scholarly journals Advances and visions in large-scale hydrological modelling: findings from the 11th Workshop on Large-Scale Hydrological Modelling

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Döll ◽  
K. Berkhoff ◽  
H. Bormann ◽  
N. Fohrer ◽  
D. Gerten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Large-scale hydrological modelling has become increasingly wide-spread during the last decade. An annual workshop series on large-scale hydrological modelling has provided, since 1997, a forum to the German-speaking community for discussing recent developments and achievements in this research area. In this paper we present the findings from the 2007 workshop which focused on advances and visions in large-scale hydrological modelling. We identify the state of the art, difficulties and research perspectives with respect to the themes "sensitivity of model results", "integrated modelling" and "coupling of processes in hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere". Some achievements in large-scale hydrological modelling during the last ten years are presented together with a selection of remaining challenges for the future.

Qualitative Research - State of the Art

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Flick
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Social Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
And Gender

The background of this article is the observation that the methodological discussions about qualitative research in German-speaking and Anglo-Saxon contexts are quite different. The article gives an overview of the state of the art of qualitative research in terms of its methodological development and its establishment in the broader field of social research. After some brief remarks about the history of the field, the major research perspectives and schools of qualitative research - grounded theory, ethnomethodology, narrative analysis, objective hermeneutics, life-world analysis, ethnography, cultural and gender studies - are outlined against the background of recent developments. The establishment of qualitative research is discussed with reference to the examples of the German and International Sociological Associations (DGS and ISA), to developments in the area of textbooks and handbooks, and to the founding of specialized journals. Methodological trends such as the move to visual and electronic data, triangulation of methods and the hybridization of qualitative procedures are discussed. In conclusion some perspectives are outlined which are expected to become more important in the future of qualitative research or which are seen as demands for further clarification. Beside the use of computers and further clarification on linking qualitative and quantitative research, and the limits and problems of such linkage, further suggestions concerning the ways of presenting appropriate and at the same time compulsory criteria for qualitative research are mentioned. Trends in building schools and developing research pragmatics, on the one hand, and a tendency towards elucidation and mystification of methodological procedures, on the other hand, are identified as tensional fields in methodological discussions in qualitative research. Finally a stronger internationalization in different directions and answering the question of indication are discussed as needs for the future of qualitative research.

Organic Synthesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglass F. Taber ◽  
Tristan Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Enantioselective Epoxidation ◽  
To Come

Organic synthesis is a vibrant and rapidly evolving field; chemists can now cyclize alkenes directly onto enones. Like the first five books in this series, Organic Synthesis: State of the Art 2013-2015 will lead readers quickly to the most important recent developments in a research area. This series offers chemists a way to stay abreast of what's new and exciting in organic synthesis. The cumulative reaction/transformation index of 2013-2015 outlines all significant new organic transformations over the past twelve years. Future volumes will continue to come out every two years. The 2013-2015 volume features the best new methods in subspecialties such as C-O, C-N and C-C ring construction, catalytic asymmetric synthesis, selective C-H functionalization, and enantioselective epoxidation. This text consolidates two years of Douglass Taber's popular weekly online column, "Organic Chemistry Highlights" as featured on the organic-chemistry.org website and also features cumulative indices of all six volumes in this series, going back twelve years.

scholarly journals A Review On State Of The Art Abnormal Activity Recognition Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Keyword(s):  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Manual Inspection ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Camera Surveillance

In last few decades, technological revolution has accelerated the deployment of large scale surveillance systems on almost all public places such as malls, hospitals, airports, railways, bus stations, roads, etc. These intelligent surveillance systems can play crucial role in governance of situations, collective security and safety, mitigating as well as prevention of adversaries. With gradual increase in multi camera surveillance systems enclosing multi angle views of same as well as different scenes has increased complexity of monitoring the systems by manual inspection. Abnormalities also known as anomalies or outliers are inevitable part of the existence and presumed to be rare in occurrence. Manual monitoring of such abnormalities is susceptible to errors and limited by human capabilities such as inattention and tiresome. Hence in the field of computer vision, automated abnormal activity recognition (AAR) from surveillance systems is emerging research area. The intent of this research is to shed a light on recent innovations and developments that have made a mark in abnormal activity recognition (AAR) involving deep learning. This paper also includes conventional categorization of anomalies based on different perspectives which can provide better understanding to young researchers. Though recent developments still poses many real time challenges in automatic abnormal activity recognition, some of them are enclosed in this paper.

scholarly journals Numerical methods for large-scale nonlinear optimization

Acta Numerica ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 299-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Gould ◽  
Dominique Orban ◽  
Philippe Toint
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Nonlinear Optimization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Constrained Problems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Linearly Constrained ◽  
Linearly Constrained Problems

Recent developments in numerical methods for solving large differentiable nonlinear optimization problems are reviewed. State-of-the-art algorithms for solving unconstrained, bound-constrained, linearly constrained and non-linearly constrained problems are discussed. As well as important conceptual advances and theoretical aspects, emphasis is also placed on more practical issues, such as software availability.

Curating Sociology

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 40-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Puwar ◽  
Sanjay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Sociological Imagination ◽  
History Of Sociology ◽  
Public Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

Building on the range of methods available to the roaming sociological imagination, curating sociology is concerned with instituting ‘live’ public encounters. Contending that there are practices in the history of sociology that can be considered instances of curating sociology, this article makes a case for harnessing these to inventive research processes today. The discussion in this article draws attention to recent developments in curating before excavating a selection of practices within sociology upon which we can reflexively build live methods with consideration to creative collaborations, publicness and exhibiting as research. Each of these involves a degree of mutation within the craft of sociology. By way of illustration, the final section of the article explores an in-depth case study of curating sociology for the Noise of the Past project, which involved us, as sociologists, collaborating with creative practitioners and ‘curating’ a large-scale public event.

scholarly journals Robotification & ethical cleansing

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Nørskov
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Intellectual Limitations

AbstractRobotics is currently not only a cutting-edge research area, but is potentially disruptive to all domains of our lives—for better and worse. While legislation is struggling to keep pace with the development of these new artifacts, our intellectual limitations and physical laws seem to present the only hard demarcation lines, when it comes to state-of-the-art R&D. To better understand the possible implications, the paper at hand critically investigates underlying processes and structures of robotics in the context of Heidegger’s and Nishitani’s accounts of science and technology. Furthermore, the analysis draws on Bauman’s theory of modernity in an attempt to assess the potential risk of large-scale robot integration. The paper will highlight undergirding mechanisms and severe challenges imposed upon our socio-cultural lifeworlds by massive robotic integration. Admittedly, presenting a mainly melancholic account, it will, however, also explore the possibility of robotics forcing us to reassess our position and to solve problems, which we seem unable to tackle without facing existential crises.

Probability Forecasts and Their Combination: A Research Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Winkler ◽  
Yael Grushka-Cockayne ◽  
Kenneth C. Lichtendahl ◽  
Victor Richmond R. Jose
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Media ◽  
Evaluation Measure ◽  
Probability Forecasts ◽  
Evaluating Forecasts ◽  
Selection Of

We explore some recent, and not so recent, developments concerning the use of probability forecasts and their combination in decision making. Despite these advances, challenges still exist. We expand on some important challenges influencing the “goodness” of combined probability forecasts such as miscalibration, dependence among forecasters, and selection of an appropriate evaluation measure while connecting the processes of aggregating and evaluating forecasts to decision making. Through three important applications from the domains of meteorology, economics, and political science, we illustrate state-of-the-art usage of probability forecasts: how they are combined, evaluated, and communicated to stakeholders. We expect to see greater use and aggregation of probability forecasts, especially given developments in statistical modeling, machine learning, and expert forecasting; the popularity of forecasting competitions; and the increased reporting of probabilities in the media. Our vision is that increased exposure to and improved visualizations of probability forecasts will enhance the public’s understanding of probabilities and how they can contribute to better decisions.

scholarly journals Baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 498 (2) ◽  
pp. 2887-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Foreman ◽  
William Coulton ◽  
Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro ◽  
Alexandre Barreira
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Matter Power Spectrum ◽  
Hydrodynamical Simulations ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The large-scale clustering of matter is impacted by baryonic physics, particularly active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback. Modelling or mitigating this impact will be essential for making full use of upcoming measurements of cosmic shear and other large-scale structure probes. We study baryonic effects on the matter bispectrum, using measurements from a selection of state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations: IllustrisTNG, Illustris, EAGLE, and BAHAMAS. We identify a low-redshift enhancement of the bispectrum, peaking at $k\sim 3\,h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, which is present in several simulations, and discuss how it can be associated to the evolving nature of AGN feedback at late times. This enhancement does not appear in the matter power spectrum, and therefore represents a new source of degeneracy breaking between two- and three-point statistics. In addition, we provide physical interpretations for other aspects of these measurements, and make initial comparisons to predictions from perturbation theory, empirical fitting formulas, and the response function formalism. We publicly release our measurements (including estimates of their uncertainty due to sample variance) and bispectrum measurement code as resources for the community.

Prosthesis Analysis Based on TRIZ

2013 ◽  
Vol 572 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Rosa Itzel Flores-Luna ◽  
Jesús Manuel Dorador-González ◽  
Adrian Espinosa-Bautista
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The World ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

The Mechanical and Technological Innovation Centre (CDMIT) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico has a research area focused on the design of upper limb prosthesis. A large number of prosthesis have been developed and tested. This paper presents the analysis made to different proposals of myoelectric hands based on TRIZ. Two TRIZ tools were applied: The Innovation Situation Questionnaire (ISQ) and the Radar of Evolution. The analysis was made in terms of time, space and the user interface. The ISQ helps to better define the scope of the problem through six basic questions; each question provides a different view of the problem. The radar of evolution helps to make a selection of trends of evolution depending on the product or system, as an analogy of a benchmark. The analysis was made considering the state-of-the-art hand prosthesis: i-limb, be-bionic, Michelangelo and Myohand against the prosthesis prototypes developed by the CDMIT. The result of this tool is a diagram that reveals the level and opportunities of evolution. These opportunities imply a strengthening of research areas not only in the CDMIT but around the world. The conclusion achieved is that different design paradigms linked to bio-mimics criteria are needed to design more innovative user-friendly prosthesis.

scholarly journals Food Informatics—Review of the Current State-of-the-Art, Revised Definition, and Classification into the Research Landscape

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2889
Author(s):  
Christian Krupitzer ◽  
Anthony Stein
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Current State ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of

Background: The increasing population of humans, changing food consumption behavior, as well as the recent developments in the awareness for food sustainability, lead to new challenges for the production of food. Advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, including Machine Learning and data analytics, might help to account for these challenges. Scope and Approach: Several research perspectives, among them Precision Agriculture, Industrial IoT, Internet of Food, or Smart Health, already provide new opportunities through digitalization. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of the mentioned concepts. An additional concept is Food Informatics, which so far is mostly recognized as a mainly data-driven approach to support the production of food. In this review paper, we propose and discuss a new perspective for the concept of Food Informatics as a supportive discipline that subsumes the incorporation of information technology, mainly IoT and AI, in order to support the variety of aspects tangent to the food production process and delineate it from other, existing research streams in the domain. Key Findings and Conclusions: Many different concepts related to the digitalization in food science overlap. Further, Food Informatics is vaguely defined. In this paper, we provide a clear definition of Food Informatics and delineate it from related concepts. We corroborate our new perspective on Food Informatics by presenting several case studies about how it can support the food production as well as the intermediate steps until its consumption, and further describe its integration with related concepts.

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