Testing direct dating of Alpine faults by luminescence and ESR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiko Tsukamoto ◽  
David Tanner ◽  
Christian Brandes ◽  
Christoph von Hagke
Keyword(s):  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Fault Gouge ◽  
Esr Dating ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Infrared Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Saturation Dose

<p>For a better understanding of the recent exhumation history of the Alps and the distribution of palaeo- and recent earthquakes within the orogen, it is important to elucidate the Quaternary activity of major faults. In this study, we test the applicability of luminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating, which have ultralow closure temperatures, to directly date fault gouge of the Simplon Fault. A dark grey to black, fine-grained fault gouge was sampled near Visp, Switzerland, from an outcrop that exposes rocks that formed at ductile/brittle conditions. Quartz and feldspar grains were extracted from the sample; quartz grains were used for ESR dating, whereas feldspar grains were used for infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating.</p><p>The IRSL measurements reveal that the natural post-IR IRSL signal, stimulated at 225°C (pIRIR<sub>225</sub>) was in saturation. The pIRIR<sub>225</sub> signal had an extremely low saturation dose, with a characteristic saturation dose (D<sub>0</sub>) of ~90 Gy. The natural IRSL signal at 50°C (IR<sub>50</sub>) is about 80 % of the laboratory saturation, so that this signal is presumably in the field saturation. The IR<sub>50 </sub>also showed a small D<sub>0</sub> of ~250 Gy. Although these D<sub>0</sub> values are unexpectedly small, the IRSL signals can be used to calculate the minimum age of the last seismic movement of the fault.</p><p>Both natural and laboratory-irradiated ESR spectra did not contain detectable Ti centre. Therefore, only the Al centre was used for ESR dating. The natural Al centre from the fault was not in saturation, with a preliminary equivalent dose value of ~1500 Gy. Since the last seismogenic movement most likely only partially reset the Al centre, the ESR age can be regarded as the maximum age of the last event.  We show that by combining luminescence and ESR dating, it is possible to narrow down the age range of the last seismic activity on the fault.</p>

Syphilis among men who have sex with men attending a large HIV clinic in Trinidad

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242199719
Author(s):  
Robert Jeffrey Edwards ◽  
Isshad John ◽  
Selena Todd ◽  
Leon-Omari Lavia ◽  
David Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Previous History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Age Range

A chart review study was conducted to determine the prevalence of syphilis and explore the associated risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) who attended a large HIV clinic in Trinidad during the period January–December 2019. Patients were routinely screened for syphilis annually, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from the medical records. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, and factors significantly associated with a syphilis diagnosis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. During the period, 218 MSM were seen, age range 19–67 years, and median age 34.0 years. The prevalence of syphilis was 41.3% (90/218), and 71.1% (64//90) of these infections were asymptomatic. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that MSM living with HIV in the 30–34 years old-age group (OR, 4.32; 95% CI, 1.04–18.02), and those with a previous history of treated syphilis (OR, 10.18; 95% CI, 4.60–22.53) were more likely to be diagnosed with syphilis. The prevalence of syphilis is high among MSM attending the HIV clinic in Trinidad, and most of these infections were asymptomatic; hence, targeted and sustained interventions to reduce syphilis transmission are urgently required. Repeat episodes of syphilis may play a role in the transmission dynamics of syphilis in MSM.

Adolescents creating cartoons: A developmental study of humor

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Pedrazzini ◽  
Lucía Bugallo ◽  
Constanza Zinkgräf ◽  
Nora Scheuer
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Communication Analysis ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Communication Activity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Cognitive Sophistication

AbstractDevelopmental studies on humor have historically approached a limited age range – from birth until early adolescence – and have mostly considered humor interpretation and the production of situational and verbal humor. Focusing on cartooning, a highly demanding cognitive and communication activity, in this paper we aim to provide empirical data drawn from a larger age span than usual – 10 to 18 years old – to better understand what adolescents find humorous and how they create humor. Our corpus comes from nine workshops of cartoon production and interpretation conducted between 2015 and 2018, in which a total of 63 girls and 72 boys participated. Based on a fine-grained cognitive and communication analysis, we distinguished six different profiles of texts depending on: whether and how a fictional situation (i.e. a humorous incongruity) was built, its relation to the referenced situation addressed (topic), and the author’s motivation. Simple Correspondence Analyses enabled us to identify that these texts varied according to the adolescents’ age and the cartoon’s format (single panel or strip). Greater cognitive sophistication was evidenced in single panel cartoons and among middle and late adolescents, who also showed a concern for social issues. Some gender variations were found.

scholarly journals Older Adults and Technology Use: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 823-823
Author(s):  
Hyung Wook Choi ◽  
Rose Ann DiMaria-Ghalili ◽  
Mat Kelly ◽  
Alexander Poole ◽  
Erjia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Researchers are increasingly interested in leveraging technology to support the physical and mental well-being of older adults. We systematically reviewed previous scholars’ criteria for sampling older adult populations, focusing on age cohorts (namely adults over 65) and their use of internet and smart technologies. We iteratively developed keyword combinations that represent older adults and technology from the retrieved literature. Between 2011 and 2020, 70 systematic reviews were identified, 26 of which met our inclusion criteria for full review. Most important, not one of the 26 papers used a sample population classification more fine-grained than “65 and older.” A knowledge gap thus exists; researchers lack a nuanced understanding of differences within this extraordinarily broad age-range. Demographics that we propose to analyze empirically include not only finer measures of age (e.g., 65-70 or 71-75, as opposed to “65 and older”), but also those age groups’ attitudes toward and capacity for technology use.

scholarly journals Application of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection of Proliferative Enteritis-Affected Swine Herds

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K. Holyoake ◽  
Gary F. Jones ◽  
Peter R. Davies ◽  
Dennis L. Foss ◽  
Michael P. Murtaugh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Swine Herds ◽  
Age Range

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to confirm the presence of ileal symbiont (IS) intracellularis in 3 swine herds with a history of proliferative enteritis (PE). Two pooled fecal specimens, each comprising 5 individual stool samples, were collected from pen floors to screen for the presence of IS intracellularis and determine the age range of pigs shedding the organism. IS intracellularis was detected in the feces of clinically normal 10–25week-old grower/finisher pigs, indicating that this age range of pigs was the main source of infection for younger nursery pigs. Shedding continued without clinical disease when 10–100 g/ton of tylosin or 10 g/ton of chlortetracycline was added to the feed. PCR testing of pooled fecal samples can be used to identify groups of pigs affected with PE. The results of this study indicate that this PCR assay has the potential to accurately assess the IS intracellularis infection status of swine herds and the association of IS intracellular-is with PE and growth performance.

scholarly journals Sleep terrors antecedent is common in adolescents with migraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libânia Melo Nunes Fialho ◽  
Ricardo Silva Pinho ◽  
Jaime Lin ◽  
Thais Soares Cianciarullo Minett ◽  
Maria Sylvia de Souza Vitalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Sleep Terrors ◽  
Headache Diary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

Migraines and sleep terrors (STs) are highly prevalent disorders with striking similarities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the antecedent of STs by comparing adolescents suffering from migraines with healthy controls in a large consecutive series. METHODS: All patients were subjected to a detailed headache questionnaire and were instructed to keep a headache diary during a two-month period. The age range was 10 to 19 years. The diagnosis of STs was defined according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. RESULTS: A total of 158 participants were evaluated. Of these participants, 50 suffered from episodic migraines (EMs), 57 had chronic migraines (CMs) and 51 were control subjects (CG). Participants who had a history of STs had significantly more migraines than participants who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Migraine is strongly associated with a history of STs in the adolescent population independent of demographics and pain intensity.

Use of pyrite microfabric as a key to tectono-thermal evolution of massive sulphide deposits – an example from Deri, southern Rajasthan, India

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Tiwary ◽  
Mihir Deb ◽  
Nigel J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Massive Sulphide ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Sulphide Deposit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Delhi Fold Belt

AbstractPyrite is an ubiquitous constituent of the Proterozoic massive sulphide deposit at Deri, in the South Delhi Fold Belt of southern Rajasthan. Preserved pyrite microfabrics in the Zn-Pb-Cu sulphide ores of Deri reveal a polyphase growth history of the iron sulphide and enable the tectono-thermal evolution of the deposit to be reconstructed.Primary sedimentary features in Deri pyrites are preserved as compositional banding. Regional metamorphism from mid-greenschist to low amphibolite facies is recorded by various microtextures of pyrite. Trails of fine grained pyrite inclusions within hornblende porphyroblasts define S1-schistosity. Pyrite boudins aligned parallel to S1 mark the brittle–ductile transformation of pyrite during the earliest deformation in the region. Isoclinal to tight folds (F1 and F2) in pyrite layers relate to a ductile deformation stage during progressive regional metamorphism. Peak metamorphic conditions around 550°C, an estimation supported by garnet–biotite thermometry, resulted in annealing of pyrite grains, while porphyroblastic growth of pyrite (up to 900 µm) took place along the retrogressive path. Brittle deformation of pyrite and growth of irregular pyritic mass around such fractured porphyroblasts characterize the waning phase of regional metamorphism. A subsequent phase of stress-free, thermal metamorphism is recorded in the decussate and rosette textures of arsenopyrite prisms replacing irregular pyritic mass. Annealing of such patchy pyrite provides information regarding the temperature conditions during this episode of thermal metamorphism which is consistent with the hornblendehornfels facies metamorphism interpreted from magnetite–ilmenite geothermometry (550°C) and sphalerite geobarometry (3.5 kbar). A mild cataclastic deformation during the penultimate phase produced microfaults in twinned arsenopyrite prisms.

scholarly journals OUTCOME OF CEREBRAL CONTUSIONS DUE TO TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Khan ◽  
Habib sultan ◽  
Amir Aziz ◽  
Shahrukh Rizvi ◽  
Tauqeer Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of surgically operated vs conservatively treated patients of cerebral contusions due to traumatic brain injury. METHODOLOGY: This comparative study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014 at the department of Neurosurgery, PGMI Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. A total of 50 patients were included in this study of both gender (male and female) and in the age range of 15-65 years. In our study 20 patients were managed conservatively while other 30 patients were operated for cerebral contusions. The mode of injury in our study was road traffic accidents and history of falls. RESULTS: Out of 50 patients, there were 41 (82%) males and 09 (18%) female patients. Their age ranged from 15 - 65 years. In this study the overall mean age is 38.36 years. The maximum numbers of patients were in their third and fourth decades of life. In our study the duration of hospital stay in conservatively managed patients was longer as compared to surgically treated patients who were discharged earlier. Mortality rate in surgically managed patients having a GCS ranged between 09 to 12 was very low contrary to the conservatively managed group, similarly the rate of delayed contusion formation and edema was also low in surgically managed patients as compared to those who were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Surgically managed patients of cerebral contusions in traumatic brain injury has better outcome and decreased hospital stay as compared to conservatively managed patients.

scholarly journals Surgical management of vesicovaginal fistula repair: Our experience.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 1872-1877
Author(s):  
Mumtaz Rasool ◽  
Mudasar Saeed Pansota ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad Saleem ◽  
Fariha Mumtaz ◽  
Shafqat Ali Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Fistula Formation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vaginal Repair ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Recurrent Fistula ◽  
Clinical Control ◽  
Abdominal Repair ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Control Trial ◽  
Age Range

Objectives: The results of our study would generate useful baseline database which would help the surgeons to manage these fistulae and their related complications properly. Study Design: Non-randomized Clinical Control Trial study. Setting: Department of Urology, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur and Shahida Islam Medical College, Lodhran. Period: From July 2015 to June 2016. Material & Methods: Total 150 women with vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) on cystoscopy of either age were selected. Patients with history of recurrence of fistula, multiple fistulae, radiation and severe vaginal scarring were excluded. The transvaginal management was approached in cases of simple fistula, VVF located at trigone of bladder while transabdominal route was preferred when the fistula site could not be easily accessed per vagina, when VVF was above trigone or when the VVF was complex. These patients were followed for 6 weeks at 2 week time interval. Results: Age range in this study was from 20 to 60 years with mean age of 38.18 ± 10.64 years. Majority of patients were (41.72%) with medium sized fistula. In 92 patients, abdominal repair was done while in 52 patients vaginal repair was done. Unsuccessful repair was seen in 14 (9.33%), infection in 25 (16.67%) and recurrent fistula formation in 21 (14.0%) patients. Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of unsuccessful repair and recurrent fistula is more after vaginal repair compared to abdominal repair while infection rate was more after abdominal repair.

scholarly journals Tracing the Life of a Buddhist Literary Apologia: Steps in Preparation for the Study and Translation of Sokdokpa’s Thunder of Definitive Meaning

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
James Duncan Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Shed Light

This article discusses Buddhist apologetics in Tibet by examining the formation, revision, and reception of the most renowned literary apologia ever written in defense of the Old School of Tibetan Buddhism: Sokdokpa Lodrö Gyeltsen’s early 17th-century magnum opus the Thunder of Definitive Meaning. It reconstructs in broad strokes the history of the Thunder’s reception from the early 17th century to the present and relates this to details in different versions of the Thunder and its addendum to shed light on the process by which this work was composed and edited. By considering this work’s peculiar context of production and history of reception alongside passages it presents revealing how it was conceived and revised, this analysis aims to prepare the ground for its study and translation. In so doing, this discussion attempts to show how a broadly historical approach can work in tandem with a fine-grained philological approach to yield fresh insights into the production and reception of Buddhist literary works that have important ramifications for their understanding and translation.

Crystallisation of fine- and coarse-grained A-type granite sheets of the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, U.S.A.

2000 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Hogan ◽  
M. Charles Gilbert ◽  
Jon D. Price
Keyword(s):  
Solidus Temperature ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mafic Complex ◽  
Southern Oklahoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Volcanic Pile ◽  
Crustal Magma

A-type felsic magmatism associated with the Cambrian Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen began with eruption of voluminous rhyolite to form a thick volcanic carapace on top of an eroded layered mafic complex. This angular unconformity became a crustal magma trap and was the locus for emplacement of later subvolcanic plutons. Rising felsic magma batches ponding along this crustal magma trap crystallised first as fine-grained granite sheets and then subsequently as coarser-grained granite sheets. Aplite dykes, pegmatite dykes and porphyries are common within the younger coarser-grained granite sheets but rare to absent within the older fine-grained granite sheets. The older fine-grained granite sheets typically contain abundant granophyre.The differences between fine-grained and coarse-grained granite sheets can largely be attributed to a progressive increase in the depth of the crustal magma trap as the aulacogen evolved. At low pressures (<200MPa) a small increase in the depth of emplacement results in a dramatic increase in the solubility of H2O in felsic magmas. This is a direct consequence of the shape of the H2O-saturated granite solidus. The effect of this slight increase in total pressure on the crystallisation of felsic magmas is to delay vapour saturation, increase the H2O content of the residual melt fractions and further depress the solidus temperature. Higher melt H2O contents, and an extended temperature range over which crystallisation can proceed, both favour crystallisation of coarser-grained granites. In addition, the potential for the development of late, H2O-rich, melt fractions is significantly enhanced. Upon reaching vapour saturation, these late melt fractions are likely to form porphyries, aplite dykes and pegmatite dykes.For the Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen, the progressive increase in the depth of the crustal magma trap at the base of the volcanic pile appears to reflect thickening of the volcanic pile during rifting, but may also reflect emplacement of earlier granite sheets. Thus, the change in textural characteristics of granite sheets of the Wichita Granite Group may hold considerable promise as an avenue for further investigation in interpreting the history of this rifting event.

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