometric data sets from a boreal forest site

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 3645-3672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Äijälä ◽  
Kaspar R. Daellenbach ◽  
Francesco Canonaco ◽  
Liine Heikkinen ◽  
Heikki Junninen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Data ◽  
Spectrometric Data ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Inorganic Aerosol

Abstract. The interactions between organic and inorganic aerosol chemical components are integral to understanding and modelling climate and health-relevant aerosol physicochemical properties, such as volatility, hygroscopicity, light scattering and toxicity. This study presents a synthesis analysis for eight data sets, of non-refractory aerosol composition, measured at a boreal forest site. The measurements, performed with an aerosol mass spectrometer, cover in total around 9 months over the course of 3 years. In our statistical analysis, we use the complete organic and inorganic unit-resolution mass spectra, as opposed to the more common approach of only including the organic fraction. The analysis is based on iterative, combined use of (1) data reduction, (2) classification and (3) scaling tools, producing a data-driven chemical mass balance type of model capable of describing site-specific aerosol composition. The receptor model we constructed was able to explain 83±8 % of variation in data, which increased to 96±3 % when signals from low signal-to-noise variables were not considered. The resulting interpretation of an extensive set of aerosol mass spectrometric data infers seven distinct aerosol chemical components for a rural boreal forest site: ammonium sulfate (35±7 % of mass), low and semi-volatile oxidised organic aerosols (27±8 % and 12±7 %), biomass burning organic aerosol (11±7 %), a nitrate-containing organic aerosol type (7±2 %), ammonium nitrate (5±2 %), and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (3±1 %). Some of the additionally observed, rare outlier aerosol types likely emerge due to surface ionisation effects and likely represent amine compounds from an unknown source and alkaline metals from emissions of a nearby district heating plant. Compared to traditional, ion-balance-based inorganics apportionment schemes for aerosol mass spectrometer data, our statistics-based method provides an improved, more robust approach, yielding readily useful information for the modelling of submicron atmospheric aerosols physical and chemical properties. The results also shed light on the division between organic and inorganic aerosol types and dynamics of salt formation in aerosol. Equally importantly, the combined methodology exemplifies an iterative analysis, using consequent analysis steps by a combination of statistical methods. Such an approach offers new ways to home in on physicochemically sensible solutions with minimal need for a priori information or analyst interference. We therefore suggest that similar statistics-based approaches offer significant potential for un- or semi-supervised machine-learning applications in future analyses of aerosol mass spectrometric data.

scholarly journals New Insights into Bioactive Compounds from the Medicinal Plant Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. and Their Activity against Helicobacter pylori

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Corinne Raïssa Ngnameko ◽  
Lucia Marchetti ◽  
Barbara Zambelli ◽  
Antonio Quotadamo ◽  
Davide Roncarati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Interesting Compound ◽  
H Pylori

The medicinal plant Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) has been traditionally applied for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the kidney and urinary system, the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, and inflammation in general. The present work shows for the first time how chemical components from this plant inhibit Helicobacter pylori growth by urease inhibition and modulation of virulence factors. The crude extract and the main fractions of S. campanulata bark were tested on H. pylori isolated strains and the active ones were further fractionated. Fractions and sub-fractions of the plant crude extract were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic tandem high resolution-mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-HRMS). Several phenolics and triterpenoids were identified. Among the sub-fractions obtained, SB2 showed the capacity to inhibit H. pylori urease in a heterologous bacterial model. One additional sub-fraction (SE3) was able to simultaneously modulate the expression of two adhesins (HopZ and BabA) and one cytotoxin (CagA). The flavonol kaempferol was identified as the most interesting compound that deserves further investigation as a new hit for its capacity to modulate H. pylori virulence factors.

scholarly journals Rapid Characterizaiton of Chemical Constituents of the Tubers of Gymnadenia conopsea by UPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS Analysis

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Xiang-Jian Zhong ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Ning Cai ◽  
Jia-Hui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Gymnadenia Conopsea ◽  
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer ◽  
First Time ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Gymnadenia conopsea R. Br. is a traditional Tibetan medicinal plant that grows at altitudes above 3000 m, which is used to treat neurasthenia, asthma, coughs, and chronic hepatitis. However, a comprehensive configuration of the chemical profile of this plant has not been reported because of the complexity of its chemical constituents. In this study, a rapid and precise method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC–Orbitrap–MS/MS) was established in both positive- and negative-ion modes to rapidly identify various chemical components in the tubers of G. conopsea for the first time. Finally, a total of 91 compounds, including 17 succinic acid ester glycosides, 9 stilbenes, 6 phenanthrenes, 19 alkaloids, 11 terpenoids and steroids, 20 phenolic acid derivatives, and 9 others, were identified in the tubers of G. conopsea based on the accurate mass within 3 ppm error. Furthermore, many alkaloids, phenolic acid derivates, and terpenes were reported from G. conopsea for the first time. This rapid method provides an important scientific basis for further study on the cultivation, clinical application, and functional food of G. conopsea.

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