Geochemistry of Geological Hydrogen Storage in Sandstone Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband ◽  
Katriona Edlmann ◽  
Mark Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Sandstone Reservoirs ◽  
The Impact

<p>To enable a fast transition of the global energy sector towards operation with 100% renewable and clean energy technology, the geological storage of hydrogen in depleted gas fields or salt caverns has been considered as a strong candidate for the future energy storage required for limiting global warming to well below 2 °C, as agreed under the Paris Agreement. As such, understanding the impact of injected hydrogen on the geochemical equilibrium in these storage reservoirs is critical. Here, using our bespoke high pressure/temperature batch reaction vessels we investigate the potential effects of hydrogen injection into 3 different sandstones reservoirs.  These experiments were conducted at reservoir temperature and at different injection pressures from 1 to 20 MPa with salinities from 0 to 10 weight% over different time periods from 1 to 8 weeks.  Our experiments reveal that there is no hydrogen-associated geochemical reaction for the selected sandstones. Although changing reservoir pressure slightly affected the mineral dissolution equilibria at ppm level for hydrogen injection scenarios, the fluctuations of mineral dissolution in water associated with pressure change have a negligible influence on the efficiency of geological hydrogen storage.  Therefore, based on the analysis of water chemistry before and after the mentioned experiments, we demonstrate that from geochemical point of view geological storage of hydrogen in these sandstone reservoirs is safe and we don’t expect any hydrogen loss due to geochemical reactions. </p>

scholarly journals Developing a Dashboard Software for the ICUs and Studying its Impact on Reducing the Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fathi ◽  
Hamid Moghaddasi ◽  
Azamossadat Hosseini ◽  
Monir Ebrahimi Aghdam
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Usability Assessment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), a lung infection developing in patients on a ventilator in Intensive Care Units (ICU), is the second most common nosocomial infection and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in ICUs. To reduce the incidence rate of VAP complication, many healthcare organizations have already developed certain strategies and guidelines. However, there are still high rates of VAP infections mainly due to: conflicting guidelines from different sources, implementing the guidelines at different times and conditions, different ICU caregivers at different shifts, and of course the human mistakes. Methods: The present study aimed to develop a dashboard to help reducing VAP incidences in ICUs. To achieve the objective of the research, first, the VAP prevention guidelines were compiled. The object-oriented analysis approach was adopted for designing of the dashboard software. To assess the impact of the developed dashboard on the reduction of VAP events, a pilot hospital was selected and a pilot project was prepared. For the dashboard usability assessment based on user satisfaction, a questionnaire was developed as the survey tool. Conclusion: The dashboard was developed and put into operation in a pilot ICU. The results from the t-test (with a probable error of 0.05 percent) indicated a meaningful difference between the number of VAP patients before and after the dashboard implementation with p-value ˂ 0.02. Also, the developed software was evaluated from a usability point of view based on user satisfaction, with health professionals and caregivers of the pilot ICU as the users of the software. The total score was equivalent to 95 percent, falling within the acceptable range of 75-100 percent.

Conception and numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a solid state hydrogen storage reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 20902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Alaoui-Belghiti ◽  
Mourad Rkhis ◽  
Said Laasri ◽  
Abdelowahed Hajjaji ◽  
Mohamed Eljouad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Performance ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays energy storage seems to be a vital point in any new energy paradigm. It has become an important and strategic issue, to ensure the energetic sufficiency of humanity. Indeed, hydrogen storage in solids has been proved and revealed as clean and efficient energy storage. Moreover, it can be thought as a seriously considered solution to enable renewable energy to be a part of our quotidian life. To achieve storing hydrogen in solid form, the present study aimed to concepts and simulates a solid-state hydrogen storage reactor (tank). An investigation of the parameters influencing the hydrogen storage performance is carried out. Meanwhile, to understand the physical phenomenon taking place during the storage of hydrogen, a 2D numerical modelling for a metal hydrides-based in hydrogen reactor is presented. A strong coupling between energy balance, kinetic law, as well as a mass momentum balance at sorbent bed temperature under a non-uniform pressure was resolved based on finite element method. The temporal evolutions of pressure, the raising temperature in the bed during the hydriding process as well as the impact of the hydrogen supply pressure within the tank are analysed and validated by comparison with the experimental work in literature, a good agreement is obtained. From an industrial point of view, this study can be used to design and manufacture an optimal solid-state hydrogen storage reactor.

Identification and Analysis of Residual Stresses in the Axisymmetric Workpiece Existing before and after Machining

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Otko ◽  
Wojciech Zębala
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Plastic Processing ◽  
Machining Allowance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Semi-manufactured parts dedicated for precise machining often have internal stresses which have remained after previous cutting and plastic processing. These stresses reside in a fixed state of balance over the entire volume of the workpiece. Removal of the machining allowance is associated with a change in the state of balance and deformation of the workpiece, which affect its dimensional and shape accuracy. The study, involving non-stress removal of precisely defined volume of the machining allowance and determination of the impact of this treatment on the deformation of the workpiece surface is presented. It is important from the point of view of dimensional tolerance of the axially symmetrical workpiece, finally processed by turning.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF THE EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF AGROINDUSTRIAL TERRITORIES OF ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Voyevodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Development

Purpose: substantiation of environmental indicators of the efficiency of functioning of agro-industrial territory of advanced development (APTOR). Materials and methods. The methods of systematic, complex study, comparison, analysis and generalization of data were used. Results. As a result of the study, indicators that characterize the efficiency of APTOR functioning from an environmental point of view have been identified. The proposed indicators are harmonized with previously developed, widespread and recognized domestic and international methods. The main focus of the proposed indicators is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of management and operative activity. To characterize the efficiency of the APTOR activity based on the use of reclamation technologies, including reclamation parks, it is recommended to use, first of all, indicators indicating the efficiency of water resources use, among which the definition in dynamics (before and after the APTOR operation) “water consumption in the calculation per unit (in physical or value terms) of products (agricultural raw materials and products from them) produced at APTOR”. Due to the fact that the APTOR activities, which is planned to include many technological processes, can have a significant impact on other components of the environment, except for water resources, it is proposed to calculate indicators demonstrating the impact of APTOR activities on the state of air and soil in terms of energy efficiency, transport efficiency, pollution and waste management. On the basis of the indicators for the above recognized equal four blocks, an integrated indicator can be calculated. Conclusions. The use of the proposed indicators will make it possible to assess the effectiveness of the ecological activity of a new economic entity: an agro-industrial territory of advanced development.

Sequential Coupling of Geochemical Reactions With Reservoir Simulations for Waterflood and EOR Studies

SPE Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingli Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
The Impact

Summary Many waterflood projects now experience significant amounts of water cut, with more water than hydrocarbon flowing between the injectors and producers. In addition to the impact on water viscosity and density that results from using different injection-water sources during a field's life, water chemistry itself may impact oil recovery, as demonstrated by recent research on low-salinity water-injection schemes. It is also known that water chemistry has a profound impact on various chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes. Moreover, the effectiveness and viability of such EOR schemes is strongly dependent on reservoir-brine and injection-water compositions. In particular, the presence of divalent cations such as Ca+2 and Mg+2 has a significantly adverse effect for chemical EORs. Using new developments in reservoir simulation, this paper outlines a method to couple geochemical reactions in a reservoir simulator in black-oil and compositional modes suitable for large-scale reservoir models for waterflood and EOR studies. The new multicomponent reactive-transport modeling capability considers chemical reactions triggered by injection water and/or injected reactive gases such as CO2 and H2S, including mineral dissolution and precipitation, cation exchange, and surface complexation. For waterflood-performance assessment, the new modeling capability makes possible a more-optimum evaluation of petrophysical logs for well intervals where injection-water invasion is suspected. By modeling transport of individual species in the aqueous phase from injectors to producers, reservoir characterization can also be improved through the use of these natural tracers, provided that the compositions of the actual produced water are used in the history matching. The simulated water compositions in producers can also be used by production chemists to assess scaling and corrosion risks. For CO2 EOR studies, we illustrate chemical changes inside a reservoir and in the produced water before and after CO2 breakthrough, and discuss geochemical monitoring as a potential surveillance tool. Alkaline-flood-induced water chemical changes and calcite precipitation are also presented to illustrate applicability for chemical EOR with the new simulation capability.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Turkey before and after the Adoption of Inflation Targeting Regime

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özcan Karahan
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Exchange Rate Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The impact of exchange rate change on the domestic price level which is called as exchange rate pass through has long been of interest in international economics literature. Along with the application of inflation targeting regime widely, the focus of this interest has also evolved to examine the changes in degree and speed of exchange rate pass through under inflation targeting regime. Turkey, adopted Inflation Targeting (IT) as a monetary regime between 2001 and 2006 implicitly and then explicitly, exhibits which was a genuine experience to be analyzed in this respect. From this point of view, the goal of the study is to provide a time-series analysis of exchange rate pass-through for Turkish economy based on single equation Error Correction Model estimation using the monthly data under pre-IT period 1995-2000 and post-IT period 2006-2014. Thus, we try to clarify the effectiveness of inflation targeting regime as monetary policy on the exchange rate pass-through. The findings of the study indicate that the exchange rate pass-through decreased in the post-IT period compared to pre- IT period. Accordingly, it can be argued that the implication of inflation targeting regime reduced exchange rate pass through in Turkey.

scholarly journals Characterization of Polyethylene Carrying Bags Before and After Isothermal Oxidative Aging in an Oven

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-548
Author(s):  
Malik Jehanzeb Khurram ◽  
Musa Kaleem Baloch ◽  
Leonardo C. Simon ◽  
Wajid Rehman ◽  
Cun-Yueguo Cun-Yueguo
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Index Value ◽  
The Impact

Utility of polymeric material is a major contribution to the production of waste, particularly in Pakistan. An easy escape to it is the damping in the land which is not commendable for an environmental point of view. On the other hand, the aging of polymer is analogous to its burial conditions under the soil in the absence of light. Therefore, in this research report, two different brands of polyethylene carrying bags were investigated. One sample was obtained from Pakistan abbreviated as sample `Y` while the other from Canada abbreviated as `E`. In order to accelerate the degradation process and to observe the impact of aging in a shorter span of time, these samples were heated at an elevated temperature (80�C) in an oven for the period of 20 days. The samples were characterized before and after aging with an interval of 2 days by applying different techniques like FT-IR, SEM, DSC, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Carbonyl peak at 1715 cm-1 was observed only in the case of sample `E` displaying carbonyl index value as 28.45 % after 20 days of aging. The SEM images before and after aging revealed that the degradation took place at preferential sites in case of sample `Y` and at numerous sites in case of sample `E`. The results of percent crystallinity obtained by DSC showed an increasing pattern with aging for both the samples and was high in case of sample `E.` The activation energy determined by using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa showed a decreasing pattern for both the samples with aging. It concluded that the thermal aging initiates the process of degradation which was then accelerated by heating in TGA oven. The order of reaction was slightly decreased after aging for both the samples and was found to be independent of the heating rate.

scholarly journals Impact of HPC and Automated CFD Simulation Processes on Virtual Product Development—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6552
Author(s):  
Christopher Lange ◽  
Patrick Barthelmäs ◽  
Tobias Rosnitschek ◽  
Stephan Tremmel ◽  
Frank Rieg
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Massively Parallel Computing ◽  
Cfd Analyses ◽  
Virtual Product Development ◽  
The Impact

High-performance computing (HPC) enables both academia and industry to accelerate simulation-driven product development processes by providing a massively parallel computing infrastructure. In particular, the automation of high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses aided by HPC systems can be beneficial since computing time decreases while the number of significant design iterations increases. However, no studies have quantified these effects from a product development point of view yet. This article evaluates the impact of HPC and automation on product development by studying a formula student racing team as a representative example of a small or medium-sized company. Over several seasons, we accompanied the team, and provided HPC infrastructure and methods to automate their CFD simulation processes. By comparing the team’s key performance indicators (KPIs) before and after the HPC implementation, we were able to quantify a significant increase in development efficiency in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. The major aerodynamic KPI increased up to 115%. Simultaneously, the number of expedient design iterations within one season increased by 600% while utilizing HPC. These results prove the substantial benefits of HPC and automation of numerical-intensive simulation processes for product development.

scholarly journals Impact of Mineral Reactive Surface Area on Forecasting Geological Carbon Sequestration in a CO2-EOR Field

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Wei Jia ◽  
Ting Xiao ◽  
Zhidi Wu ◽  
Zhenxue Dai ◽  
Brian McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Reactive Surface Area ◽  
Reactive Surface ◽  
Porosity Reduction ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Mineral Trapping ◽  
The Impact

Mineral reactive surface area (RSA) is one of the key factors that control mineral reactions, as it describes how much mineral is accessible and can participate in reactions. This work aims to evaluate the impact of mineral RSA on numerical simulations for CO2 storage at depleted oil fields. The Farnsworth Unit (FWU) in northern Texas was chosen as a case study. A simplified model was used to screen representative cases from 87 RSA combinations to reduce the computational cost. Three selected cases with low, mid, and high RSA values were used for the FWU model. Results suggest that the impact of RSA values on CO2 mineral trapping is more complex than it is on individual reactions. While the low RSA case predicted negligible porosity change and an insignificant amount of CO2 mineral trapping for the FWU model, the mid and high RSA cases forecasted up to 1.19% and 5.04% of porosity reduction due to mineral reactions, and 2.46% and 9.44% of total CO2 trapped in minerals by the end of the 600-year simulation, respectively. The presence of hydrocarbons affects geochemical reactions and can lead to net CO2 mineral trapping, whereas mineral dissolution is forecasted when hydrocarbons are removed from the system.

scholarly journals Impact of Basalt Filler on Thermal and Mechanical Properties, as Well as Fire Hazard, of Silicone Rubber Composites, Including Ceramizable Composites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rybiński ◽  
Syrek ◽  
Żukowski ◽  
Bradło ◽  
Imiela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Glass Frit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

This article illustrates the impact of basalt filler, both in the form of basalt flakes and basalt fibers, on thermal and mechanical properties, as well as on the fire hazard, of silicone rubber (SR) composites, including ceramizable composites. In addition to basalt filler, ceramizable composites contain mineral fillers in their composition in the form of silica and calcium carbonate, inorganic fluxes such as zinc borate and glass frit, and melamine cyanurate as a flame retardant. The obtained composites were analyzed from the point of view of their morphology, rheological and thermal properties, flammability, and mechanical properties before and after the ceramization process. The obtained research results indicate that the basalt filler has an unambiguous impact on the improvement of thermal properties and the reduction of flammability in the analyzed composites. The results of morphological analyses of ceramizable composites before and after the process of their ceramization indicate a definite impact of the basalt filler on the structure of the formed ceramic layer. An increase in its homogeneity exerts a direct impact on the improvement of its mechanical parameters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document