Model Assisted Planning of Agricultural Groundwater Development in Bist Doab Interbasin (India)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Kapoor ◽  
Deepak Kashyap
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Development ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Sink Term ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
The Impact

<p>Present study aims at planning of agricultural groundwater development in Bist interbasin (India) that is experiencing excessive water table decline due to intense agricultural groundwater pumping. The interbasin covering an area of 8040 Km<sup>2</sup> comprises an alluvial unconfined aquifer that is hydraulically connected to two major perennial rivers viz., Satluj and Beas.  A finite difference based distributed flow model of the study area was calibrated for transmissivity geostatistically on the basis of discrete point data at 15 points, and head fields available at 6 discrete times. The deficit of transmissivity data was overcome by invoking the Pilot point approach wherein transmissivity at additional artificial points are estimated by the least squares approach. The calibrated model was oriented towards the agricultural objective by correlating its sink term with crop areas. The model was used to simulate the long-term stabilized head and the depth fields corresponding to prevailing cropping pattern. The simulation indicates large and unsustainable water table decline. The impact of various moderated cropping patterns on the water table decline was subsequently simulated. It was concluded that replacement of some fraction of area under water intensive rice crop by maize crop area may stabilize the water table depths to acceptable limit.</p>

Impact of changing cropping pattern on the regional agricultural water productivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. SUN ◽  
P. T. WU ◽  
Y. B. WANG ◽  
X. N. ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYWater scarcity is a major constraint of agricultural production in arid and semi-arid areas. In the face of future water scarcity, one possible way the agricultural sector could be adapted is to change cropping patterns and make adjustments for available water resources for irrigation. The present paper analyses the temporal evolution of cropping pattern from 1960 to 2008 in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. The impact of changing cropping patterns on regional agricultural water productivity is evaluated from the water footprint (WF) perspective. Results show that the area under cash crops (e.g. sunflower and melon) has risen phenomenally over the study period because of increased economic returns pursued by farmers. Most of these cash crops have a smaller WF (high water productivity) than grain crops in HID. With the increase of area sown to cash crops, water productivity in HID increased substantially. Changing the cropping pattern has significant effects on regional crop water productivity: in this way, HID has increased the total crop production without increasing significantly the regional water consumption. The results of this case study indicate that regional agricultural water can be used effectively by properly planning crop areas and patterns under irrigation water limitations. However, there is a need to foster a cropping pattern that is multifunctional and sustainable, which can guarantee food security, enhance natural resource use and provide stable and high returns to farmers.

scholarly journals Studi Peningkatan Intensitas Luas Dan Pola Tanam Pada Daerah Irigasi Krueng Jreue

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Faisal Faisal ◽  
Alfiansyah Yulianu ◽  
Ella Mailianda
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
Discharge Water ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crop Area

Krueng Jreue irrigation area is one of the oldest irrigation in Aceh Besar district, located in the District of Indrapuri, was inaugurated in 1972 by President Soeharto. Rice area irrigated by this irrigation is 4277.6 ha. Jreue Krueng irrigated areas have rice-rice cropping intensity of plants ranging from 158% to 156%. The intensity of these plants are still below the expected crop intensity, is equal to 200%. To increase the intensity of these plants, it is necessary to study the increased intensity of Krueng Jreue tanamana irrigation area by selecting the appropriate alternative cropping patterns according to the water balance. This study aims to determine the amount of discharge mainstay available on the weir, know the size of the crop water requirement for each alternative, determine optimal crop area that can be irrigated by water that is available, and conduct studies on water balance based cropping planned. Expected to describe the water balance of alternative cropping patterns were obtained. The method used in this research including data collection and data analysis to determine the mainstay discharge, water irrigation, cropping pattern and cropping intensity. The study results obtained by the intensity of the plants can reach 200% by the water supply system using the technical rotation irrigation area is divided into two groups. The first type, cropping season from October period to 2. The second class of the cropping season from November to 2.

scholarly journals Mapping Maize Cropping Patterns in Dak Lak, Vietnam Through MODIS EVI Time Series

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Thu Nguyen ◽  
Loc Van Nguyen ◽  
C.A.J.M (Kees) de Bie ◽  
Ignacio A. Ciampitti ◽  
Duc Anh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Modis Evi ◽  
Land Use Maps

Land use maps specifying up-to-date acreage information on maize (Zea mays L.) cropping patterns are required by many stakeholders in Vietnam. Government statistics, however, lag behind by one year, and the official land use maps are only updated at 5-year intervals. The aim of this study was to apply the Savitzky–Golay algorithm to reconstruct noisy Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) time series (2003–2018) from Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Indices (MOD13Q1) to allow timely detection of changes in maize crop phenology, and then to employ a linear kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier on the reconstructed EVI time series to prepare the present-day maize cropping pattern map of Dak Lak province of Vietnam. The method was able to specify the spatial extent of areas cropped to maize with an overall map accuracy of 79% and could also differentiate the areas cropped to maize just once versus twice annually. The by-district mapped maize acreage shows a good agreement with the official governmental data, with a 0.93 correlation coefficient (r) and a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 1624 ha.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Banana Based Cropping Pattern in District Thatta, Sindh Province of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Ghulam Nabi Dahri ◽  
Basit Ali Talpur ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa Nangraj ◽  
Tehmina Mangan ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Channa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Change Effect ◽  
Climate Change Effect ◽  
The Impact

Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world due to changing climatic conditions. While a head facing the risk of food and nutrition insecurity. It is a land of variety both in terms of resources and people. The study focused on the district Thatta and its coastal district of Sindh province, to determine the complex problem-related climate change and effects; the district has received due to various climatic factors. Banana is known to be the most important fruit crop of Pakistan. It is cultivated over 34,800 hectares with the production of 154,800 tons. It is primarily grown in Sindh province because the soil and climatic conditions favour cultivating fruits and vegetables, further, this province shares 87 percent in the cultivation of the banana crop. The study aims to carry out the impact of climate change effect on banana cropping patterns. The present study aimed to observe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, review the present status of banana production in Sindh province, explore the status of cropping pattern in the study area, and examine climate change effect on banana cropping pattern, by using primary as well as secondary data. In Sindh province, Banana is cultivated in three main districts among them, Thatta shares 17.6 percent in the area and 17.1 percent production in the overall province. Furthermore, farmer’s perception regarding climate change, the majority proportion of farmers agreed temperature has raised and cropping pattern practices also effected and changed, while water-related issues are rising day by day in the study area.

scholarly journals Impact of introducing low lift pump on improving income of farm households in some areas of Bhola district in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
MK Majumder ◽  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average Educational Level

This study focuses the impact of low lift pump (LLP) on farm income and cropping patterns followed by the selected farmers in Bhola district. A random sampling technique was used for the study. Primary data were collected from 60 LLP users from January to March, 2010 through two set of pre-tested questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and profit function were used in the study. Most of the farmers are well experience in farming. The average age of the household head is 47 for owner, 45 for tenant, 44 for owner cum tenant and 41 for LLP owners. The average educational level is 6 for owner, 4 for cash tenant, 5 for owner cum tenant and 5 for LLP Owners. Household size is the largest for cash tenant which is 5.36. Mug – Fallow - B.Aman was the main cropping patterns before using LLP and it was 39.22%. On the other hand, Boro – Fallow -T.Aman was the main cropping pattern after introducing LLP and it was 53.22% in the study area. The income increased in all categories of farmers due to the introduction of LLP. Cash tenant earned more and owner cultivators earned less among the farmer’s categories.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11035   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 233–240, 2011

scholarly journals Consequences of Agricultural Labour Scarcity on Cropping Pattern Dynamics in Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
R. Gayathri ◽  
K. R. Karunakaran ◽  
A. Vidhyavathi ◽  
Ga. Dheebakaran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Pattern Dynamics ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Cropping Pattern is a complicated process that is influenced by a variety of socioeconomic, agro-climatic, and ecological factors. Even though India has the second-largest manpower in the world, all sectors of the economy have been affected by the scarcity of labour, the impact being felt more in the agricultural sector. The acute scarcity of agricultural labourers in the India has resulted in crop establishment delays, poor crop growth, no or late weeding, inappropriate fertilizer use, insufficient irrigation water, and other factors that have pushed Indian farmers to switching from farming to non-farm occupations. The present study was undertaken to analyze the dynamics of cropping patterns in the state, Tamil Nadu. Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts were selected purposively to represent the high and low crop diversity cropping system respectively. The study was based on both primary and secondary data for the period of 10 years from 2010-11 to 2019-20 to analyze the decadal change. Tabular Analysis, Compound Growth Rate and Markov chain analysis were used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that there are marginal changes in cropping pattern, increases towards the commercial crops such as sugarcane, tapioca, cotton and banana. The total fallow land share has increased continuously leaving a lesser area for cropping. The reported dynamics change the agricultural productivity and increased mechanization, which might be due to growth in the labour scarcity. The results showed that farmers were shifting from high labour intensive crops such as paddy, sugarcane, cotton to low labor-intensive crops such as groundnut, black gram over the years. Due to the higher requirement of laborers for cultivating crops, crop retention probability was lesser which means the crops have become less and less stable. It is therefore recommended that the district, state, and country's agricultural extension systems must be geared up to curbing the shifting farmers away from traditional farming practices and educate them on the use of available labor-saving equipment and technology.

Impact of Optimal Cropping Patterns on Incomes in a Punjab District

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-221
Author(s):  
M. Arshad Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Punjab Province ◽  
Optimal Cropping

To improve farm incomes in developing countries, the foremost question that the farmer must address himself to is: what cropping pattern best uses the fixed resources in order to get the highest returns? During the last decade, the agricultural economists have shown great interest in applying the tools of linear programming to individual farms. Most of the studies conducted elsewhere have shown that, under existing cropping pattern, farm resources were not being utilized optimally on the small farms.[l, 4]. We conducted a survey in the canal-irrigated areas of the Punjab province of Pakistan1 to investigate into the same problem. This short note aims at identifying the opti¬mal cropping pattern and to estimate the increase in farm incomes as a result of a switch towards it on the sampled farms.

Assessing the impact of exceptional inter-annual climatic variability on rates of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange at Clara bog.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Saunders ◽  
Ruchita Ingle ◽  
Shane Regan
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
The Impact

<p>Peatland ecosystems are integral to the mitigation of climate change as they represent significant terrestrial carbon sinks. In Ireland, peatlands cover ~20% of the land area but hold up to 75% of the soil organic carbon stock however many of these ecosystems (~85% of the total area) have been degraded due to anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, forestry and extraction for horticulture or energy. Furthermore, the carbon stocks that remain in these systems are vulnerable to inter-annual variation in climate, such as changes in precipitation and temperature, which can alter the hydrological status of these systems leading to changes in key biogeochemical processes and carbon and greenhouse gas exchange.  During 2018 exceptional drought and heatwave conditions were reported across Northwestern Europe, where reductions in precipitation coupled with elevated temperatures were observed. Exceptional inter-annual climatic variability was also observed at Clara bog, a near natural raised bog in the Irish midlands when data from 2018 and 2019 were compared. Precipitation in 2018 was ~300 mm lower than 2019 while the average mean annual temperature was 0.5°C higher. The reduction in precipitation, particularly during the growing season in 2018, consistently lowered the water table where ~150 consecutive days where the water table was >5cm below the surface of the bog were observed at the central ecotope location. The differing hydrological conditions between years resulted in the study area, as determined by the flux footprint of the eddy covariance tower, acting as a net source of carbon of 53.5 g C m<sup>-2</sup> in 2018 and a net sink of 125.2 g C m<sup>-2</sup> in 2019. The differences in the carbon dynamics between years were primarily driven by enhanced ecosystem respiration (R<sub>eco</sub>) and lower rates of Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) in the drier year, where the maximum monthly ratio of GPP:R<sub>eco</sub> during the growing season was 0.96 g C m<sup>-2</sup> month in 2018 and 1.14 g C m<sup>-2</sup> month in 2019. This study highlights both the vulnerability and resilience of these ecosystems to exceptional inter-annual climatic variability and emphasises the need for long-term monitoring networks to enhance our understanding of the impacts of these events when they occur.</p>

Impact of Land Conservation Technologies on Agricultural Productivity in Tanzania

Utafiti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Onesmo Selijio
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Conservation Technologies

Land management and conservation have been considered the most important aspects of sustainable productivity in economically developing countries where land degradation is a major challenge. In Tanzania, both the government and international organizations have been promoting adoption of land management and conservation technologies (LMCTs) for a long time. This paper establishes the impact of three LMCTs – soil water conservation technologies and erosion control (SWCEC), organic and inorganic fertilizers – on maize crop yields in different rainfall zones, using national panel survey data. The study employs static panel models to analyse the two-period data sets for 2008-2009 and 2010-2011. The results indicate that adoption of LMCTs do contribute significantly to maize yield. The greatest effects of organic and SWCEC methods on crop yield were realized in low rainfall zones, while that of inorganic fertilizers was observed in high rainfall zones. These findings support previous cross-sectional data analyses, suggesting for policy makers that a blanket land management and conservation programme applied uniformly to all agro-ecological zones is not strategically beneficial. The advisability of a technology employed in a given zone should be supported by local knowledge and research findings culled from that particular area.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Chicken Manure Effect on Corn Growth and Yield in Double Row Cropping Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Suprijono ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Cropping Patterns

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a common food and feed product in the community since it is commonly used as rice substitution as food staple. Fertilizer application is required to attain crop high yields. Plants can receive nutrients from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers (NF) during their growth cycle. However, excessive use of NF might harm the environment. Organic chicken manure (CM), on the other hand, can minimize the harmful impact of NF. Chicken manure benefits to improve the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. To boost maize plant growth and productivity, might employ CM and NF. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of NF and CM on corn growth and yield. This research was conducted in Kembang Seri, Central Bengkulu, Indonesia from November 2019 to February 2020 using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was NF doses (100, 125, and 150 %), and the second-factor consisted of CM doses (0, 10, and 20 tons/ha). Data were analyzed using ANOVA F-5%. On shoot dry weight of corn cultivated in a double row cropping pattern, there was an interaction between the dose of N and chicken manure. At 0 tons/ha, the optimum N fertilizer dose for chicken manure is 135.96 %, or 407.86 kg urea/ha. At a dose of 20 tons/ha, the optimum N fertilizer dose for chicken manure is 141.22 %, or 423.65 kg urea/ha. In a double row cropping pattern, different nitrogen fertilizer doses had no effect on corn growth and yield. The optimal dose of chicken manure was 16.65 tons/ha for plant height, 17.35 tons/ha for stem diameter, 18.89 tons/ha for leaf greenness, 17.35 tons/ha for cob length, 15.01 tons/ha for cob weight, 18.87 tons/ha for dry seed weight/plant, and 19.74 tons/ha for dry seed weight/plot.

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