Single Instrument Solution for Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Monitoring in Cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Hundt ◽  
Oleg Aseev ◽  
Herbert Looser
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Quantum Cascade Lasers ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Gas Monitoring ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Single Instrument

<p>Observation of air pollutants and greenhouse gases with high selectivity and sensitivity is of great importance for our understanding of their sources and sinks. For air pollution modelling and validation of emission inventories measurements at various spatial and temporal scales are required. Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy is often the method of choice, offering outstanding performance and reliability. Most frequently, however, this technology is used in a “one-species-one-instrument” solution because of the narrow spectral coverage of DFB-lasers. This can be overcome by combining several Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs), providing unique solutions in compact laser absorption spectrometers for environmental monitoring of multiple species in a single instrument.</p><p>We combined multiple DFB-QCLs into a single, compact laser absorption spectrometer to measure up to ten different compounds. We present simultaneous atmospheric measurements of the greenhouse gases CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub>, and the pollutants CO, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> with a single instrument. Furthermore, the instrument performance, first field results and comparison to standard air-quality and greenhouse gas monitoring instrumentation are discussed. The results demonstrate that spectrometers using QCLs can serve as an all-in-one solution for environmental monitoring stations replacing up to seven instruments at once. Furthermore, due to their reduced size and robustness, they can be used on mobile platforms, opening up new applications of air quality and greenhouse gas monitoring in cities.</p>

scholarly journals City Logistics and Air Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Radovan Slávik ◽  
◽  
Dominika Beňová ◽  
Jozef Gnap ◽  
Ondrej Stopka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
The Impact

The paper focuses on the impact of city logistics on air quality. The first chapter focuses on the EU's transport policy for 2030-2050 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The second chapter focuses on air quality in the Slovak Republic and the amount of greenhouse gases in the air. The aim of the contribution is to highlight the impact of road transport on air quality and air pollution as well as the need to reduce these harmful emissions.

Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorsky ◽  
O. Nykyforuk ◽  
N. Boltyk
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

On the issue of optimization of atmospheric air quality monitoring for the implementation of the Federal project «Clean Air»

2019 ◽  
pp. 931-936
Author(s):  
I. V. May ◽  
A. A. Kokoulina ◽  
S. Yu. Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The City

Introduction. The city of Chita of Zabaikalsky region is one of the cities of Russia, priority on level of pollution of atmosphere. Of the order of 130 impurities emitted by the sources of the city, 12 are monitored at 5 posts of the Roshydromet network. Maximum monthly average concentrations are formed by benz (a) pyrene (up to 56.8 MPC), hydrogen sulfide (12.3 MPC), suspended particles (up to 4PDC), phenol (up to 3.6 MPC). Significant emissions (59.73 thousand tons in 2018) are aggravated by the use of coal as a fuel by heat and power enterprises and the private sector, climatic and geographical features. Within the framework of the Federal project “Clean Air” of the national project “Ecology”, it is envisaged to reduce the gross emission of pollutants into the atmosphere of Chita by 8.75 thousand tons by 2024, which should lead to a significant improvement in the safety and quality of life of citizens. It is necessary to identify the most “risky “components of pollution for health.It is important to understand: whether the environmental monitoring system reflects the real picture of the dangers posed by pollution of the city’s atmosphere; whether there is a need to optimize the monitoring system for the subsequent assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures; what impurities and at what points should be monitored in the interests of the population, administration and economic entities implementing air protection measures.The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for optimizing the program of environmental monitoring of air quality in the city of Chita, taking into account the criteria of danger to public health for the subsequent evaluation of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the Federal project “Clean Air”.Materials and methods. Justification of optimization of monitoring programs was carried out through the calculation of hazard indices, considering: the mass of emissions and toxicological characteristics of each chemical; the population under the influence. A vector map of the city with a layer “population density” was used as a topographic base. The indices were calculated for regular grid cells covering the residential area. For each cell, the repeatability of winds of 8 points from the priority enterprises and the population within the calculated cell were taken into account. As a result, each calculation cell was characterized by a total coefficient, taking into account the danger of potential impacts of emissions. Based on the results of the assessments, recommendations were formulated to optimize the placement of posts in the city and the formation of monitoring programs.Results. Indices of carcinogenic danger to the health of the population of Chita ranged from 584,805. 96 to 0.03 (priorities: carbon (soot), benzene, benz (a) pyrene); indices of non-carcinogenic danger — from 1,443,558. 24 to 0.00 (priorities: sulfur dioxide, inorganic dust containing 70–20% SiO2, fuel oil ash). The greatest danger to public health stationary sources of emissions form in the North-Western, Western and South-Eastern parts of the city. Roshydromet posts in these zones are absent.Conclusions. As part of the objectives of the project “Clean Air”, it is recommended to Supplement the existing state network of observations of atmospheric air quality in Chita with two posts; to include manganese, xylene, vanadium pentoxide in the monitoring programs, to carry out the determination of Benz(a)pyrene et all posts, which will allow to fully and adequately assess the danger of emissions of economic entities, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the provided air protection measures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Poultry Litter Amendment on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Kelsey Anderson ◽  
Philip A. Moore ◽  
Jerry Martin ◽  
Amanda J. Ashworth
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Poultry Facilities

Gaseous emissions from poultry litter causes production problems for producers as well as the environment, by contributing to climate change and reducing air quality. Novel methods of reducing ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in poultry facilities are needed. As such, our research evaluated GHG emissions over a 42 d period. Three separate flocks of 1000 broilers were used for this study. The first flock was used only to produce litter needed for the experiment. The second and third flocks were allocated to 20 pens in a randomized block design with four replicated of five treatments. The management practices studied included an unamended control; a conventional practice of incorporating aluminum sulfate (referred to as alum) at 98 kg/100 m2); a novel litter amendment made from alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid (alum mud litter amendment, AMLA) applied at different rates (49 and 98 kg/100 m2) and methods (surface applied or incorporated). Nitrous oxide emissions were low for all treatments in flocks 2 and 3 (0.40 and 0.37 mg m2 hr−1, respectively). The formation of caked litter (due to excessive moisture) during day 35 and 42 caused high variability in CH4 and CO2 emissions. Alum mud litter amendment and alum did not significantly affect GHGs emissions from litter, regardless of the amendment rate or application method. In fact, litter amendments such as alum and AMLA typically lower GHG emissions from poultry facilities by reducing ventilation requirements to maintain air quality in cooler months due to lower NH3 levels, resulting in less propane use and concomitant reductions in CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Verification of greenhouse gas emission reductions: the prospect of atmospheric monitoring in polluted areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1943) ◽  
pp. 1906-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Levin ◽  
Samuel Hammer ◽  
Elke Eichelmann ◽  
Felix R. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Transport Modelling

Independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reporting is a legal requirement of the Kyoto Protocol, which has not yet been fully accomplished. Here, we show that dedicated long-term atmospheric measurements of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ), continuously conducted at polluted sites can provide the necessary tool for this undertaking. From our measurements at the semi-polluted Heidelberg site in the upper Rhine Valley, we find that in the catchment area CH 4 emissions decreased on average by 32±6% from the second half of the 1990s until the first half of the 2000s, but the observed long-term trend of emissions is considerably smaller than that previously reported for southwest Germany. In contrast, regional fossil fuel CO 2 levels, estimated from high-precision 14 CO 2 observations, do not show any significant decreasing trend since 1986, in agreement with the reported emissions for this region. In order to provide accurate verification, these regional measurements would best be accompanied by adequate atmospheric transport modelling as required to precisely determine the relevant catchment area of the measurements. Furthermore, reliable reconciliation of reported emissions will only be possible if these are known at high spatial resolution in the catchment area of the observations. This information should principally be available in all countries that regularly report their greenhouse gas emissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Hochaufgelöste Simulation von meteorologischen Feldern in urbanen Räumen mit dem Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Modell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas N. Pilz ◽  
Sanam N. Vardag ◽  
Joachim Fallmann ◽  
André Butz
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Gas Monitoring ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
European Centre ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Erste Ergebnisse ◽  
Weather Research

<p><span>Städte und Kommunen sind für mehr als 70% </span><span>der globalen, fossilen CO2-Emissionen</span><span> verantwortlich, sodass hier ein enormes Mitigationspotential besteht. Informationen über (inner-)städtische CO2-Emissionen stehen allerdings oft nicht </span><span>in hoher zeitlicher und räumlicher Auflösung</span><span> zur Verfügung und sind </span><span>meist</span><span> mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet. Diese Umstände erschweren eine zielgerichtete und effiziente Mitigation im urbanen Raum. </span><span>Städtische Messnetzwerke können als unabhängige Informationsquelle einen Beitrag leisten, um CO2-Emissionen in Städten zu quantifizieren und Mitigation zu verifizieren</span><span>. </span><span>Verschiedene denkbare Beobachtungsstrategien sollten</span><span> im Vorfeld abgewägt werden, um urbane Emissionen bestmöglich, d.h. mit der erforderlichen Genauigkeit und </span><span>Kosteneffizienz</span><span> zu quantifizieren. So können Messnetzwerke die Basis für zielgerichtete und kosteneffiziente Mitigation legen.</span></p><p><span>Im Rahmen des Verbundvorhabens „Integrated Greenhouse Gas Monitoring System for Germany“ (ITMS) werden wir verschiedene Beobachtungsstrategien für urbane Räume entwerfen und mit Hilfe von Modellsimulation evaluieren und abwägen. Notwendige Voraussetzung für </span><span>die Evaluation der Strategien</span><span> ist eine akkurate Repräsentation des atmosphärischen Transports im Modell.</span></p><p><span>Diese Studie zeigt</span><span> erste Ergebnisse der hochauflösenden (1kmx1km) meteorologischen Simulationen für den Rhein-Neckar-Raum mit dem WRF Modell. </span><span>Die in WRF simulierten meteorologischen Größen werden für verschiedene Modellkonfigurationen mit </span><span>re-analysierten Daten des European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) und ausgewählten Messstationen verglichen. Damit evaluieren wir </span><span>den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Nudging-Strategien, Parametrisierungen physikalischer Prozesse und urbaner Interaktionen</span><span> auf </span><span>die Modellperformance</span> <span>von</span><span> Lufttemperatur, Windrichtung, Windgeschwindigkeit und Grenzschichthöhe. Durch diese Analysen gewährleisten wir, dass die Simulation der Beobachtungsstrategien auf robuste</span><span>m</span><span> und realistische</span><span>m</span><span> atmosphärischen Transport basieren und schlussendlich repräsentative Empfehlungen für den Aufbau von Messnetzwerken liefern können. </span></p>

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF CARBON FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Radik Safin ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Valeriya Kolesar
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Republic

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture. One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets. The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

scholarly journals Measurement of Atmospheric Dimethyl Sulfide with a Distributed Feedback Interband Cascade Laser

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuanke Wang ◽  
Zhenhui Du ◽  
Liming Yuan ◽  
Yiwen Ma ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Distributed Feedback ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Laser Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Interband Cascade Laser

This paper presents a mid-infrared dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3, DMS) sensor based on tunable laser absorption spectroscopy with a distributed feedback interband cascade laser to measure DMS in the atmosphere. Different from previous work, in which only DMS was tested and under pure nitrogen conditions, we measured DMS mixed by common air to establish the actual atmospheric measurement environment. Moreover, we used tunable laser absorption spectroscopy with spectral fitting to enable multi-species (i.e., DMS, CH4, and H2O) measurement simultaneously. Meanwhile, we used empirical mode decomposition and greatly reduced the interference of optical fringes and noise. The sensor performances were evaluated with atmospheric mixture in laboratory conditions. The sensor’s measurement uncertainties of DMS, CH4, and H2O were as low as 80 ppb, 20 ppb, and 0.01% with an integration time 1 s, respectively. The sensor possessed a very low detection limit of 9.6 ppb with an integration time of 164 s for DMS, corresponding to an absorbance of 7.4 × 10−6, which showed a good anti-interference ability and stable performance after optical interference removal. We demonstrated that the sensor can be used for DMS measurement, as well as multi-species atmospheric measurements of DMS, H2O, and CH4 simultaneously.

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